Histopathological evaluation of radical prostatectomy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer.

Incidence of prostate cancer has risen dramatically in the past decade. Radical prostatectomy is indicated in patients who have disease localized to the prostate. The aim of the study is to make histopathological evaluation of radical prostatectomy in the treatment local prostate cancer.

The possibilities of age reference values of PSA density in prostatic cancer screening.

Introduction: The possibilities of PSA (prostate specific antigen) test in screening of prostatic cancer may be evaluated by measuring its sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. The majority of reference articles in this field has evaluated the possibility of detection of prostatic cancer by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

Material And Methods: Prospective study included 2000 male patients over 50 years of age.

An evaluation of high-doses ketoconazole with hydrocortisone substitution in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

We investigated the efficacy of ketoconazole, an inhibitor of testicular and adrenal biosynthesis, for treating patients with progression of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The study comprised 35 patients with progressive disease despite salvage treatment with estramustine with or without vinblastine. Treatment consisted high-doses ketoconazole (400 mg three times daily) and hydrocortisone substitution.

Correlation of high-molecular cytokeratin in tissue of prostatic cancer with Gleason score and PSA.

The absence of basal cell layer of prostatic acini containing high-molecular cytokeratin, which is immunohistochemically detected by monoclonal antibody 34betaE12, is an essential diagnostic characteristic of prostatic cancer. The absence of immunohistochemical reaction in 3 or more pseudoglandular structures of prostatic tissue indicates malignant process. The percentage of immunohistochemically completely negative glandular structures was determined by semiquantitative measurement in tissue specimens obtained by TRUS biopsy of the prostate, and it was correlated with serum PSA concentration and Gleason score.

Renal oxidative vulnerability due to changes in mitochondrial-glutathione and energy homeostasis in a rat model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals are the commonest component of kidney stones. Oxalate and COM crystals in renal cells are thought to contribute to pathology via prooxidant events. Using an in vivo rat model of crystalluria induced by hyperoxaluria plus hypercalciuria [ethylene glycol (EG) plus 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (DHC)], we measured glutathione and energy homeostasis of kidney mitochondria.

Fuzzy role of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients' mortality.

Recent studies give contradictory data regarding the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (hyperHcy) in cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aims of the present study were to detect the most powerful variables associated with hyperHcy as well as to evaluate the relationship between hyperHcy and CV morbidity and mortality. The prospective follow-up study of 113 patients (52 males, aged 55.

The increased risk of urinary stone disease in betel quid chewers.

The chewing of betel quid is a common practice in many countries of the world, particularly in Southeast Asia. The quid consists of a preparation of areca nut, betel leaf and calcium hydroxide "lime" paste ("chuna"). For the first time, we present a study that links its use to urinary stone disease.

Factors associated with hyperhomocysteinemia after renal transplantation.

Recent studies show that clinically stable renal transplant recipients have an increased prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (hyperHcy), but the mechanism of this disorder has not yet been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors associated with hyperHcy after a successful renal transplantation. In 106 stable renal transplant recipients, total serum Hcy level (tHcy), folate, total protein, serum creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance, lipid status, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and body fat (BF) were determined.

Metabolic factors in the causation of urinary tract stones in patients with enterocystoplasties.

Stones are a common complication of the storage of urine in intestinal reservoirs. Previous studies have identified predisposing physical characteristics in the reservoirs. Biochemical and dietary factors have been little investigated.

Definition of at-risk patients: dynamic variables.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive disease, mainly characterized by a deterioration of symptoms over time, but also the occurrence in some patients of serious outcomes such as acute urinary retention (AUR) and the need for BPH-related surgery. The goals of therapy are not only to improve symptoms and restore an acceptable quality of life, but also to identify patients at risk of disease progression, to optimize their management. Baseline variables such as age, severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), a low peak flow rate, increased postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), enlarged prostate and high serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels have been identified as predictors of AUR and BPH-related surgery in community-based longitudinal studies.

A modified sigma-rectum pouch (Mainz pouch II) technique: analysis of outcomes and complications on 220 patients.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a modified technique for a sigma-rectum pouch (Mainz pouch II).

Patients And Methods: Between October 1994 and March 2003, a modified Mainz pouch II was constructed in 220 patients (153 men and 67 women, mean age 56.7 years) in a multicentre prospective study.

Is prevention of stone recurrence financially worthwhile?

This review shows that the cost of relying solely on minimally-invasive urological procedures for removing stones when patients return with recurrent stones is considerable and is significantly greater that that incurred by screening already proven recurrent stone-formers to identify the risk factors that are causing their stones and then instituting prophylactic measures to prevent stone recurrence. In the UK, at 1998 prices (when the original survey was carried out) for every stone episode prevented, there is a potential saving of almost 2,000 pound to the local Health Authority concerned. In spite of this, many Health Authorities have taken the liberty to discontinue comprehensive stone screening within the past 20 years under the mistaken supposition that minimally-invasive techniques for removing stones have "solved the stone problem".

