Differential psychophysiological responses associated with decision-making in children from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

This study examined how socioeconomic status (SES) influences on decision-making processing. The roles of anticipatory/outcome-related cardiac activity and awareness of task contingencies were also assessed. One hundred twelve children (M = 5.

Dexamethasone doses in patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The optimal dose of dexamethasone for severe/critical COVID-19 is uncertain. We compared higher versus standard doses of dexamethasone in adults with COVID-19 and hypoxia.

Methods: We searched PubMed and trial registers until 23 June 2023 for randomised clinical trials comparing higher (>6 mg) versus standard doses (6 mg) of dexamethasone in adults with COVID-19 and hypoxia.

Reverse triggering during mechanical ventilation: Diagnosis and clinical implications.

This review addresses the phenomenon of "reverse triggering", an asynchrony that occurs in deeply sedated patients or patients in transition from deep to light sedation. Reverse triggering has been reported to occur in 30-90% of all ventilated patients. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, but "entrainment" is proposed as one of them.

Failure of First Transition to Pressure Support Ventilation After Spontaneous Awakening Trials in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Influence of COVID-19.

Objectives: To describe the rate of failure of the first transition to pressure support ventilation (PSV) after systematic spontaneous awakening trials (SATs) in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and to assess whether the failure is higher in COVID-19 compared with AHRF of other etiologies. To determine predictors and potential association of failure with outcomes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Tirzepatide and prevention of chronic kidney disease.

Tirzepatide is a twincretin recently approved to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). More specifically, tirzepatide is an agonist of both the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptors. In recent clinical trials in persons with obesity or overweight with associated conditions, tirzepatide decreased body weight and other cardiorenal risk factors (blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin and albuminuria).

Incidence and case-fatality rate of stroke in General Villegas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The EstEPA population study.

Objectives: Stroke epidemiology varies among different populations. The burden of stroke is high in low- and middle-income countries. Reliable population data is needed to assess the impact of stroke and to develop policies aimed to improve stroke care in our region.

Cost-effectiveness in unstable economies: the case of sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in Argentina.

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan (an Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor-ARNI) is one of the cornerstones in the management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) having demonstrated significant reductions in both mortality and hospitalisations as compared with enalapril. It proved to be a cost-effective treatment in many countries with stable economies. In Argentina, a country with chronic financial instability and a fragmented health care system, the estimation of its cost-effectiveness requires to consider local financial data.

Direct Oral Anticoagulants: An Updated Systematic Review of Their Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Effectiveness and Safety in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Direct oral anticoagulants have been an increasingly used class of drugs in the setting of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, defying vitamin K antagonists' monopoly when it comes to anticoagulation due to its several limitations. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have entered the market as a noninferior and safer option in comparison with vitamin K antagonists, as their respective phase III clinical trials proved. The aim of this article was to update and summarize data on their clinical pharmacology and to review real-world data to know their comparative effectiveness and safety.

Real-world data meta-analysis: procedural success and clinical outcomes after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in South America.

Objective: To profile patients' characteristics, in-hospital results, and recurrence rates after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (RAAF) in South America.

Methods: We comprehensively searched for single-center studies from South America with ≥10 patients receiving RAAF, published or presented from January 1, 2010, through June 29, 2020, excluding those reports aimed to specific populations such as permanent atrial fibrillation, structural cardiopathies, or re-do procedures.

Results: Main pooled estimates from a random-effects meta-analysis that included 3909 patients from 27 cohorts (from 5 countries): a) Patients characteristics: age 57.

Dynamic Relative Regional Lung Strain Estimated by Electrical Impedance Tomography in an Experimental Model of ARDS.

Background: To analyze the role of PEEP on dynamic relative regional strain (DRRS) in a model of ARDS, respective maps were generated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT).

Methods: Eight ARDS pigs submitted to PEEP steps of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm HO at fixed ventilation were evaluated by EIT images. DRRS was calculated as (V/EELI)/(V/EELI), where the tidal volume (V) and end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) are the tidal and end-expiratory change in lung impedance, respectively.

Temporal Trends in Self-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in South America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate temporal trends in clinical presentation and short-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with self-expandable prostheses in South America through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data.

Methods: We comprehensively searched for articles published in peer-reviewed medical journals and for abstracts presented in medical conferences of the region from September 1, 2008, to June 29, 2020. We included single-center studies on self-expandable TAVR populations with ≥ 10 patients from South America.

Characterising COVID-19 empirical research production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A scoping review.

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has struck Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) particularly hard. One of the crucial areas in the international community's response relates to accelerating research and knowledge sharing. The aim of this article is to map and characterise the existing empirical research related to COVID-19 in LAC countries and contribute to identify opportunities for strengthening future research.

High- Versus Low-Dose Dexamethasone for the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter, Randomized Open-Label Clinical Trial.

Objective: To determine whether high-dose dexamethasone increases the number of ventilator-free days (VFD) among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, open-label, clinical trial.

Participants: Consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19-related ARDS were enrolled from June 17, 2020, to March 27, 2021, in four intensive care units (ICUs) in Argentina.

A 31-Year-Old Man With Seizures, Brain Lesion, and Lung Nodules.

A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a recent history of generalized seizures. Three months earlier, he started with intermittent hemoptysis. CT scan showed a cavitary lung lesion in the upper segment of the right inferior lobe (RIL).

Degree of concordance on the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. A study among specialists that are members of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología (SLNG).

Introduction And Aims: Due to its different clinical manifestations, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requires diverse diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of agreement among Latin American specialists, with respect to the management of GERD.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey with 42 statements (22 related to diagnosis and 20 to treatment) applied to 56 specialists from Latin America.

Autophagy Dysregulation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacological Interventions.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a frequent, potentially devastating complication of diabetes mellitus. Several factors are involved in its pathophysiology. At a cellular level, diabetic kidney disease is associated with many structural and functional alterations.

Degree of concordance on the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. A study among specialists that are members of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología (SLNG).

Introduction And Aims: Due to its different clinical manifestations, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requires diverse diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of concordance among Latin American specialists, with respect to the management of GERD.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey with 42 statements (22 related to diagnosis and 20 to treatment) applied to 56 specialists from Latin America.

Worldwide barriers to genetic testing for movement disorders.

Background And Purpose: Despite enormous advances in identifying genetic variants responsible for many neurological diseases, access to genetic testing may be limited in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess worldwide access to genetic tests for movement disorders and factors impacting their utilization.

Methods: The Rare Movement Disorders Study Group of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society designed an online survey electronically mailed to all 7815 members.

Pregnancy Complicated by the Most Frequent Forms of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young: A Narrative Review on Its Pharmacological Implications.

Background: Monogenic Diabetes (MFD) represents close to 2% of all the cases of diabetes diagnosed in people younger than 45 years old. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), neonatal diabetes, and several syndromic forms of diabetes are included among the most accounts for about typical forms of MDF. MODY is the most frequent type of MFD, with MODY 1, 2, 3, and 5 being the most prevalent forms.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Associated with Lichen Planus Pigmentosus: Not Only in Dark Phototypes.

The association between frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planus pigmetosus was first described in African women. Later, most reports about this association involved dark-skinned patients. Here, we describe 5 cases of frontal fibrosing alopecia associated with lichen planus pigmentosus in light-skinned women from Argentina.