An orphan viral genome with unclear evolutionary status sheds light on a distinct lineage of flavi-like viruses infecting plants.

Advancements in high-throughput sequencing and associated bioinformatics methods have significantly expanded the RNA virus repertoire, including novel viruses with highly divergent genomes encoding "orphan" proteins that apparently lack homologous sequences. This absence of homologs in routine sequence similarity search complicates their taxonomic classification and raises a fundamental question: Do these orphan viral genomes represent viruses? In 2022, an orphan viral genome encoding a large polyprotein was identified in alfalfa () and thrips (), and named Snake River alfalfa virus (SRAV). SRAV was initially proposed as an uncommon flavi-like virus identified in a plant host distantly related to family .

Identification and Analysis of Circular RNAs in Mammary Gland from Yaks Between Lactation and Dry Period.

Lactation is a complex physiological process regulated by numerous genes and factors. Circular RNA (circRNA), a non-coding RNA, acts as a molecular sponge that sequesters microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate target gene expression. Although circRNA has been linked to mammary gland lactation, its specific role in yaks remains underexplored.

Analysis of printing temperature effect on texture modification: Potential of soy protein isolate-based bigel for swallowing-friendly food.

This work prepared the soy protein isolate (SPI)-beeswax-based bigel loaded with β-carotene, and the effect of printing temperature (PT) on texture regulation was investigated. During printing, increasing PT weakened the rheological properties and printability of ink. However, the mechanical strength and deformation resistance at non-linear regions of products were strengthened after printing.

Human ANP32A/B are SUMOylated and utilized by avian influenza virus NS2 protein to overcome species-specific restriction.

Human ANP32A/B (huANP32A/B) poorly support the polymerase activity of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), thereby limiting interspecies transmission of AIVs from birds to humans. The SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) within NS2 promotes the adaptation of AIV polymerase to huANP32A/B via a yet undisclosed mechanism. Here we show that huANP32A/B are SUMOylated by the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS2α, and deSUMOylated by SENP1.

Cotton Metabolism Regulatory Network: unraveling key genes and pathways in fiber development and growth regulation.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the world's most important commercial crops. However, the dynamics of metabolite abundance and the potential regulatory networks throughout its life cycle remain poorly understood.

Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Current diagnostic methods for BVDV exhibit variable sensitivity and specificity, underscoring the need for more rapid and accurate detection approaches. Here, we developed a novel competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect antibodies against the BVDV E2 protein.

Lnc-MEG8 regulates yak myoblast differentiation via the miR-22-3p/RTL1 axis.

Background: The yak (Bos grunniens) is essential to the livelihoods of Tibetan people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; however, its growth and productivity are constrained by the region's harsh climate and high altitude. Yak skeletal muscle myoblasts, which have evolved to thrive under these challenging conditions, offer a valuable model for investigating muscle development. In this study, we performed transcriptome profiling of yak longissimus dorsi muscle at different growth stages, identifying a key long non-coding RNA, LncRNA-XR_314844 (Lnc-MEG8), with a potential role in muscle development.

Identification and Characterization of Linear Epitopes of Monoclonal Antibodies Against African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 1 VP2 Protein.

African horse sickness (AHS) is an acute, fatal, contagious disease of animals of the family Equidae and is caused by infection with the African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Based on the outer capsid protein VP2, AHSV is classified into nine serotypes (AHSV-1 to -9) with little or no serological cross-reactivity between them. In 2020, AHS outbreaks caused by AHSV-1 were reported in Thailand and Malaysia, marking the first occurrences of AHS in Southeast Asia.

4D DIA proteomic analysis of gender and age influences on meat quality and flavor in Hetian white sheep.

To investigate the impact of age and gender on mutton flavor and quality, we analyzed mutton from 12-month-old and 6-month-old rams and ewes. The results indicated that 12 months Hetian white sheep exhibited higher levels of amino acids, protein, free fatty acids, and reducing sugars compared to 6-months. Additionally, amino acid, protein, and reducing sugar levels were higher in ewes than 12 months rams.

Modification of the texture of 3D printing soy protein isolate-based foods with proper nozzle sizes: A swallowing oriented strategy for dysphagia diet.

3D printing could provide swallowing-friendly food with high nutrition for a dysphagia diet. The effects of printing nozzle size on texture modification were studied using the soy protein isolate (SPI)-beeswax (BWX)-based bigel ink system enriched with bio-actives. Smaller nozzle sizes (0.

The GhEB1C gene mediates resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt.

The GhEB1C gene of the EB1 protein family functions as microtubule end-binding protein and may be involved in the regulation of microtubule-related pathways to enhance resistance to Verticillium wilt. The expression of GhEB1C is induced by SA, also contributing to Verticillium wilt resistance. Cotton, as a crucial cash and oil crop, faces a significant threat from Verticillium wilt, a soil-borne disease induced by Verticillium dahliae, severely impacting cotton growth and development.

Brassinosteroids in cotton: orchestrating fiber development.

Cotton cultivation spans over 30 million hectares across 85 countries and regions, with more than half participating in the global cotton textile trade. The elongated cotton fiber cell is an ideal model for studying cell elongation and understanding plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids (BRs), recognized for their role in cell elongation, offer the potential for improving cotton fiber quality and yield.

Overexpression of miRNA29a gene inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of jejunal epithelial cells in yak.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were identified to be involved in various biological functions by regulating the degradation or suppressing the translation of their downstream target genes. Recent studies have identified miR-29a play a key role in functions of mammal cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. However, the underlying functions for miR-29a in jejunal epithelial cells biological function still to be investigated.

Identification and characterization of linear epitopes of monoclonal antibodies against the capsid proteins of small ruminant lentiviruses.

Maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) are members of a group of genetically highly homologous lentiviruses collectively referred to as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs). SRLVs can infect sheep, goats and other small ruminants, causing multisystemic disease with progressive and persistent inflammatory changes, severely reducing animal productivity and impeding animal trade. The capsid protein of SRLVs, p28, is highly conserved among strains and is a commonly used marker for the detection of SRLVs.

Effect of different food matrices on the bioaccessibility of vitamin D in beverage systems: Comparison between juice and liquid milk.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone, immunology, and neurophysiological functions but has inadequate bioavailability in the human body. In this paper, six different liquid beverages were used for vitamin D fortification, investigating the effect of different food matrices on the bioaccessibility of vitamin D. Not from concentrate (NFC) apple juice (9.

Increasing cotton lint yield and water use efficiency for subsurface drip irrigation without mulching.

Introduction: Planting without mulching can eliminate the residual film pollution caused by the long-term use of plastic film covers, but it will increase soil moisture evaporation and heat loss and severely reduce water use efficiency and cotton productivity in cotton ( L.) fields in arid regions. It is unclear whether the advantages of subsurface drip irrigation and nighttime irrigation can be leveraged to reduce the amount of irrigation applied in fields, improve the soil and leaf hydrothermal environments, and increase the synchronicity of yield and water use efficiency (WUE).

An effector of oral secretions inhibits host plant defense.

Insects have evolved effectors to regulate host defenses for efficient feeding, yet their impact on chewing insects, like the tomato leaf miner (), a significant pest, is poorly understood. We used RNAi to target the REPAT38 gene in larvae, monitoring changes at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h in leaf stomata, plant hormone concentrations (jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA)), and 12 hormone-responsive genes to explore the molecular mechanism of REPAT38-mediated plant-insect interactions.