RISKOCA: A Smartphone-Based Digital Platform for Oral Cancer Self-Examination.

We pioneered a smartphone-based digital platform for oral cancer self-examination, namely RISKOCA. It enabled anyone to self-submit their own oral images to evaluate the potential risk of oral lesions. Integrative artificial intelligence (AI) could immediately report if the image might have a type of oral cancer as well as the precise locations of the lesions.

Precise Identification of Oral Cancer Lesions Using Artificial Intelligence.

Dentists, especially those who are not oral lesion specialists and live in rural areas, need an artificial intelligence (AI) system for accurately assisting them in screening for oral cancer that may appear in smartphone images. Not many literatures present a viable model that addresses the needs, especially in the context of oral lesion segmentation in smartphone images. This study demonstrates the use of a deep learning-based AI for simultaneously identifying types of oral cancer lesions as well as precisely outlining the boundary of the lesions in the images for the first time.

Enhancing Periodontal Treatment Through the Integration of Deep Learning-Based Detection with Bayesian Network Models.

This study incorporated deep learning for periodontal disease detection into a Bayesian network (BN) clinical decision support model for comprehensive periodontal care. BN structure and probabilities were based on clinical data and Faster R-CNN-detected radiographic images. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the model's high accuracy in treatment plan recommendations.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimalarial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of on Mice Subjected to .

Malaria airs a life-threatening risk in Tropical African countries, stemming from infection by species. This region is richly endowed by nature with a wealth of diverse and largely unexplored plants that hold the potential for managing this protozoan parasite. The currently accessible over-the-counter drugs for disease management often present affordability challenges for the average person, exacerbated by the parasite's increasing resistance to them.

Salivary proteomic signatures in severe dental fluorosis.

The relationship between dental fluorosis and alterations in the salivary proteome remains inadequately elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the salivary proteome and fluoride concentrations in urine and drinking water among Thai individuals afflicted with severe dental fluorosis. Thirty-seven Thai schoolchildren, aged 6-16, were stratified based on Thylstrup and Fejerskov fluorosis index scores: 10 with scores ranging from 5 to 9 (SF) and 27 with a score of 0 (NF).

Periodontal Diseases in Adult and Elderly Nigerians: A National Survey.

Background: Periodontitis has been shown to have links with general health and increase the risk of complications of some systemic diseases now showing a rising prevalence with age. The rising proportion of the elderly globally, and a high prevalence of periodontal disease among older adults may significantly impact the need for oral health care services in the near future. This national survey was carried out to highlight the trend of periodontal diseases among adult and elderly Nigerians and make evidence-based recommendations for good management outcomes.

Oral Health Policy and Research Capacity: Perspectives From Dental Schools in Africa.

Introduction And Aims: The prioritisation of oral health in all health policies in the WHO African region is gaining momentum. Dental schools in this region are key stakeholders in informing the development and subsequent downstream implementation and monitoring of these policies. The objectives of our study are to determine how dental schools contribute to oral health policies (OHPs) in this region, to identify the barriers to and facilitators for engaging with other local stakeholders, and to understand their capacity to respond to population and public health needs.

Prevalence of Complete Edentulism in Adults and Older Nigerian Population.

Introduction: The prevalence of complete edentulism varies from country to country and from one region to another region, and making comparisons between national data challenging because of the impact of lifestyle, socio-economic and educational factors. There is no reported national data for Nigeria.

Aims And Objectives: The study was to determine the prevalence of complete edentulism among adult (35-44 years) and older (65-74 years) Nigerians, being part of a national oral health survey of Nigerians conducted in 2014.

Estimating vaccine coverage in conflict settings using geospatial methods: a case study in Borno state, Nigeria.

Reliable estimates of subnational vaccination coverage are critical to track progress towards global immunisation targets and ensure equitable health outcomes for all children. However, conflict can limit the reliability of coverage estimates from traditional household-based surveys due to an inability to sample in unsafe and insecure areas and increased uncertainty in underlying population estimates. In these situations, model-based geostatistical (MBG) approaches offer alternative coverage estimates for administrative units affected by conflict.

Drivers of health workers' migration, intention to migrate and non-migration from low/middle-income countries, 1970-2022: a systematic review.

Background: The migration of healthcare workers (HWs) from low/middle-income countries (LMICs) is a pressing global health issue with implications for population-level health outcomes. We aimed to synthesise the drivers of HWs' out-migration, intention to migrate and non-migration from LMICs.

Methods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health and Web of Science, as well as the reference lists of retrieved articles.

