8,785 results match your criteria: "Insulinoma"

[Salidroside alleviates high glucose and ethanol-induced pyroptosis in insulinoma cells].

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi

November 2024

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan 442000, China Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan 442000, China Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan 442000, China.

This study established a pyroptosis injury model by stimulating insulinoma cells(INS-1) of rats with high glucose(HG) and observed the impact of additional ethanol(ET) exposure on cell pyroptosis, as well as the intervention effect of salidroside(SAL). INS-1 cells were cultured and divided into a normal control group(NG), an HG group, an HG + ET(100 mmol·L~(-1)) group, and an HG + ET + SAL(1-100 μmol·L~(-1)) group. After 72 hours of treatment, cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay.

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Insulinoma is a relatively uncommon pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, with approximately 10% of the cases being malignant. Diabetes mellitus (DM) with concurrent insulinoma is very rare and the diagnosis of such condition is easily missed as it can be misconstrued as improved glycemic control. Therefore, persistent hypoglycemic symptoms even after stopping antidiabetic medications may be considered for insulinoma.

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Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) characterized by autonomous insulin secretion leading to hypoglycemia. Malignant insulinomas are defined by the presence of metastases and present significant therapeutic challenges due to limited treatment options. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman with a two-month history of neuroglycopenic symptoms, including morning headaches, blurred vision, palpitations, and sweating, which were alleviated by sugar intake.

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In the past 2-3 decades, numerous attempts have been made to create an insulin-secreting β cell line that maintains normal insulin secretion. However, primary β cell cultures have finite life and, therefore, cannot be used for long-term experiments. The most widely used insulin-secreting cell lines are Insulinoma-1, rat insulinoma cell line, hamster pancreatic β cell line, mouse insulinoma, and β tumor cell line.

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Summary: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumour arising from the adrenal cortex, with an estimated annual incidence of one to two patients per million. Ectopic ACCs are extremely rare. The majority of ACCs are sporadic; however, ACC has been linked with genetic disease processes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN-1).

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Article Synopsis
  • * A study tested radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a less risky alternative to surgery for treating insulinomas in 29 dogs, targeting tumors in the pancreas and nearby lymph nodes/liver.
  • * Results showed RFA significantly improved blood glucose levels and reduced tumor size with minimal complications, indicating it could be a safe and effective treatment option.
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Article Synopsis
  • Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) can be either hormone-secreting or non-secreting, have serious health implications, and an average survival of 75-124 months.
  • Research shows that key genes involved in the tumor's development, especially epigenetic regulators like MEN1, DAXX, and ATRX, are often mutated, but their effects are not well understood.
  • The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is significantly reduced in GEP-NETs, potentially due to DNA methylation and chromatin modifications, suggesting it functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell growth in pancreatic NETs.
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Central pancreatectomy: An uncommon but potentially optimal choice of pancreatic resection.

Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int

November 2024

Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Department of HPB Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK. Electronic address:

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CD36 inhibition corrects lipid-FetuinA mediated insulin secretory defects by preventing intracellular lipid accumulation and inflammation in the pancreatic beta cells.

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

February 2025

Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • CD36 is a protein that helps with fat uptake and immune response, and it's found to be more active in the pancreatic islets of obese diabetic people, which can lead to issues with insulin secretion.
  • The study found that when beta cells were exposed to a combination of palmitate (a fatty acid) and fetuinA (a protein linked to inflammation), it triggered an inflammatory response that worsened lipid buildup and insulin secretion problems.
  • Inhibiting CD36 or the inflammatory receptor TLR4 helped reduce this lipid accumulation and restored insulin secretion in beta cells, indicating that targeting CD36 could be a potential treatment for obesity-related beta cell dysfunction.
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Influence of anti-fibrillation TNGQ peptide and rutin combination on β-cell cytoprotective effects against IAPP-induced cell death and oxidative stress.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun

