Lamin A/C deficiency in CD4 T-cells enhances regulatory T-cells and prevents inflammatory bowel disease.

The mechanisms by which lamin A/C in CD4 T-cells control intestinal homeostasis and can cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unknown. Here, we explore lamin A/C in a mouse model of IBD. Adoptive transfer to Rag1 mice of Lmna CD4 T-cells, which have enhanced regulatory T-cells (Treg) differentiation and function, induced less severe IBD than wild-type T-cells.

Fluoroquinolones for the treatment of latent infection in liver transplantation.

Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the best treatment option for end-stage organ disease. Newer immunosuppressive agents have reduced the incidence of graft rejection but have increased the risk of infection, particularly due to the reactivation of latent infections due to opportunistic agents such as . Active tuberculosis (TB) after SOT is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.

Torque teno virus viremia in patients with chronic arthritis: Influence of biologic therapies.

Objective: Torque teno virus (TTV) is a highly prevalent non-pathogenic anellovirus whose plasma levels may be a biomarker of immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to assess whether specific immune-targeting with different biologic drugs may differentially modulate TTV viremia in arthritis patients.

Methods: TTV DNA load was quantified by PCR in a cross-sectional sample of 79 patients with chronic arthritis on biologic therapy (abatacept, infliximab, rituximab or tocilizumab), 31 patients treated with conventional DMARDs (methotrexate and/or leflunomide), and 54 healthy individuals.

Uncontrolled donation after circulatory death: ethics of implementation.

Purpose Of Review: Despite its potential to increase the donor pool, uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) is available in a limited number of countries. Ethical concerns may preclude the expansion of this program. This article addresses the ethical concerns that arise in the implementation of uDCD.

A short course of antibiotic treatment is safe after catheter withdrawal in catheter-related bloodstream infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.

CoNS is the main cause of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). Current guidelines recommend catheter withdrawal followed by antibiotics for at least 5 days. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a shorter course of antibiotherapy in patients with CoNS CRBSI.

Unprecedented Thiacalixarene Fucoclusters as Strong Inhibitors of Ebola cis-Cell Infection and HCMV-gB Glycoprotein/DC-SIGN C-type Lectin Interaction.

Glycan-protein interactions control numerous biological events from cell-cell recognition and signaling to pathogen host cell attachment for infections. To infect cells, some viruses bind to immune cells with the help of DC-SIGN (dendritic cell [DC]-specific ICAM3-grabbing nonintegrin) C-type lectin expressed on dendritic and macrophage cell membranes, via their envelope protein. Prevention of this infectious interaction is a serious therapeutic option.

Impact of cell-free fetal DNA on invasive prenatal diagnostic tests in a real-world public setting.

Objective To evaluate the impact of cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) test on the number of invasive tests carried out in a public hospital that does not include this test in its services. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study in singleton pregnancies with a high risk (>1:270) on the first-trimester screening for aneuploidies. The options of performing an invasive test or a cfDNA test were explained to all women, the latter being especially recommended to those with a 1:50-1:270 risk (Group 1).

Risk of infection associated with anti-TNF-α therapy.

The advent, more than two decades ago, of monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has revolutionized the therapeutic approach to otherwise difficult-to-treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, due to the pleiotropic functions played by this pro-inflammatory cytokine (with particular relevance in granuloma maintenance), TNF-α blockade may increase the incidence of serious infections. Areas covered: The present review summarizes the biological rationale supporting the impact of anti-TNF-α therapy on the host's susceptibility to infection.

Influence of emotional contexts on facial emotion attribution in schizophrenia.

Recent emotion recognition studies in schizophrenia have reported misattribution of emotional content to emotionally neutral faces. While in these studies faces are presented in the absence of any contextual reference, in daily life facial expressions are typically perceived within a specific situational context. However, there is no evidence on the possible modulatory role of contextual aids on emotion attribution to neutral faces.

Impact on mortality of adherence to evidence-based interventions in patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated improved survival when the management of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) is compliant with evidence-based therapeutic interventions. Whether this effect extends to low-risk sources, such as catheter-related BSI, remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively included 225 episodes of methicillin-sensitive S.

