Screening of CIMMYT and South Asian Bread Wheat Germplasm Reveals Marker-Trait Associations for Seedling Resistance to Septoria Nodorum Blotch.

Wheat ( L.) production is adversely impacted by Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), a fungal disease caused by . Wheat breeders are constantly up against this biotic challenge as they try to create resistant cultivars.

Identification of crucial metabolites in colored grain wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) regulated by nitrogen application.

Colored wheats have drawn attention due to their nutritional compounds. However, limited information is obtained on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on crucial metabolites and grain quality of wheats with different color grain. In the study, the pot experiment was conducted with white (W), blue (B), and purple (P) grain wheats treated with three levels of N (LN, 0 g kg; MN, 0.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Preharvest Sprouting in Wheat.

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is widely used to characterize genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with preharvest sprouting and seed dormancy. GWAS can identify both previously discovered and novel QTLs across diverse genetic panels. The high-throughput SNP arrays or next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of numerous genetic markers, thereby significantly enhancing the resolution of GWAS.

GWAS elucidated grain yield genetics in Indian spring wheat under diverse water conditions.

Underpinned natural variations and key genes associated with yield under different water regimes, and identified genomic signatures of genetic gain in the Indian wheat breeding program. A novel KASP marker for TKW under water stress was developed and validated. A comprehensive genome-wide association study was conducted on 300 spring wheat genotypes to elucidate the natural variations associated with grain yield and its eleven contributing traits under fully irrigated, restricted water, and simulated no water conditions.

[Effects of Different Proportions of Ammonium Sulfate Replacing Urea on Soil Nutrients and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities].

In order to investigate the effects of ammonium sulfate, an industrial by-product, on soil nutrients and microbial community when applied in different proportions instead of using urea as nitrogen fertilizer, a pot corn experiment was conducted. A completely randomized block experimental design was used, with a total of five treatments:CK (no fertilization), US (100 % urea), US (80 % urea + 20 % ammonium sulfate), US(60 % urea + 40 % ammonium sulfate), and US (100 % ammonium sulfate). The basic physical and chemical properties of soil and the dry weight of maize plants were determined by conventional methods, and microbial sequencing was performed using the Illumina NovaSeq platform.

Epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants.

Plants face a wide array of challenges in their environment, both from living organisms (biotic stresses) and non-living factors (abiotic stresses). Among the major abiotic stressors affecting crop plants, variations in temperature, water availability, salinity, and cold pose significant threats to crop yield and the quality of produce. Plants possess remarkable adaptability and resilience, and they employ a range of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to respond and cope with abiotic stresses.

Development, characterization, and evaluation of Zn-SA-chitosan bionanoconjugates on wheat seed, experiencing chilling stress during germination.

This study aimed to develop and characterize the chitosan bionanoconjugates (BNCs) loaded with zinc (Zn) and salicylic acid (SA) and test their efficacy on wheat seed exposed to chilling stress. BNCs developed were spherical (480 ± 6.0 nm), porous, and positively charged (+25.

Impact of foliar application of iron and zinc fertilizers on grain iron, zinc, and protein contents in bread wheat ( L.).

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are prevalent in a large part of the human population across the world, especially in children below 5 years of age and pregnant women in developing countries. Since wheat constitutes a significant proportion of the human diet, improving grain Fe and Zn content in wheat has become important in improving human health.

Objective: This study aimed to quantify the effect of foliar application of iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO.

Molecular identification and characterizations of rhizobacterial isolates collected from lentil rhizosphere of Indo-gangetic plains.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are also known to colonize in the soil rhizosphere and prevent the development of other soil borne pathogens residing in the root surface. These microorganisms play a vital role in growth and development of the plant and also enhances the soil fertility by enriching the soil with different beneficial nutrients. This study was aimed at isolation of different rhizobacteria and their molecular characterization in search of efficient bacterial strains with multiple growth regulating activities.

Deciphering the Genomic Landscape and Virulence Mechanisms of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Pathogen f. sp. Wtn1: Insights from Integrated Genome Assembly and Conidial Transcriptomics.

A high-quality genome sequence from an Indian isolate of f. sp. Wtn1, a persistent threat in wheat farming, was obtained using a hybrid method.

Genome-wide expression analysis of novel heat-responsive microRNAs and their targets in contrasting wheat genotypes at reproductive stage under terminal heat stress.

Introduction: Heat stress at terminal stage of wheat is critical and leads to huge yield losses worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) play significant regulatory roles in gene expression associated with abiotic and biotic stress at the post-transcriptional level.

Methods: In the present study, we carried out a comparative analysis of miRNAs and their targets in flag leaves as well as developing seeds of heat tolerant (RAJ3765) and heat susceptible (HUW510) wheat genotypes under heat stress and normal conditions using small RNA and degradome sequencing.

