Spatial Cellular Networks from omics data with SpaCeNet.

Advances in omics technologies have allowed spatially resolved molecular profiling of single cells, providing a window not only into the diversity and distribution of cell types within a tissue, but also into the effects of interactions between cells in shaping the transcriptional landscape. Cells send chemical and mechanical signals which are received by other cells, where they can subsequently initiate context-specific gene regulatory responses. These interactions and their responses shape the individual molecular phenotype of a cell in a given microenvironment.

A 'double-edged' role for type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in pain disclosed by light-sensitive drugs.

We used light-sensitive drugs to identify the brain region-specific role of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the control of pain. Optical activation of systemic JF-NP-26, a caged, normally inactive, negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of mGlu5 receptors, in cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices and thalamus inhibited neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Systemic treatment of alloswitch-1, an intrinsically active mGlu5 receptor NAM, caused analgesia, and the effect was reversed by light-induced drug inactivation in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, and thalamus.

Neuromodulatory co-expression in cardiac vagal motor neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

Vagal innervation is well known to be crucial to the maintenance of cardiac health, and to protect and recover the heart from injury. Only recently has this role been shown to depend on the activity of the underappreciated dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). By combining neural tracing, transcriptomics, and anatomical mapping in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, we characterize cardiac-specific neuronal phenotypes in the DMV.

Divergent effects of itaconate isomers on growth in macrophages and in axenic culture.

Aconitate decarboxylase-1 (ACOD1) is expressed by activated macrophages and generates itaconate that exerts anti-microbial and immunoregulatory effects. ACOD1-itaconate is essential for macrophage-mediated control of the intracellular pathogen , which causes Q fever. Two isomers of itaconate, mesaconate and citraconate, have overlapping yet distinct activity on macrophage metabolism and inflammatory gene expression.

The endolysosomal system in conventional and unconventional protein secretion.

Most secreted proteins are transported through the "conventional" endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus exocytic route for their delivery to the cell surface and release into the extracellular space. Nonetheless, formative discoveries have underscored the existence of alternative or "unconventional" secretory routes, which play a crucial role in exporting a diverse array of cytosolic proteins outside the cell in response to intrinsic demands, external cues, and environmental changes. In this context, lysosomes emerge as dynamic organelles positioned at the crossroads of multiple intracellular trafficking pathways, endowed with the capacity to fuse with the plasma membrane and recognized for their key role in both conventional and unconventional protein secretion.

Diffuse low-grade glioma: What is the optimal linear measure to assess tumor growth?

Background: Radiological follow-up of diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs) growth is challenging. Approximative visual assessment still predominates over objective quantification due to the complexity of the pathology. The infiltrating character, diffuse borders and presence of surgical cavities demand LGG-based linear measurement rules to efficiently and precisely assess LGG evolution over time.

Study of the RNA splicing kinetics via in vivo 5-EU labeling.

Splicing is an important step of gene expression in all eukaryotes. Splice sites might be used with different efficiency, giving rise to alternative splicing products. At the same time, splice sites might be used at a variable rate.

Mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis: new insights into tuft cell functions.

Symbiosis between the host and intestinal microbial communities is essential for human health. Disruption in this symbiosis is linked to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Unbalanced gut microbiome or gut dysbiosis contributes in multiple ways to disease frequency, severity and progression.

Prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment-management of cerebral venous thrombosis associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A combined case-series and systematic literature review approach.

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Therefore, its correct diagnosis and the corresponding optimal treatment-management identification remains challenging.

Methods: Over the last 10 years, 300 patients received a definite SIH diagnosis at our stroke center.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right inferior parietal lobe on the body image perception in anorexia nervosa: A pilot randomized controlled study.

Introduction: Restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with distorted perception of body shape, previously linked to hypoactivity and reduced excitability of the right inferior parietal lobe (rIPL). Here, we investigated the impact of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF rTMS) of the rIPL on body shape perception in patients with AN.

Methods: Seventeen patients with AN (median [Q1_Q3] age, 35 [27_39] years; disease duration, 12 [6_18] years) were randomly assigned to receive real or sham HF (10 Hz) rTMS of the rIPL over a period of 2 weeks, comprising 10 sessions.

Comparative analysis of anticholinergic burden scales to explain iatrogenic cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: results from the multicenter FACE-SZ cohort.

Aim: The anticholinergic properties of medications are associated with poorer cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Numerous scales have been developed to assess anticholinergic burden and yet, there is no consensus indicating which anticholinergic burden scale is more relevant for patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to identify valid scales for estimating the risk of iatrogenic cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Correction: Fadil et al. Isotope Ratio Outlier Analysis (IROA) for HPLC-TOFMS-Based Metabolomics of Human Urine. 2022, , 741.

It was pointed out to us that we had not followed exactly the IROA TruQuant IQQ Workflow Kit protocol in the experimental part of our work [...

Parvalbumin gates chronic pain through the modulation of firing patterns in inhibitory neurons.

Spinal cord dorsal horn inhibition is critical to the processing of sensory inputs, and its impairment leads to mechanical allodynia. How this decreased inhibition occurs and whether its restoration alleviates allodynic pain are poorly understood. Here, we show that a critical step in the loss of inhibitory tone is the change in the firing pattern of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons (PVNs).

Neto proteins differentially modulate the gating properties of NMJ glutamate receptors.

The formation of functional synapses requires co-assembly of ion channels with their accessory proteins which controls where, when, and how neurotransmitter receptors function. The auxiliary protein Neto modulates the function of kainate-type glutamate receptors in vertebrates as well as at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a glutamatergic synapse widely used for genetic studies on synapse development. We previously reported that Neto is essential for the synaptic recruitment and function of glutamate receptors.

Development of examination objectives for the Korean paramedic and emergency medical technician examination: a survey study.

Purpose: The duties of paramedics and emergency medical technicians (P&EMTs) are continuously changing due to developments in medical systems. This study presents evaluation goals for P&EMTs by analyzing their work, especially the tasks that new P&EMTs (with less than 3 years’ experience) find difficult, to foster the training of P&EMTs who could adapt to emergency situations after graduation.

Methods: A questionnaire was created based on prior job analyses of P&EMTs.

Challenges and Opportunities in Awake Craniotomy for Brain Tumor Surgery in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review and Perspective.

Background: Low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are presented with unique challenges and opportunities when performing awake craniotomy (AC) for brain tumors. These circumstances arise from factors that are financial, infrastructural, educational, personnel, and sociocultural in nature.

Methods: We performed a systematic narrative review of series on AC for intra-axial brain tumors in LICs/LMICs using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in these settings.

Adult transverse sinus capillary hemangioma: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Adult intracranial capillary hemangioma (ICH) is an extremely rare disease with very few cases reported in the literature. Natural history is poorly understood and therapeutic management has not been clearly defined.

Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed all published adult cases of ICH, to which we added our own case.