Understanding the trends, and drivers of emigration, migration intention and non-migration of health workers from low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: The WHO estimates a shortage of 18 million health workers (HWs) by 2030, primarily in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The perennial out-migration of HWs from LMICs, often to higher-income countries, further exacerbates the shortage. We propose a systematic review to understand the determinants of HWs out-migration, intention to migrate and non-migration from LMICs.

Novel CNNM4 variant and clinical features of Jalili syndrome.

The study identifies a non-consanguineous multigenerational family of the Lua ethnic group in Northern Thailand with three members affected with hypoplastic-hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta, cone-rod dystrophy, and harboring a novel homozygous missense variant, c.1475G>A p.(Gly492Asp), in CNNM4, indicating Jalili syndrome.

A review of noma cases in a tertiary hospital located in a conflict endemic region in Nigeria.

Noma, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is a preventable oro-facial gangrenous infection causing destruction of oro-facial tissues if untreated. This descriptive study was conducted in North-Eastern Nigeria which has witnessed armed insurgency increasing risk of noma. Data was obtained from patients' records at a tertiary hospital after a dental educational outreach using radio and visits to the hospital's ante/postnatal clinics.

Validity and Reliability of Intraoral Camera with Fluorescent Aids for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Screening in Teledentistry.

There is limited documentation of using fluorescence images in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer screening through the field of teledentistry. This study aims to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of the intraoral camera with the combination method of autofluorescence and LED white light used for OPMDs and oral cancer screening in teledentistry. The intraoral camera with fluorescent aids, which uses a combined method of both autofluorescence and LED white light, was developed before the device was evaluated for validity and reliability as a OPMDs screening tool for teledentistry.

Dental Trauma in Adult and Elderly Nigerians: A National Survey.

Background: Various studies on Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) have been carried out in different small localities and mostly among children and adolescents in Nigeria, but there has not been any national study to determine its prevalence. This national survey was carried out to understand the complexities of dental trauma epidemiology among adult and elderly Nigerians.

Material And Methods: A national cross-sectional survey of TDI among adult and elderly Nigerians, following WHO recommendations.

Excessive fluoride consumption increases haematological alteration in subjects with iron deficiency, thalassaemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency.

Excessive fluoride consumption leads to accelerated red blood cell death and anaemia. Whether that increases the haematological alteration in subjects with haematological disorders (iron deficiency, thalassaemia, and G-6-PD deficiency) is still unclear. The fluoride in serum and urine and haematological parameters of students at Mae Tuen School (fluoride endemic area) were analysed and compared to those of students at Baan Yang Poa and Baan Mai Schools (control areas).

Health-oriented electronic oral health record for health surveillance.

Public health surveillance of oral health might benefit from increased access to and analysis of electronically available data including systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of outcome-specific data for use in public health action to improve oral health. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a new Health-oriented Electronic Oral Health Record (Health-EOHR) that integrated new oral health status graphical user interface, the health-oriented status and intervention model to facilitate oral health surveillance. We designed an experiment using focus groups and a Delphi process to develop health-oriented status and intervention model and graphical user interface.

Post-consent assessment of dental subjects' understanding of informed consent in oral health research in Nigeria.

Background: Research participants may not adequately understand the research in which they agree to enroll. This could be due to a myriad of factors. Such a missing link in the informed consent process contravenes the requirement for an "informed" consent prior to the commencement of research.

National pathfinder survey of periodontal status and treatment needs in The Gambia.

Objective: The aim of the pathfinder survey was to assess the periodontal status and treatment needs in The Gambia.

Methods: A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 1,235 (or 0.1% of the national population).

National pathfinder survey of dental caries prevalence and treatment needs in The Gambia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess dental caries status and treatment needs in The Gambia for the purpose of national planning.

Materials And Methods: 1,235 subjects were obtained with a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Clinical examinations were carried out using the criteria suggested in WHO Basic Methods (WHO 1987).

Fluorosis in relation to fluoride levels in water in central Nigeria.

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in relation to fluoride levels in water among children aged 12-15 years in the states of Plateau and Bauchi, Nigeria.

Methods: Children (N = 203) were examined using WHO criteria. The children were from two schools and permanent residents of the communities in which the schools are located (Tilden Fulani and Kanadap).

The community care model of the Intercountry Centre for Oral Health at Chiangmai, Thailand.

The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health opened in Chiangmai, Thailand, in November, 1981. In 1984, as part of its mandate to promote new approaches to the delivery of oral health care, it initiated a demonstration project known as the Community Care Model for Oral Health. Logistic, financial and organisational difficulties prevented the full implementation of the original plan.