Investigating sensitivity to multi-domain prediction errors in chronic auditory phantom perception.

The perception of a continuous phantom in a sensory domain in the absence of an external stimulus is explained as a maladaptive compensation of aberrant predictive coding, a proposed unified theory of brain functioning. If this were true, these changes would occur not only in the domain of the phantom percept but in other sensory domains as well. We confirm this hypothesis by using tinnitus (continuous phantom sound) as a model and probe the predictive coding mechanism using the established local-global oddball paradigm in both the auditory and visual domains.

The enigma of infra-slow fluctuations in the human EEG.

Spontaneous Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISFs) of the human EEG (EEG-ISFs) were discovered 60 years ago when appropriate amplifiers for their recordings were designed. To avoid skin-related artifacts the recording of EEG-ISFs required puncturing the skin under the electrode. In the beginning of the 21st century the interest in EEG-ISFs was renewed with the appearance of commercially available DC-coupled amplified and by observation of ISFs of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging signal at a similar frequency.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury patients.

The aim of this review is to discuss the basic forms of neuropsychological rehabilitation for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). More broadly, we discussed cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) which constitutes a fundamental component in therapeutic interaction at many centres worldwide. Equally presented is a comprehensive model of rehabilitation, the fundamental component of which is CRT.

Differentiation of neuronal operations in latent components of event-related potentials in delayed match-to-sample tasks.

The goal of this study was to decompose ERPs into latent components associated with hypothetical processes of category discrimination, comparison to working memory and action-related operations. In five variants of the delayed match-to-sample s1-s2 task, instructions were varied for manipulation of the processes. The blind source separation was applied to the collection of ERPs.

Neurofeedback training for peak performance.

Aim: One of the applications of the Neurofeedback methodology is peak performance in sport. The protocols of the neurofeedback are usually based on an assessment of the spectral parameters of spontaneous EEG in resting state conditions. The aim of the paper was to study whether the intensive neurofeedback training of a well-functioning Olympic athlete who has lost his performance confidence after injury in sport, could change the brain functioning reflected in changes in spontaneous EEG and event related potentials (ERPs).

Neuropsychological parameters indexing executive processes are associated with independent components of ERPs.

Lesion studies have indicated that at least the three executive processes can be differentiated in the frontal lobe: Energization, monitoring and task setting. Event related potentials (ERPs) in Go/NoGo tasks have been widely used in studying executive processes. In this study, ERPs were obtained from EEG recorded during performance of a cued Go/NoGo task.

Group Independent Component Analysis (gICA) and Current Source Density (CSD) in the study of EEG in ADHD adults.

Objective: To investigate the performance of the spectral analysis of resting EEG, Current Source Density (CSD) and group independent components (gIC) in diagnosing ADHD adults.

Methods: Power spectra of resting EEG, CSD and gIC (19 channels, linked ears reference, eyes open/closed) from 96 ADHD and 376 healthy adults were compared between eyes open and eyes closed conditions, and between groups of subjects.

Results: Pattern of differences in gIC and CSD spectral power between conditions was approximately similar, whereas it was more widely spatially distributed for EEG.

Discriminating between ADHD adults and controls using independent ERP components and a support vector machine: a validation study.

Background: There are numerous event-related potential (ERP) studies in relation to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and a substantial number of ERP correlates of the disorder have been identified. However, most of the studies are limited to group differences in children. Independent component analysis (ICA) separates a set of mixed event-related potentials into a corresponding set of statistically independent source signals, which are likely to represent different functional processes.

Dissociating action inhibition, conflict monitoring and sensory mismatch into independent components of event related potentials in GO/NOGO task.

The anterior N2 and P3 waves of event related potentials (ERPs) in the GO/NOGO paradigm in trials related to preparatory set violations in previous studies were inconsistently associated either with action inhibition or conflict monitoring operations. In the present study a paired stimulus GO/NOGO design was used in order to experimentally control the preparatory sets. Three variants of the same stimulus task manipulated sensory mismatch, action inhibition and conflict monitoring operations by varying stimulus-response associations.

Classification of ADHD patients on the basis of independent ERP components using a machine learning system.

Background: In the context of sensory and cognitive-processing deficits in ADHD patients, there is considerable evidence of altered event related potentials (ERP). Most of the studies, however, were done on ADHD children. Using the independent component analysis (ICA) method, ERPs can be decomposed into functionally different components.

Independent component approach to the analysis of EEG recordings at early stages of depressive disorders.

Objective: A modern approach for blind source separation of electrical activity represented by Independent Components Analysis (ICA) was used for QEEG analysis in depression.

Methods: The spectral characteristics of the resting EEG in 111 adults in the early stages of depression and 526 non-depressed subjects were compared between groups of patients and healthy controls using a combination of ICA and sLORETA methods.

Results: Comparison of the power of independent components in depressed patients and healthy controls have revealed significant differences between groups for three frequency bands: theta (4-7.

EEG power spectra at early stages of depressive disorders.

In previous quantitative EEG studies of depression, mostly patients with a lifetime history of depressive disorders were reported. This study examined quantitative EEG parameters obtained in the early stages of depression in comparison with age-matched healthy controls. EEG was recorded using two different montages in eyes closed and eyes open resting states.

Decomposing N2 NOGO wave of event-related potentials into independent components.

Inconsistencies in previous attempts to localize the N2 wave in the GO/NOGO task led to the present investigation. The inconsistencies were probably because of heterogeneity of psychological operations involved in GO/NOGO tasks. We applied the independent component analysis to a collection of individual event-related potentials in response to GO and NOGO cues in the two stimulus visual GO/NOGO task.

ERPs correlates of EEG relative beta training in ADHD children.

Eighty-six children (ages 9-14) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in this study. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in auditory GO/NOGO task before and after 15-22 sessions of EEG biofeedback. Each session consisted of 20 min of enhancing the ratio of the EEG power in 15-18 Hz band to the EEG power in the rest of spectrum, and 7-10 min of enhancing of the ratio of the EEG power in 12-15 Hz to the EEG power in the rest of spectrum with C3-Fz electrodes' placements for the first protocol and C4-Pz for the second protocol.

Somatosensory event-related potential changes to painful stimuli during hypnotic analgesia: anterior cingulate cortex and anterior temporal cortex intracranial recordings.

The present study examined neurophysiological correlates of pain and pain control by recording intracranial somatosensory event-related potentials (SERPs) to painful cutaneous stimuli in two female patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder bearing multiple intracranial electrodes during conditions of (a) attention and (b) hypnotically suggested analgesia. Intracranial electrodes were located in the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, temporal cortex, and parietal cortex. No changes were observed in the SERPs of the hypnotically unresponsive patient.

Mismatch negativity to auditory stimulus change recorded directly from the human temporal cortex.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential (ERP) component elicited by any discernible change in a repetitive sound even in the absence of attention. Previous studies have established that MMN is generated by change detection in a process comparing the deviant sensory input with the neural memory trace encoding the physical features of the repetitive sound. In the present study, we recorded MMNs to tonal frequency changes directly from the human temporal cortex of patients with electrodes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and therapy.