Barriers to the Acceptance of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in China.

Objective: We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) among people with latent TB infection (LTBI) in China.

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18, 2023 to December 31, 2023 across 10 counties in China. According to a national technical guide, we included healthcare workers, students, teachers, and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants.

High Diversity in Genotypes of Human Rhinovirus Contributes to High Prevalence in Beijing, 2018-2022: A Retrospective Multiple-Center Epidemiological Study.

Objective: To comprehensively examine the molecular epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in Beijing.

Methods: A total of 7,151 children and adults with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) were recruited from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing between 2018 and 2022. Their respiratory samples were obtained, and epidemiological and clinical data were collected.

Ambient air pollution contributed to pulmonary tuberculosis in China.

Published studies on outdoor air pollution and tuberculosis risk have shown heterogeneous results. Discrepancies in prior studies may be partially explained by the limited geographic scope, diverse exposure times, and heterogeneous statistical methods. Thus, we conducted a multi-province, multi-city time-series study to comprehensively investigate this issue.

Contezolid for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China: A Clinical Case Series.

Background: Linezolid (LZD) is a cornerstone medication in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). However, it frequently triggers adverse effects such as bone marrow suppression, optic neuropathy, and peripheral neuropathy, all of which can impact treatment outcomes and prognosis. Contezolid (CZD), a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic, exhibits comparable antimicrobial efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as LZD, but with potentially enhanced safety profiles.

[Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection among people aged 60 and above in Beijing City].

To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of RSV among patients aged ≥60 years in Beijing from 2015 to 2023. Based on the respiratory pathogen surveillance system, samples of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (nsCAP) and severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) among people aged ≥60 years were collected from 28 sentinel hospitals in 16 districts of Beijing from January 2015 to December 2023. Swab samples were collected from URTI within one week, and lower respiratory tract samples from nsCAP and sCAP were collected.

Analysis of Drug Resistance Characteristics of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Anhui Province, 2016-2022.

Objective: To preliminarily assess the prevalence and control effect of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Anhui province, and analyze the trends in the changing drug resistance spectrum of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolated in Anhui province from 2016 to 2022.

Methods: From 2016 to 2022, a total of 2336 culture-positive tuberculosis strains were collected from four drug resistance monitoring sites. Patient demographic information was collected and drug susceptibility testing was conducted.

Tuberculosis infection among close contacts of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in China: a population-based, multicentered study.

Objectives: Limited information is currently available on the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis infection (TBI) among close contacts of patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) in China. In this study, we estimated the burden of TBI among close contacts using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) and identified factors associated with TB transmission among this high-risk population.

Methods: From January 1, 2018 to August 31, 2020, we identified laboratory-confirmed patients with PTB from a population-based, multicentered, cluster-randomized control trial for tuberculosis preventive treatment.

Characterising the changes in RSV epidemiology in Beijing, China during 2015-2023: results from a prospective, multi-centre, hospital-based surveillance and serology study.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has posed substantial morbidity and mortality burden to young children and older adults globally. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was reported to have altered RSV epidemiology and could have important implications for RSV prevention and control strategies. We aimed to compare RSV epidemiology in different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic with the pre-pandemic period by leveraging epidemiological, molecular, and serological data collected from a prospective respiratory pathogen surveillance and serology study.

The contributions of vaccination and natural infection to the production of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and variants.

Objectives: To evaluate the neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Viruses Infections - China, 2019-2023.

Introduction: A retrospective study based on sentinel surveillance was conducted in 10 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs).

Methods: From January 2019 to June 2023, respiratory specimens were collected from individuals with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and screened for four HPIVs serotypes and other common respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study analyzed the association of HPIVs infections with seasonal patterns, geographical distribution, demographic profiles, clinical features, and co-infection status.

[Epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus among acute respiratory infection cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023].

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023. The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.

A community-based cross-sectional study of dietary composition and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in China.

To determine the dietary structure and its associated factors of tuberculosis (TB) patients in the community. This cross-sectional study analysed the dietary intake of 300 TB patients in two impoverished counties in China. Food intake was collected by using food frequency and two consecutive 24-h dietary review (24hdr) methods.

Genome sequencing reveals molecular epidemiological characteristics and new recombinations of adenovirus in Beijing, China, 2014-2019.

To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic variations of human adenovirus (HAdV) in acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed for 83 strains of HAdV with different types in Beijing from 2014 to 2019. The clinical characteristics of HAdV infection were analyzed statistically.

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T-cell immunity in convalescents after infection wave in Beijing in late 2022.

Objectives: To evaluate SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses in convalescents 5 months after infection wave in Beijing from December 2022 to January 2023 to prevent reinfection and severe disease.

Methods: Convalescents and uninfected individuals vaccinated with different doses were enrolled to assess the IFNγ T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain, BF.7, BQ.

Managing Comorbidities, Determinants and Disability at Start and End of TB Treatment under Routine Program Conditions in China.

Many patients with tuberculosis (TB) have comorbidities, risk determinants and disability that co-exist at diagnosis, during and after TB treatment. We conducted an observational cohort study in 11 health facilities in China to assess under routine program conditions (i) the burden of these problems at the start and end of TB treatment and (ii) whether referral mechanisms for further care were functional. There were 603 patients registered with drug-susceptible TB who started TB treatment: 84% were symptomatic, 14% had diabetes, 14% had high blood pressure, 19% smoked cigarettes, 10% drank excess alcohol and in 45% the 6 min walking test (6MWT) was abnormal.

Transmission and resistome of extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis in Beijing, China: A retrospective population-based epidemiological study.

Background: In this study, we utilized whole genome sequencing (WGS) of clinical extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (EDR-TB) strains collected during 2014-2020 in Beijing to detect clustered strains.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by inclusion of EDR-TB patients with positive cultures in Beijing between 2014 and 2020.

Results: A total of 95 EDR-TB patients were included in our analysis.

Emergence and evolution of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in eastern China: A six-year prospective study.

Understanding the emergence and evolution of drug resistance can inform public health intervention to combat tuberculosis (TB). In this prospective molecular epidemiological surveillance study from 2015 to 2021 in eastern China, we prospectively collected whole-genome sequencing and epidemiological data on TB patients. We dissect the ordering of drug resistance mutation acquisition for nine commonly used anti-TB drugs, and we found that the katG S315T mutation first appeared around 1959, followed by rpoB S450L (1969), rpsL L43A (1972), embB M306V (1978), rrs 1401 (1981), fabG1 (1982), pncA (1985) and folC (1988) mutations.

Associations between life-course household wealth mobility and adolescent physical growth, cognitive development and emotional and behavioral problems: A birth cohort in rural western China.

Background: Parental household wealth has been shown to be associated with offspring health conditions, while inconsistent associations were reported among generally healthy population especially in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Whether the household wealth upward mobility in LMICs would confer benefits to child health remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted a prospective birth cohort of children born to mothers who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural western China.

Population pharmacokinetics and dose evaluations of linezolid in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) target derived from the hollow-fiber system model for linezolid for treatment of the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) requires clinical validation. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a population PK model for linezolid when administered as part of a standardized treatment regimen, to identify the PK/PD threshold associated with successful treatment outcomes and to evaluate currently recommended linezolid doses. This prospective multi-center cohort study of participants with laboratory-confirmed MDR-TB was conducted in five TB designated hospitals.