Carbon catabolite repression regulates amino acid permeases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the TOR signaling pathway.

We have identified carbon catabolite repression (CCR) as a regulator of amino acid permeases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, elucidated the permeases regulated by CCR, and identified the mechanisms involved in amino acid permease regulation by CCR. Transport of l-arginine and l-leucine was increased by approximately 10-25-fold in yeast grown in carbon sources alternate to glucose, indicating regulation by CCR. In wild type yeast the uptake (pmol/10(6) cells/h), in glucose versus galactose medium, of l-[(14)C]arginine was (0.

Tissue microarrays and their relevance to the urologist.

Purpose: We review important aspects of TMA methodology and discuss its wide range of clinical applications with particular emphasis on key clinical studies. We also provide an update on recent and projected uses of this technology to help the urologist improve care in oncology patients.

Materials And Methods: A directed MEDLINE literature review of TMAs was performed.

PSA testing: an evolving relationship with prostate cancer screening.

PSA testing has made prostate cancer screening a reality for men in many parts of the world, but its benefit for men's health continues to be debated. In men exposed to PSA testing, there has been a well-documented change in the presentation of prostate cancer with a shift towards earlier pathological stage, not without justifiable concern about over-diagnosis by prostate biopsy. Increasingly, men now diagnosed with early stage cancer have previous PSA exposure and are selected for biopsy based on PSA change in relation to cutoff values.

Occult Leydig Cell Tumour Presenting as Bilateral Gynaecomastia. Case Report and Literature Review.

Gynaecomastia is the most common benign breast disorder in men. Among the various causes, testicular malignancies are an uncommon, life-threatening condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. The case of a 28-year-old man is discussed, who presented with a 6-month history of painful bilateral gynaecomastia with no abnormality on clinical or biochemical examination.

What surgical resection margins are required to achieve oncological control in men with primary penile cancer?

Objective: To evaluate the surgical excision margin required for local oncological control in primary penile cancers, as patients with penile cancer who undergo radical amputation suffer marked psychological, functional and cosmetic sequelae, and although organ-sparing surgery has improved the quality of life of these men, the optimum surgical excision margin to achieve oncological control is unknown.

Patients And Methods: In all, 51 patients (mean age 61 years) diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis between May 2000 and December 2004 were selected for treatment with conservative surgical techniques. All patients were staged before surgery using magnetic resonance imaging.

[The significance of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors genotype for ACEi response in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy].

Investigations conducted in medical centers worldwide and ours indicate that patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) will have short kidney graft survival when proteinuria and/or azotemia develop early, during the first post transplantation year. The analysis of published results suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) DD genotype represents unfavorable marker of rapid progression of chronic renal allograft dysfunction (CRAD). Differences of response to ACEi therapy in patients with chronic nephropathy of one's one or transplanted kidney could be explained by ACE genotype variety, where ACE DD is unfavorable genotype.

[Fungal and tuberculous peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: characteristics, therapy and outcome].

Peritonitis is a serious clinical complication in patients with terminal chronic renal failure (CRF) on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The incidence of peritonitis varies from center to center, and during the last decade it occurs approximately in one patient during 24-60 therapeutical months, which is the result of good education of patients, but also of employing the new systems for PD. Fungi as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis are rare causes of peritonitis in patients on PD therapy.

Premature ejaculation: the current literature.

Purpose Of Review: The recent increase in research with regard to premature ejaculation has led to a significant number of new papers looking at the diagnosis, definition, aetiology and management of this condition.

Recent Findings: The intravaginal ejaculatory latency time remains the primary measure of ejaculatory time although increasing bother and distress require assessment and establishment of quantifiable measures. Biological and psychogenic causes contribute to a multifactorial model of premature ejaculation with some neurobiological vulnerability.

American Urological Association--94th annual meeting. 1-6 May 1999, Dallas, USA.

Traditional urological concerns, such as bladder instability, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and incontinence, were focused upon. In addition, significant attention was paid to erectile dysfunction, with varied developments in the field. Capsaicin was presented as having a role to play in the reduction of bladder instability, while a new formulation of oxybutinin was shown to improve female urge incontinence.

International Association for the Study of Pain--Ninth World congress. 22-27 August 1999, Vienna, Austria.

At this meeting, novel analgesic effects were described for a number of compounds. Gabapentin was significantly effective in the treatment of pain associated with phantom limb pain after amputation and traumatic avulsion of the brachial plexus. Capsaicin analog, EC-665, prevented referred viscero-somatic hyperalgesia associated with bladder inflammation.