Pharyngeal Reconstruction Methods to Reduce the Risk of Pharyngocutaneous Fistula After Primary Total Laryngectomy: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: The most common early postoperative complication after total laryngectomy (TL) is pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF). Rates of PCF are higher in patients who undergo salvage TL compared with primary TL. Published meta-analyses include heterogeneous studies making the conclusions difficult to interpret.

Association between mediterranean diet and metal(loid) exposure in 4-5-year-old children living in Spain.

Even relatively low levels of metals exposure may impact health, particularly among vulnerable populations such as infants and young children. However, little is known about the interplay between simultaneous metal exposures, common in real-life scenarios, and their association with specific dietary patterns. In this study, we have evaluated the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and urinary metal concentrations individually and as an exposure mixture in 713 children aged 4-5-years from the INMA cohort study.

Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP): An aging- and disease-relevant "autophagy checkpoint".

Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is a phylogenetically ancient protein present in some eubacteria and the entire eukaryotic radiation. In several eukaryotic phyla, ACBP/DBI transcends its intracellular function in fatty acid metabolism because it can be released into the extracellular space. This ACBP/DBI secretion usually occurs in response to nutrient scarcity through an autophagy-dependent pathway.

Preventing occludin tight-junction disruption via inhibition of microRNA-193b-5p attenuates viral load and influenza-induced lung injury.

Virus-induced lung injury is associated with loss of pulmonary epithelial-endothelial tight junction integrity. While the alveolar-capillary membrane may be an indirect target of injury, viruses may interact directly and/or indirectly with miRs to augment their replication potential and evade the host antiviral defense system. Here, we expose how the influenza virus (H1N1) capitalizes on host-derived interferon-induced, microRNA (miR)-193b-5p to target occludin and compromise antiviral defenses.

Age-associated polyamines in peripheral blood cells and plasma in 20 to 70 years of age subjects.

Dietary polyamines have been associated with slowing ageing processes and various pathologies, raising the importance of establishing reference values at different ages throughout life. This study aimed to analyse age-dependent variations in polyamine content using peripheral blood cells and plasma in a healthy and homogeneous population. Peripheral blood of 193 volunteers of both sexes (20-70 years), selected by convenience, was processed to separate cells and plasma.

Chemo-Immunotherapy: A New Trend in Cancer Treatment.

Chemotherapy has been the basis of advanced cancer treatment for decades. This therapy has largely been considered immunosuppressive, yet accumulated preclinical and clinical evidence shows that certain chemotherapeutic drugs, under defined conditions, may stimulate antitumor immunity and potentiate immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy. Its effectiveness has been highlighted by recent regulatory approvals of various combinations of chemotherapy with ICIs in several tumors, particularly in some difficult-to-treat cancers.

Fatal sclerosing mesenteritis: a 7-year-old male autopsy case report.

Sclerosing Mesenteritis (SM) is a rare diagnosis, particularly in pediatric patients, and is typically non-fatal when appropriately treated. Although molecular and immunohistochemical alterations have been described, no pathognomonic signature has been identified for this entity. This report presents a case of a seven-year-old boy who suffered sudden cardiorespiratory arrest.

ALPL-1 is a target for chimeric antigen receptor therapy in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) remains a dismal malignancy in children and young adults, with poor outcome for metastatic and recurrent disease. Immunotherapies in OS are not as promising as in some other cancer types due to intra-tumor heterogeneity and considerable off-target expression of the potentially targetable proteins. Here we show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells could successfully target an isoform of alkaline phosphatase, ALPL-1, which is highly and specifically expressed in primary and metastatic OS.

Optimized De Novo Eriodictyol Biosynthesis in Using an Expansion of the Golden Standard Toolkit for Its Use in Actinomycetes.

Eriodictyol is a hydroxylated flavonoid displaying multiple pharmaceutical activities, such as antitumoral, antiviral or neuroprotective. However, its industrial production is limited to extraction from plants due to its inherent limitations. Here, we present the generation of a bacterial factory edited at the genome level for an optimized de novo heterologous production of eriodictyol.

Outcomes after intensive chemotherapy for secondary and myeloid-related changes acute myeloid leukemia patients aged 60 to 75 years old: a retrospective analysis from the PETHEMA registry.

Treatment options for patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) and AML with myeloid-related changes (AMLMRC) aged 60 to 75 years are scarce and unsuitable. A pivotal trial showed that CPX-351 improved complete remission with/without incomplete recovery (CR/CRi) and overall survival (OS) as compared with standard "3+7" regimens. We retrospectively analyze outcomes of 765 patients with sAML and AML-MRC aged 60 to 75 years treated with intensive chemotherapy, reported to the PETHEMA registry before CPX-351 became available.

Using staining as reference for spectral imaging: Its application for the development of an analytical method to predict the presence of bacterial biofilms.

At present, although spectral imaging is known to have a great potential to provide a massive amount of valuable information, the lack of reference methods remains as one of the bottlenecks to access the full capacity of this technique. This work aims to present a staining-based reference method with digital image treatment for spectral imaging, in order to propose a fast, efficient, contactless and non-invasive analytical method to predict the presence of biofilms. Spectral images of Pseudomonasaeruginosa biofilms formed on high density polyethylene coupons were acquired in visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) range between 400 and 1000 nm.

Uncovering the Cryptic Gene Cluster for 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoate Derived Ahbamycins, by Searching SARP Regulator Encoding Genes in the Genome.

