Encapsulation of telmisartan inside insulinoma-cell-derived extracellular vesicles outperformed biomimetic nanovesicles in modulating the pancreatic inflammatory microenvironment.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition, characterized by hyperglycaemia, oxidative imbalance, pancreatic β-cell death, and insulin insufficiency. Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARBs) can ameliorate inflammatory response and oxidative stress. However, like other small-molecule drugs, free ARBs show poor efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities.

Advanced esophagogastric junction mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm with long-term recurrence-free survival.

Background: Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is a rare malignant gastrointestinal tumor. The prognosis of patients with MiNEN is poor because of the high frequency of recurrence and metastases. We report a case of esophagogastric junction MiNEN (EGJ-MiNEN) with a long-term recurrence-free survival of 5.

A Case of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Revealed Transient Positivity of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Antibodies Following Immunoglobulin Administrations.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are frequently measured in diabetes care as islet-associated autoantibodies that are useful in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. However, GAD antibodies derived from other persons may contaminate immunoglobulin preparations, and there have been cases of transiently positive GAD antibodies after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in patients who were originally negative for GAD antibodies. Clinicians may be unaware of such contamination and misdiagnose some cases as type 1 instead of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on positivity for GAD antibodies.

Insulinoma-associated protein-1 (INSM-1) is a useful diagnostic marker for the evaluation of primary thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 27 cases.

Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) immunohistochemistry has been established as a sensitive and reliable immunohistochemical marker for detecting neuroendocrine differentiation in tumors across various organ systems. However, this marker has not been adequately investigated in primary thymic neuroendocrine tumors. We have studied a series of 27 cases of primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thymus, including 3 typical carcinoids, 18 atypical carcinoids, 4 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 2 small cell carcinomas.

Enucleation of insulinoma using laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with a focus on vascular and splenic preservation: a case report.

Insulinomas represent <10% of pancreatic tumors. It is a functional neuroendocrine tumor that can cause recurrent and severe episodes of loss of consciousness due to hypoglycemia. Surgical removal is the only curative treatment.

Insulator-based dielectrophoresis-assisted separation of insulin secretory vesicles.

Organelle heterogeneity and inter-organelle contacts within a single cell contribute to the limited sensitivity of current organelle separation techniques, thus hindering organelle subpopulation characterization. Here, we use direct current insulator-based dielectrophoresis (DC-iDEP) as an unbiased separation method and demonstrate its capability by identifying distinct distribution patterns of insulin vesicles from INS-1E insulinoma cells. A multiple voltage DC-iDEP strategy with increased range and sensitivity has been applied, and a differentiation factor (ratio of electrokinetic to dielectrophoretic mobility) has been used to characterize features of insulin vesicle distribution patterns.

[The outcomes of robotic-assisted enucleation for tumors located in uncinate process of pancreas in 16 cases].

To summarize the experience of robot-assisted enucleation of tumors located in uncinate process of pancreas. This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical data of patients with robot-assisted enucleation of tumors located in the uncinate process of pancreas at the Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatic Surgery,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Expression profiles of cadherin 17 and claudin 18.2 in comparison with peptide hormonal expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Implications for targeted immunotherapy.

Cadherin 17 (CDH17) and claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) are highly selective markers of intestinal and gastric lineages and are expressed in adenocarcinomas of various organs.

F-DOPA PET/MRI With Carbidopa for the Diagnosis of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in an Adolescent Patient.

Hyperinsulinism due to focal or diffuse pancreatic lesions causing recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia is rare in mid-childhood. There is no consensus on the gold-standard imaging method to diagnose focal insulin-producing lesions beyond infancy. A 14-year-old boy with a complex medical history and refractory epilepsy, presented with blood glucose (BG) of 52 mg/dL (2.

A Rare Case of Malignant Insulinoma Associated With Gastrointestinal Bleed.

A gastrointestinal bleed (GIB) in the setting of metastatic insulinoma is a rare phenomenon. It appears that cases of metastatic insulinoma causing GIB are rare, often influenced by the tumor's location. Our case involves an 82-year-old male with dementia and a history of recurrent hypoglycemia, presenting with an episode of altered mental status.

A tale of two sisters - delayed diagnosis of genetic hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

Summary: Congenital hyperinsulinism is the leading cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in infants and children; however, it is uncommon to be diagnosed in adulthood. We describe the cases of two sisters who presented with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia aged 47 and 57 years old, who were subsequently diagnosed with compound heterozygous likely pathogenic variants in the ABCC8 gene, a known cause of monogenic congenital hyperinsulinism. We discuss the typical presenting features, investigation findings, and treatment strategies for patients with this condition.

ARX, PDX1, ISL1, and CDX2 Expression Distinguishes 5 Subgroups of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors With Correlations to Histology, Hormone Expression, and Outcome.

Many pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) fall into 2 major prognostic subtypes based on DAXX/ATRX-induced alternative lengthening of telomerase phenotype and alpha- and beta-cell-like epigenomic profiles. However, these PanNETs are still flanked by other PanNETs that do not fit into either subtype. Furthermore, despite advanced genotyping, PanNETs are generally not well-characterized in terms of their histologic and hormonal phenotypes.

Pancreatic masses in children: a single-center experience over two decades.

Unlabelled: Pancreatic masses are extremely rare in pediatric patients, with limited data available. This lack of data makes the diagnosis and management of these tumors in children extremely challenging. Therefore, we aimed to describe the presentations, clinical course, and outcomes of children with pancreatic tumors at our center.

Insulinoma presenting with anti-insulin antibodies.

Summary: An 89-year-old woman presented with a 6-year history of occasional episodes of impaired consciousness that were relieved by ingestion of a snack. Three months before presenting to our hospital, she had been hospitalized in a local hospital with subdural hematoma caused by a head contusion, where previously unrecognized hypoglycemia was discovered. Fasting plasma glucose concentration was 37 mg/dL, with a relatively high serum level of insulin (34.