Safety and Experience With Combined Antiretroviral Prophylaxis in Newborn at High-risk of Perinatal HIV Infection, in a Cohort of Mother Living With HIV-infant Pairs.

Background: Perinatal transmission of HIV has dramatically decreased in high-income countries in the last few years with current rates below 1%, but it still occurs in high-risk situations, mainly pregnant women with late diagnosis of infection, poor antiretroviral adherence and a high viral load (VL). In these high-risk situations, many providers recommend combined neonatal prophylaxis (CNP). Our aim was to evaluate the safety and toxicity of CNP in infants deemed at high-risk of HIV infection among mother-infant pairs in the Madrid Cohort.

Antimicrobial effects of a new brushing solution concept on a multispecies in vitro biofilm model growing on titanium surfaces.

Objectives: To evaluate the antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of a new brushing solution concept, in a validated peri-implant biofilm model.

Materials And Methods: A multispecies in vitro biofilm model, including Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, was used. To evaluate the antibiofilm capacity, titanium discs (Ti-SLA) were immersed in 1 ml of the tested solution (one tablet dissolved in warm water) for 2 min, prior and every 24 h during a 3-day biofilm development.

Design and Rationale for a Real-World Prospective, Multicenter Registry of Myocardial Revascularization Failure and Secondary Revascularization: The REVASEC Study.

Aim: To investigate key aspects of the problem of myocardial revascularization failure (MRF) and repeat or secondary myocardial revascularization (SR) in contemporary practice.

Methods: The registry of secondary revascularization (REVASEC) is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective registry enhanced with data monitoring and independent event adjudication (ClinicalTrials.govNCT03349385).

Seizures in the Emergency Department: clinical and diagnostic data from a series of 153 patients.

Introduction: Seizures are a frequent reason for admission to emergency departments and require early, precise diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of a series of patients with seizures attended at our hospital's emergency department.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational study of all patients with seizures who were admitted to our hospital's emergency department and attended by the on-call neurology service between February and August 2017.

Cytokine profile in tear and aqueous humor of primary open-angle patients as a prognostic factor for trabeculectomy outcome.

Objective: To evaluate the cytokine profile in tear and aqueous humor in primary open-angle glaucoma before trabeculectomy and correlate preoperative cytokine levels with the surgical outcome.

Methods: Prospective study. Twenty-nine patients with primary open-angle glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy were included.

How proton transfer affects the helical parameters in DNA:DNA microhelices.

Proton transfer reactions are a widespread phenomenon in many areas of the life sciences and it is one of the origins of the spontaneous point mutations during DNA replication. Because of its importance, many studies have been reported on these reactions. However, the present work is the first one focused on the structural geometrical changes by double proton transfer (DPT).

Evaluation of the Effect of Hydroxyzine on Preoperative Anxiety and Anesthetic Adequacy in Children: Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Surgical procedures can generate significant preoperative anxiety (POA) in as much as 70% of the paediatric population. The role of hydroxyzine and distractive techniques such as clowns in the management of anxiety is controversial. Our main objective was to evaluate the effect of hydroxyzine on the control of POA.

Evaluation of Adherence to the Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Patients With Diabetic Foot Infection.

The knowledge about level of adherence to oral antibiotic treatment in diabetic patients with ulcer infection could be essential as a method of evaluation/monitoring of conservative treatment. To assess the adherence to oral antibiotic treatment in outpatients with diabetic foot infection (soft tissue vs. osteomyelitis) by 8-item structured, self-reported medication adherence scale.

Myopia progression and axial elongation in Spanish children: Efficacy of atropine 0.01% eye-drops.

Purpose: To assess myopia progression in Spanish children and whether treatment with low-dose atropine eye drops delays myopia progression and axial elongation.

Methods: 339 eyes of 339 Caucasian patients with myopia, aged 5 to 11 years, were examined. Participants were randomized to a treatment arm, receiving one atropine (0.

Early Levothyroxine Treatment for Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy: The St Carlos Gestational and Thyroid Protocol.

Unlabelled: The optimal maternal levels of thyroid hormones (TH) during the first trimester of gestation have not been established, nor has the ideal moment to initiate levothyroxine treatment (LT) to improve the evolution of gestation and fetal development. Cut-off points for Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) <2.5 µIU/mL and free thyroxine (FT4)>7.

Metformin reduces macrophage HIF1α-dependent proinflammatory signaling to restore brown adipocyte function in vitro.