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infection in solid organ transplant recipients: implications for outcome and treatment.

Purpose Of Review: Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the best therapeutic option for both acute and chronic end-stage diseases. The development of more potent and safer immunosuppressants and the improvement of prophylactic practices have significantly diminished the morbidity and mortality associated with rejection and opportunistic infections. However, infections produced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) have recently emerged as a significant threat.

Clinical implementation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio to identify preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To analyze the usefulness of a clinical protocol for early detection of preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction (PE/FGR) using, in previously selected pregnancies, the measurement of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio at 24-28 weeks of gestation.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study carried out in a single tertiary hospital in Spain. 5601 consecutive singleton pregnancies with complete follow-up were included.

The Ras-related gene ERAS is involved in human and murine breast cancer.

Although Ras genes are frequently mutated in human tumors, these mutations are uncommon in breast cancer. However, many breast tumors show evidences of Ras pathway activation. In this manuscript, we have analyzed and characterized mouse mammary tumors generated by random Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis and identify ERAS -a member of the RAS family silenced in adult tissues- as a new gene involved in progression and malignancy of breast cancer.

Nanocarbon-Based Glycoconjugates as Multivalent Inhibitors of Ebola Virus Infection.

SWCNTs, MWCNTs, and SWCNHs have been employed as virus-mimicking nanocarbon platforms for the multivalent presentation of carbohydrates in an artificial Ebola virus infection model assay. These carbon nanoforms have been chemically modified by the covalent attachment of glycodendrons and glycofullerenes using the CuAAC "click chemistry" approach. This modification dramatically increases the water solubility of these structurally different nanocarbons.

Long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia in Spain.

Antipsychotics are an essential component in the treatment of schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable formulations (LAI) arose to improve adherence with the associated potential of reducing the risk of relapse. The objective of this article is to analyze the use of LAI antipsychotics in Spain, which is similar to other European countries but with a predominance of the use of second generation LAI, to discuss the possible causes of prescribing differences with respect to other countries (including organizational aspects, attitudes of psychiatrists, patients and family members, and clinical practice guidelines), and to discuss their use in acute psychiatric units, first episode, and in children and adolescents.

Kidney transplant from uncontrolled donation after circulatory death donors maintained by nECMO has long-term outcomes comparable to standard criteria donation after brain death.

Uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) increases organ availability for kidney transplant (KT) with short-term outcomes similar to those obtained from donation after brain death (DBD) donors. However, heterogeneous results in the long term have been reported. We compared 10-year outcomes between 237 KT recipients from uDCD donors maintained by normothermic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (nECMO) and 237 patients undergoing KT from standard criteria DBD donors during the same period at our institution.

T2MR contributes to the very early diagnosis of complicated candidaemia. A prospective study.

Objectives: Diagnosis of complicated candidaemia represents a challenge for clinicians since early clinical manifestations may be non-specific and difficult to identify, thus precluding an appropriate treatment.

Patients And Methods: This was a multicentre prospective study for predicting complicated episodes in patients with bloodstream infection caused by Candida species, while assessing the value of follow-up blood cultures (BCs) and the persistence of positive results for T2Candida MR (T2MR) and blood β-d-glucan (BDG) tests. Immediately after the first positive BC yielding Candida species, samples were obtained on days 0, +2, +4, +7 and +14, to simultaneously perform follow-up BC, T2MR and BDG.

Author Correction: Conventional CD4 T cells present bacterial antigens to induce cytotoxic and memory CD8 T cell responses.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author José María González-Granado, which was incorrectly given as José María Gozález-Granado. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Human-Avatar Symbiosis for the Treatment of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia through Virtual/Augmented Reality and Brain-Computer Interfaces.

This perspective paper faces the future of alternative treatments that take advantage of a social and cognitive approach with regards to pharmacological therapy of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in patients with schizophrenia. AVH are the perception of voices in the absence of auditory stimulation and represents a severe mental health symptom. Virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) and brain computer interfaces (BCI) are technologies that are growing more and more in different medical and psychological applications.