MRI of early rectal cancer; bisacodyl micro-enema increases submucosal width, reader confidence, and tumor conspicuity.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of a micro-enema on diagnostic performance, submucosal width, reader confidence, and tumor conspicuity using MRI to stage early rectal cancers (ERC).

Methods: In this single-center study, we consecutively included 50 participants with assumed ERC who all completed MRI with (MRin) and without (MRex) a micro-enema. The diagnostic performance was recorded for two experienced radiologists using histopathology as the gold standard.

A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of CTC isolation methods in breast cancer.

The application of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as diagnostic and prognostic markers in oncology is gaining increasing importance in clinical practice. Currently, various methods exist for detecting CTCs in patients' biological fluids. This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of different techniques for isolating and detecting CTCs from blood, against the FDA-cleared CellSearch® technology, in breast cancer patients.

Increased adiposity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis - A comparison of the bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body composition.

Aim: Higher adiposity and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases have been reported in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but body composition measurements have produced inconsistent results. This controlled cross-sectional study assessed body composition with two methods to evaluate adiposity in children with JIA.

Methods: We measured body composition by dual- energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) from 79 JIA-patients in two Finish university hospitals in 2017-2019.

Early rectal cancer: The diagnostic performance of MRI supplemented with a rectal micro-enema and a modified staging system to identify tumors eligible for local excision.

Background: In staging early rectal cancers (ERC), submucosal tumor depth is one of the most important features determining the possibility of local excision (LE). The micro-enema (Bisacodyl) induces submucosal edema and may hypothetically improve the visualization of tumor depth.

Purpose: To test the diagnostic performance of MRI to identify ERC suitable for LE when adding a pre-procedural micro-enema and concurrent use of a modified classification system.

Comparative evaluation of slide scanners, scan settings, and cytopreparations for digital urine cytology.

Background: Acquiring well-focused digital images of cytology slides with scanners can be challenging due to the 3-dimensional nature of the slides. This study evaluates performances of whole-slide images (WSIs) obtained from 2 different cytopreparations by 2 distinct scanners with 3 focus modes.

Methods: Fourteen urine specimens were collected from patients with urothelial carcinoma.

Main problems experienced by the neighbors of open drug scenes, Tehran, Iran: a mixed-method study.

Background: Despite law enforcement and health interventions, open drug scenes have led to problems in many countries. The problems are, however, insufficiently explored. There are different types of drug scenes in Iran.

Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of thoracic epidural analgesia and rectus sheath block in laparoscopic abdominal surgery: A randomized controlled noninferiority trial.

Introduction: In the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program, abdominal wall blocks are strongly recommended as postoperative multimodal analgesia for laparoscopic abdominal surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of single-shot rectus sheath block (RSB) with that of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) as a method of multimodal analgesia in patients receiving conventional laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Methods: A noninferiority comparison was performed.

The mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress induced high blood pressure in rats: a proteomic and targeted metabolomic analysis.

Chronic stress, a leading factor for high blood pressure (BP) and even hypertension, affects health quality seriously. However, the management is rather difficult in our rapidly developing modern society, and the underlying mechanism that caused hypertension remains incompletely understood. In this study, we established a rat model of high BP induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).

Emodin activates BK channel in vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxes the interlobar renal artery of rat.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical and electrophysiological effects of emodin on BK channels in the IRASMCs, of the rat.

Methods: Isolated interlobar renal artery was used for vascular reactivity measurements using a pressure myograph system. Electrophysiological measurements of single vascular smooth muscle cells were conducted using whole-cell and cell-attached patch-clamp recording.

Evaluation of an artificial intelligence algorithm for assisting the Paris System in reporting urinary cytology: A pilot study.

Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) has been shown to improve bladder cancer diagnosis. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) may assist and improve the clinical workflow by applying TPS in routine diagnostic services.

Methods: A deep-learning-based algorithm was developed to identify urothelial cancer candidate cells using whole-slide images (WSIs).

Indicators of Drug-Related Community Impacts of Open Drug Scenes: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Places where people deal and/or use drugs publicly are known as open drug scenes (ODSs). Drug-related community impacts (DRCIs) refer to drug-related issues that negatively influence public and individual health, communities, businesses, and recreational and public space enjoyment. There are no well-established criteria for identification of DRCIs.