Genome mining using standard bioinformatics tools has allowed for the uncovering of hidden biosynthesis gene clusters for specialized metabolites in genomes. In this work, we have used an alternative approach consisting in seeking " Antibiotic Regulatory Proteins" (SARP) encoding genes and analyzing their surrounding DNA region to unearth cryptic gene clusters that cannot be identified using standard bioinformatics tools. This strategy has allowed the unveiling of the new cluster in , which had not been retrieved before using antiSMASH.

Locoregional strategies to decrease postoperative pain and neck discomfort after open thyroidectomy: A scoping review.

Adequate pain control enhances patients' quality of life and allows a quick return to normal activities. Current pain management practices may contribute to the crisis of opioid addiction. We summarize the evidence that evaluates locoregional interventions to decrease pain and neck discomfort after thyroidectomy.

Repair of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 by Stromal Cells (REALIST-COVID Trial): A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may modulate inflammation, promoting repair in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We investigated the safety and efficacy of ORBCEL-C (CD362 [cluster of differentiation 362]-enriched, umbilical cord-derived MSCs) in COVID-19-related ARDS. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, allocation-concealed, placebo-controlled trial (NCT03042143), patients with moderate to severe COVID-19-related ARDS were randomized to receive ORBCEL-C (400 million cells) or placebo (Plasma-Lyte 148).

Maternal Supplementation with N-Acetylcysteine Modulates the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Offspring of the Poly I:C Rat Model of Schizophrenia.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a complex interconnected system altered in schizophrenia. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy to antipsychotics in clinical trials, but its role in the microbiota-gut-brain axis has not been sufficiently explored. We aimed to describe the effect of NAC administration during pregnancy on the gut-brain axis in the offspring from the maternal immune stimulation (MIS) animal model of schizophrenia.

Antitumor Activity and Reductive Stress by Platinum(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes based on Guanosine.

Platinum(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes based guanosine and caffeine have been synthesized by unassisted C-H oxidative addition, leading to the corresponding trans-hydride complexes. Platinum guanosine derivatives bearing triflate as counterion or bromide instead of hydride as co-ligand were also synthesized to facilitate correlation between structure and activity. The hydride compounds show high antiproliferative activity against all cell lines (TC-71, MV-4-11, U-937 and A-172).

Prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: Prospective cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption (AC) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess the utility of the AUDIT in HCC patients.

Methods: One hundred and two consecutive patients form our HCC monographic outpatient clinic visited between February and March 2022 were included. Patients with hepatic encephalopathy at the time of the interview, on the waiting list for liver transplantation and those undergoing post-transplant follow-up were excluded.

BTLA dysregulation correlates with poor outcome and diminished T cell-mediated antitumor responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) progressively develop marked immunosuppression, dampening innate and adaptive-driven antitumor responses. However, the underlying mechanisms promoting immune exhaustion are largely unknown. Herein, we provide new insights into the role of BTLA/HVEM axis promoting defects in T cell-mediated responses against leukemic cells.

Abrogation of stemness in osteosarcoma by the mithramycin analog EC-8042 is mediated by its ability to inhibit NOTCH-1 signaling.

Osteosarcomas are frequently associated to a poor prognosis and a modest response to current treatments. EC-8042 is a well-tolerated mithramycin analog that has demonstrated an efficient ability to eliminate tumor cells, including cancer stem cell subpopulations (CSC), in sarcomas. In transcriptomic and protein expression analyses, we identified NOTCH1 signaling as one of the main pro-stemness pathways repressed by EC-8042 in osteosarcomas.

Dissecting the functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts to therapeutically target head and neck cancer microenvironment.

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a diverse group of aggressive malignancies with high morbidity and mortality, leading to almost half-million deaths annually worldwide. A better understanding of the molecular processes governing tumor formation and progression is crucial to improve current diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as to develop more personalized treatment strategies. Tumors are highly complex and heterogeneous structures in which growth and dissemination is not only governed by the cancer cells intrinsic mechanisms, but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME).

Cold plasma and inhibition of STAT3 selectively target tumorigenicity in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant type of bone cancer that arises in periods of increased bone formation. Curative strategies for these types of tumors have remained essentially unchanged for decades and the overall survival for most advanced cases is still dismally low. This is in part due to the existence of drug resistant Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) with progenitor properties that are responsible for tumor relapse and metastasis.

Sedentary Behaviour and Telomere Length Shortening during Early Childhood: Evidence from the Multicentre Prospective INMA Cohort Study.

Sedentary behaviour (SB) may be related to telomere length (TL) attrition due to a possible pro-inflammatory effect. This study examined the association between parent-reported sedentary behaviour (SB) and leukocyte TL at the age of 4 and telomere tracking from 4 to 8 years. In the Spanish birth cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) project, we analysed data from children who attended follow-up visits at age 4 (n = 669) and 8 (n = 530).

Targeting oncogenic functions of miR-301a in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by PI3K/PTEN and MEK/ERK pathways.

Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide, remains challenging. miRNA dysregulation is closely linked to tumorigenesis and tumor progression, thus emerging as suitable targets for cancer treatment. Transcriptomic analysis of TCGA HNSCC dataset revealed that miR-301a expression levels significantly increased in primary tumors, as compared to patient-matched normal tissue.

Driving role of head and neck cancer cell secretome on the invasion of stromal fibroblasts: Mechanistic insights by phosphoproteomics.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major players in tumor-stroma communication, and participate in several cancer hallmarks to drive tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. This study investigates the driving effects of tumor-secreted factors on CAF biology, with the ultimate goal of identifying effective therapeutic targets/strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).

Methods: Functionally, conditioned media (CM) from different HNSCC-derived cell lines and normal keratinocytes (Kc) were tested on the growth and invasion of populations of primary CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) using 3D invasion assays in collagen matrices.