December 2024

School of Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada; University Food Properties and Nutrient Bioavailability, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Type 2 diabetes is linked to IAPP fibrillation, which damages pancreatic β-cells through oxidative stress and membrane disruption.
  • Rutin, a plant polyphenol, and certain bioactive peptides (TNGQ, MANT, YMSV) show promise as inhibitors for IAPP fibrillation.
  • The study found that combining rutin with TNGQ significantly reduced IAPP fibrillation and related cell toxicity, suggesting potential for creating new anti-diabetic nutraceuticals.
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Article Synopsis
  • - Functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) require surgical removal, with enucleation being the top choice for small, well-differentiated tumors under 2 cm.
  • - Insulinomas, a type of pNET, are ideal candidates for enucleation, but surgeries involving the uncinate process of the pancreas can be complex.
  • - A video demonstrates a successful robotic-assisted enucleation of an insulinoma in a 41-year-old man, resulting in symptom relief and low post-operative complications.
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  • - Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common condition that can lead to early heart disease and stroke, with statins being the primary treatment, but they might also increase the risk of type 2 diabetes due to effects on β-cells.
  • - The study used a mouse insulinoma model to analyze the effects of simvastatin and pravastatin on β-cells in the presence of fatty acids, revealing that simvastatin reduced cholesterol more effectively but was also more cytotoxic and suppressed insulin levels.
  • - While simvastatin lowered insulin content significantly, this effect was reversible and not dependent on its main action, indicating that it may impact insulin secretion through mechanisms beyond just blocking HMG-CoA reductase. *
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Article Synopsis
  • Pancreatic neoplasm is an aggressive and often deadly cancer that is difficult to detect early due to vague symptoms, making early diagnosis and effective treatments essential for patient care.
  • Cancer cells, including those in pancreatic tumors, undergo metabolic changes that contribute to their growth and spread, highlighting the need to investigate these metabolic pathways for potential treatment options.
  • The ketogenic diet, which emphasizes high-fat and low-carbohydrate intake without caloric restriction, may impact the tumor microenvironment, and this review seeks to clarify its role in pancreatic cancer management, including its diagnostic value and possible benefits when used with chemotherapy.
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  • This study investigates the genetic underpinnings of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) by using targeted gene panels (TGPs) to identify novel genetic variants in a group of 93 patients with different NET subtypes.
  • Out of the identified variants, some were already known to be linked to specific tumor types, while others were new associations that had not been previously recognized in the context of NETs.
  • The research highlights the potential of TGPs to uncover previously unknown genetic factors in NET development, suggesting the need for further studies with larger samples to confirm these findings.
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  • * Resveratrol was studied for its impact on amylin aggregation and the formation of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic β cells and hippocampal cells.
  • * The research found that resveratrol reduced amylin aggregation and the size of toxic exosomes, thereby lessening their harmful effects on neurons.
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  • * RepID, a protein associated with the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, shows potential as a new biomarker for identifying NET and SCLC due to its strong correlation with neuroendocrine gene expression.
  • * Research indicates that RepID levels may also influence the effectiveness of targeted anti-cancer therapies, suggesting that it could be pivotal in developing new treatment strategies for these types of tumors.
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Insulinoma detection and surgery planning: a comparative study of 5.0T MRI versus 3.0T MRI and MDCT.

Abdom Radiol (NY)

November 2024

State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 5.0T MRI, 3.0T MRI, and MDCT in identifying insulinomas and understanding their relationship to the pancreatic duct.
  • Results showed that 5.0T MRI had superior image quality, lesion contrast, and tumor detection rates compared to 3.0T MRI and MDCT.
  • The findings suggest that 5.0T MRI is more effective in assessing insulinomas and predicting the risk of complications after surgery than the other imaging methods.
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Article Synopsis
  • * A specific case involving a 69-year-old Japanese woman showed that preoperative tests indicated low expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTR2 and SSTR5), but after surgery, the tumor exhibited strong SSTR expression.
  • * This case highlights the unusual situation where the insulinoma had mutated forms of SSTRs, leading to contradictory findings between preoperative assessments and postoperative pathology results.
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor-Targeted PET/CT With 68 Ga-HBED-CC-Exendin-4 in Localizing Insulinoma : A Head-to-Head Comparison to 68 Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4.