Beta-Glucan as a Soluble Dietary Fiber Source: Origins, Biosynthesis, Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Bioavailability, Biofunctional Attributes, Industrial Utilization, and Global Trade.

This paper explores the multifaceted nature of β-glucan, a notable dietary fiber (DF) with extensive applications. Beginning with an in-depth examination of its intricate polysaccharide structure, the discussion extends to diverse sources like oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast, emphasizing their unique compositions. The absorption and metabolism of β-glucan in the human body are scrutinized, emphasizing its potential health benefits.

Postharvest handling of ethylene with oxidative and absorptive means.

Unlabelled: Fruit ripening is an unfolding of a series of genetically-programmed modifications and tend to be highly orchestrated irrevocable phenomenon mediated by ethylene. Phytohormone ethylene also leads to over-ripening, senescence, loss of texture, microbial attack, reduced post-harvest life and other associated problems during storage and transportation of fruits. Its harmful impacts on fresh fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals result in substantial product losses even up to 80%.

Unravelling the novel genetic diversity and marker-trait associations of corn leaf aphid resistance in wheat using microsatellite markers.

The study was conducted to identify novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with resistance to corn aphid (CLA), Rhopalosiphum maidis L. in 48 selected bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild wheat (Aegilops spp.

AMR Threat Perception Assessment of Heterotrophic Bacteria From Shrimp Aquaculture Through Epidemiological Cut off Values.

Background: Emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance is one of the major risks associated with the rampant usage of antibiotics in food-producing animals including aquaculture.

Objective: To determine Epidemiological Cut-OFF (ECOFF) values of heterotrophic bacterial populations from shrimp culture environments against five different antibiotics.

Methods: In this present study, bacterial samples were isolated from Penaeus vannamei culture environment in different locations of Andhra Pradesh, which is the aquaculture hub of India.

Exploring the genotype-environment interaction of bread wheat in ambient and high-temperature planting conditions: a rigorous investigation.

The current study is carried out to find out the stable wheat genotype in ambient and high temperature planting conditions. The objective was to estimate the genotype x environment interactions through various univariates and multivariate techniques. Twenty wheat genotypes were evaluated at Jabalpur, Narmadapuram, and Sagar districts of Madhya Pradesh, India, across cropping years 2019-20 and 2021-21, considering both timely and late planting conditions.

Emergence of multidrug resistant, ctx negative seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor sequence type (ST) 69 in coastal water of Kerala, India.

Seventh pandemic Vibrio choleare O1 El Tor strain is responsible for the on-going pandemic outbreak of cholera globally. This strain evolved from non-pathogenic V. cholerae by acquiring seventh pandemic gene (VC 2346), pandemic Islands (VSP1 and VSP2), pathogenicity islands (VP1 and VP2) and CTX prophage region.

RNA-Seq-Based WGCNA and Association Analysis Reveal the Key Regulatory Module and Genes Responding to Salt Stress in Wheat Roots.

Soil salinization is the main abiotic stressor faced by crops. An improved understanding of the transcriptional response to salt stress in roots, the organ directly exposed to a high salinity environment, can inform breeding strategies to enhance tolerance and increase crop yield. Here, RNA-sequencing was performed on the roots of salt-tolerant wheat breeding line CH7034 at 0, 1, 6, 24, and 48 h after NaCl treatment.

Critical assessment of wheat biofortification for iron and zinc: a comprehensive review of conceptualization, trends, approaches, bioavailability, health impact, and policy framework.

Addressing global hidden hunger, particularly in women of childbearing age and children under five, presents a significant challenge, with a focus on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency. Wheat, a staple crop in the developing world, is crucial for addressing this issue through biofortification efforts. While extensive research has explored various approaches to enhance Fe and Zn content in wheat, there remains a scarcity of comprehensive data on their bioavailability and impact on human and animal health.

Genome-wide association mapping for field spot blotch resistance in South Asian spring wheat genotypes.

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana ((Sacc.) Shoemaker) (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus [Ito and Kuribayashi] Drechsler ex Dastur) is an economically important disease of warm and humid regions. The present study focused on identifying resistant genotypes and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with spot blotch resistance in a panel of 174 bread spring wheat lines using field screening and genome-wide association mapping strategies.

Advances in RNA Interference for Plant Functional Genomics: Unveiling Traits, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing across diverse organisms. This review delves into the role of RNAi in plant functional genomics and its applications in crop improvement, highlighting its mechanistic insights and practical implications. The review begins with the foundational discovery of RNAi's mechanism, tracing its origins from petunias to its widespread presence in various organisms.