Therapeutic potential of metformin in obese/diabetic patients has been associated to its ability to combat insulin resistance. However, it remains largely unknown the signaling pathways involved and whether some cell types are particularly relevant for its beneficial effects. M1-activation of macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes a paracrine activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in brown adipocytes which reduces insulin signaling and glucose uptake, as well as β-adrenergic sensitivity.

Amphilimus- vs. zotarolimus-eluting stents in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: the SUGAR trial.

Aim: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at high risk of adverse events after percutaneous revascularization, with no differences in outcomes between most contemporary drug-eluting stents. The Cre8 EVO stent releases a formulation of sirolimus with an amphiphilic carrier from laser-dug wells, and has shown clinical benefits in diabetes. We aimed to compare Cre8 EVO stents to Resolute Onyx stents (a contemporary polymer-based zotarolimus-eluting stent) in patients with diabetes.

Multimodal Imaging, OCT En Face, and OCT Angiography of an Anomalous Retinal Artery: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The purpose is to study for the first time the vascular plexuses and the retinal nerve fiber layer and raphe of a patient with a very uncommon anatomical variation: an anomalous retinal artery supplying the whole macula. We used multimodal imaging, en face spectral-domain optic coherence tomography, and spectral-domain optic coherence tomography angiography. One patient presented in his left eye a very unusual anatomical variation of macular vascularization.

Overcoming PLK1 inhibitor resistance by targeting mevalonate pathway to impair AXL-TWIST axis in colorectal cancer.

New therapeutic targets are revolutionizing colorectal cancer clinical management, opening new horizons in metastatic patients' outcome. Polo Like Kinase1 (PLK1) inhibitors have high potential as antitumoral agents, however, the emergence of drug resistance is a major challenge for their use in clinical practice. Overcoming this challenge represents a hot topic in current drug discovery research.

Respiratory muscle training improves exercise tolerance and respiratory muscle function/structure post-stroke at short term: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous reviews relating to the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) after stroke tend to focus on only one type of training (inspiratory or expiratory muscles) and most based the results on poor-quality studies (PEDro score ≤4).

Objectives: With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effects of RMT (inspiratory or expiratory muscle training, or mixed) on exercise tolerance, respiratory muscle function and pulmonary function and also the effects depending on the type of training performed at short- and medium-term in post-stroke.

Methods: Databases searched were MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science up to the end of April 2020.

Retinal and peripapillary vessel density increase in recovered COVID-19 children by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate retinal vascular changes in children who have recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to compare the results with age-matched healthy children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, children 6-18 years of age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with historic healthy controls. All participants underwent ophthalmological examination, including fundus photography and OCTA of the macular region and optic disk.

Healthy Habits and Emotional Balance in Women during the Postpartum Period: Differences between Term and Preterm Delivery.

Breastfeeding could be considered as a vulnerable period, rising the risk to shift from optimism to pessimism. Preterm delivery is an event that increases postpartum maternal stress and depression, which can have a negative impact on breastfeeding and maternal-filial wellbeing. The adherence to healthy habits may have a positive influence on this vulnerable population.

[Home and Ambulatory Artificial Nutrition (NADYA) Group report: home parenteral nutrition in Spain, 2019].

Aim: to communicate the home parenteral nutrition (HPN) data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2019.

Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile Differences between Primary Open-Angle and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma.

Introduction: Few studies have investigated glaucoma biomarkers in aqueous humor and tear and have found elevations of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG). In this study, we investigate differences in inflammatory cytokines between POAG and PXG patients to find specific disease biomarkers.

Methods: For this purpose, tear and aqueous humor samples of 14 eyes with POAG and 15 eyes with PXG undergoing cataract surgery were immunoassayed for 27 proinflammatory cytokines.

Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Is There Still a Debate?

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence on the current role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Recent Findings: Since the advent of systemic targeted therapies for mRCC treatment, the role of CN has been questioned. Several retrospective observational studies demonstrated a therapeutic benefit for CN, while recent prospective randomized trials have challenged this evidence.

7,8-Dihydroxiflavone Protects Adult Rat Axotomized Retinal Ganglion Cells through MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Activation.

Unlabelled: We analyze the 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF)/TrkB signaling activation of two main intracellular pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, in the neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Methods: Adult albino Sprague-Dawley rats received left intraorbital optic nerve transection (IONT) and were divided in two groups. One group received daily intraperitoneal DHF (5 mg/kg) and another vehicle (1%DMSO in 0.