Completion total mesorectal excision following transanal endoscopic microsurgery does not compromise outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.

Background: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) represents a choice of treatment in patients with neoplastic lesions in the rectum. When TEM fails, completion total mesorectal excision (cTME) is often required. However, a concern is whether cTME increases the rate of abdominoperineal resections (APR) and is associated with higher risk of incomplete mesorectal fascia (MRF) resection.

Hereditary bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

A 42-year-old woman presented with hypertensive crisis and bilateral hydronephrosis. She has a strong family history of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is usually sporadic, unilateral, but inherited UPJO has also been reported.

Drug-related community issues and the required interventions in open drug scenes in Tehran, Iran: a qualitative study protocol.

Background And Objectives: Many low-income and middle-income countries experience problems with open drug scenes and drug-related community issues (DRCIs). These experiences occur in settings with varying levels of health and law enforcement initiatives, and accordingly a range of approaches are implemented to curb the problem. Most of the published literature stems from Western and high-income societies.

Myocardial performance index by tissue Doppler echocardiography predicts adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Aims: The prognostic value of myocardial performance index (MPI) has not yet been assessed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MPI by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) M-mode in AF patients.

Methods And Results: Echocardiograms from 210 patients with AF during examination were analysed offline.

Covered stent versus bare-metal stents for chronic total occluded long complicated femoropopliteal lesions: A 2-year single center review.

Background: To compare the efficacy, safety, and results of Viabahn versus bare-metal stents (BMS) in chronic total occluded (CTO) long femoropopliteal lesions.

Methods: From April 2009 to August 2014, a total 97 patients (71.2 ± 9.

Systemic proinflammation after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was correlated to the gut microbiome in HIV-uninfected humans.

Background: The dysbiosis of gut microbiome and interaction with host immunity after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection are under investigation. We had found fatigue symptom concurrent with dysbiosis by decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in active tuberculosis (TB). The study aims to assess the inflammatory biomarkers and their interaction with gut microbiome in active TB and latent TB infection before starting anti-TB regimens.

Panel-Based Next-Generation Sequencing for the Diagnosis of Cholestatic Genetic Liver Diseases: Clinical Utility and Challenges.

Objective: To test the application of a target enrichment next-generation sequencing (NGS) jaundice panel in genetic diagnosis of pediatric liver diseases.

Study Design: We developed a capture-based target enrichment NGS jaundice panel containing 42 known disease-causing genes associated with jaundice or cholestasis and 10 pathway-related genes. During 2015-2017, 102 pediatric patients with various forms of cholestasis or idiopathic liver diseases were tested, including patients with initial diagnosis of cholestasis in infancy, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, syndromic cholestasis, Wilson disease, and others.

Regulation of the NRG1/ErbB4 Pathway in the Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System Is a Potential Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation.

The NRG1/ErbB4 signaling mechanism has been widely studied in the central nervous system for many years. However, the role of this pathway in modulating the intrinsic cardiac nervous system is largely unknown. The present study investigated whether the NRG1/ErbB4 signaling system affects the activity of major atrial ganglionated plexi (GP) in a paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) model by 6-h rapid atrial pacing (RAP).

Malignant colorectal polyps: endoscopic polypectomy and watchful waiting is not inferior to subsequent bowel resection. A nationwide propensity score-based analysis.

Background And Aims: The optimal treatment of patients with malignant colorectal polyps is unsettled. The surgical dilemma following polypectomy is selecting between watchful waiting (WW) and subsequent bowel resection (SBR), but the long-term survival outcomes have not been established yet. This nationwide study compared survival of patients after WW or SBR.

Risk of Stroke in Patients With Short-Run Atrial Tachyarrhythmia.

Background And Purpose: The risk of stroke in patients with short-run atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between short-run AT and the stroke and the use of the CHADS-VASc score for the risk stratification.

Methods: From the registry of 24-hour Holter monitoring, 5342 subjects without known atrial fibrillation or stroke were enrolled.