Clin Nucl Med

January 2025

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted to compare a new GLP-1R-targeted PET agent, 68 Ga-HBED-CC-exendin-4, with an older version, 68 Ga-NOTA-exendin-4, for locating insulinoma in patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
  • Both agents demonstrated 100% sensitivity, but 68 Ga-HBED-CC-exendin-4 had a lower tumor uptake value compared to 68 Ga-NOTA-exendin-4, although both maintained similar tumor-to-background ratios.
  • The new agent also showed a significant reduction in renal accumulation, potentially enhancing the detection of tumors located near the kidney.
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Article Synopsis
  • * A study was conducted on 9 patients with unexplained high insulin levels, where a calcium stimulation test helped target the insulinoma to specific areas of the pancreas, which standard imaging couldn't identify.
  • * Results showed increased insulin levels in 5 patients post-test, confirming the presence of insulinomas or nesidioblastosis in several cases, while some patients were treated medically instead of surgically.
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Article Synopsis
  • Multimodal treatments for metastatic insulinoma have shown improved survival rates, with some patients living significantly longer than the previously reported median of 2 years.* -
  • A study of 14 patients from 2006 to 2023 revealed that 7 patients survived between 1.2 to 12.3 years post-diagnosis, and their hypoglycemia was effectively managed.* -
  • The results suggest that combining various treatment methods can lead to better clinical outcomes, challenging earlier beliefs about the prognosis of patients with metastatic insulinoma.*
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Comparison of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) with traditional neuroendocrine markers in gastrointestinal and pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs).

Diagn Pathol

October 2024

Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, NO.134 East Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, P.R. China.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the expression of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) in gastrointestinal and pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), comparing it with traditional markers like synaptophysin (SYP), chromogranin A (CHGA), and CD56.
  • A total of 46 MiNEN cases were analyzed through immunohistochemical staining, revealing that all neuroendocrine components were carcinomas, with a majority classified as large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.
  • INSM1 showed an overall sensitivity of 80.4% and specificity of 91.3%, indicating that it is a promising diagnostic marker, especially
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Hypovascular insulinoma with reduced microvessel density on histopathology: a case report.

Diabetol Int

October 2024

Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • A 41-year-old man suspected of having insulinoma underwent various imaging tests, revealing a hypovascular tumor in the pancreas, which was ultimately diagnosed as a Grade 1 PanNET following surgery and pathology.
  • The tumor's low microvessel density (MVD) of 3.9% contributed to inconclusive imaging results, highlighting the need for thorough preoperative evaluations in cases of hypovascular PanNETs to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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A Long Way to Find a Small Tumor: The Hunt for an Insulinoma.

JCEM Case Rep

November 2024

Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India.

Article Synopsis
  • - A 35-year-old woman experienced recurrent hypoglycemia, leading to a diagnosis of insulinoma after several imaging tests failed to locate the tumor.
  • - A specialized imaging technique, Ga-Exendin-4 PET/CT scan, was used during her travels and successfully identified a tumor in the pancreas, confirmed by surgery.
  • - Following the removal of the tumor, the patient's blood sugar levels normalized, demonstrating the effectiveness of the imaging method and the need for access to advanced diagnostic facilities.
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The primary issues in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) through the transplantation of healthy islets or islet β-cells are graft rejection and a lack of available donors. Currently, the majority of approaches use cell encapsulation technology and transplant replacement cells that can release insulin to address transplant rejection and donor shortages. However, existing encapsulation materials merely serve as carriers for islet cell growth.

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