[Molecular mechanisms of highly pathogenic viruses' replication and their applications for a novel drug discovery].

Productive (lytic) replication of DNA viruses elicits host cell DNA damage responses, which cause both beneficial and detrimental effects on viral replication. Viruses utilize them and selectively cancel the 'noisy' downstream signaling pathways, leading to maintain high S-phase CDK activities required for viral replication. To achieve this fine tuning of cellular environment, herpesviruses encode many (>70) genes in their genome, which are expressed in a strictly regulated temporal cascade (immediate-early, early, and late).

Correction to: Association of Allergic Symptoms with Dengue Infection and Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The spelling of the fifth author's name was misspelled. The byline should appear as shown above.

Validation of Plasmodium vivax centromere and promoter activities using Plasmodium yoelii.

Plasmodium vivax is the leading cause of malaria outside Africa and represents a significant health and economic burden on affected countries. A major obstacle for P. vivax eradication is the dormant hypnozoite liver stage that causes relapse infections and the limited antimalarial drugs that clear this stage.

Prevalence and burden of dengue infection in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Imported dengue cases are thought to be important source for transmission of autochthonous dengue in Europe. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of dengue in Europe, its severity, and factors associated with it. Out of 5287 reports resulting from the search of nine electronic search engines, we included 174 reports.

Re-emergence of dengue virus serotype 3 infections in Gabon in 2016-2017, and evidence for the risk of repeated dengue virus infections.

Objectives: Dengue outbreaks, mainly caused by dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2), occurred in 2007 and in 2010 in Gabon, Central Africa. However, information on DENV infections has been insufficient since 2010. The aim of this study was to investigate the current DENV infection scenario and the risk of repeated infections in Gabon.

Therapeutic efficacy of hepatitis B virus vaccine in treatment of chronic HBV infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is a need for improved treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We reviewed the literature to explore the efficacy of HB vaccines alone or in combination therapy (CT) with antiviral drugs in CHB patients and to meta-analyze data from randomized controlled trials. We conducted a systematic search in ten databases.

Challenges in diagnosing scrub typhus among hospitalized patients with undifferentiated fever at a national tertiary hospital in northern Vietnam.

Background: Scrub typhus (ST) is a leading cause of non-malarial febrile illness in Southeast Asia, but evidence of its true disease burden is limited because of difficulties of making the clinical diagnosis and lack of adequate diagnostic tests. To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ST, we conducted an observational study using multiple diagnostic assays at a national tertiary hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methodology/principal Findings: We enrolled 1,127 patients hospitalized with documented fever between June 2012 and May 2013.

First report of malaria parasites in water buffalo in Nepal.

We present the first molecular-based report on ungulate malaria parasites from water buffalo in Nepal. Fifty-six blood samples were collected from different groups of water buffalo (wild, feral, and domestic) and PCR assays were conducted using Plasmodium spp. cytb specific primers.

What Happens in the Staphylococcal Nucleoid under Oxidative Stress?

The evolutionary success of as an opportunistic human pathogen is largely attributed to its prominent abilities to cope with a variety of stresses and host bactericidal factors. Reactive oxygen species are important weapons in the host arsenal that inactivate phagocytosed pathogens, but can survive in phagosomes and escape from phagocytic cells to establish infections. Molecular genetic analyses combined with atomic force microscopy have revealed that the MrgA protein (part of the Dps family of proteins) is induced specifically in response to oxidative stress and converts the nucleoid from the fibrous to the clogged state.

Modifiable predictors of severe heart failure in Morocco: a descriptive study using routinely collected health data.

Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) is a growing public health concern in Morocco and there is a striking paucity on determinants of severe HF (SHF) in this population. The aim of this study was to identify patients admitted with HF at Ibn Rochd Hospital, Casablanca from 2011 onwards, when electronic record keeping began.

Methods: A total of 105 patients underwent a series of cardiological examinations between July 2011 and January 2014.

The role of education in the association between self-rated health and levels of C-reactive protein: a cross-sectional study in rural areas of China.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the association between self-rated health (SRH) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) among adults aged 45 to 101 years old in rural areas of China, and to explore the role of education in the association.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: The study population was derived from two databases in China: Nanping project (NP) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Frequent inappropriate use of unweighted summary statistics in systematic reviews of pathogen genotypes or genogroups.

Objectives: Our study aimed to systematically assess and report the methodological quality used in epidemiological systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analysis (MA) of pathogen genotypes/genogroups.

Study Design And Setting: Nine electronic databases and manual search of reference lists were used to identify relevant studies. The method types were divided into three groups: 1) with weighted pooling analysis (which we call MA), (2) unweighted analysis of the study-level measures (which we call summary statistics), and (3) without any data pooling (which we call SR only).

Lymphocytes influence Leishmania major pathogenesis in a strain-dependent manner.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis and is caused by several species of Leishmania parasite. Clinical presentation of CL varies from a self-healing infection to a chronic form of the disease determined by the virulence of infecting Leishmania species and host immune responses to the parasite. Mouse models of CL show contradictory roles of lymphocytes in pathogenesis, while acquired immune responses are responsible for host protection from diseases.

Mast cell mediators in relation to dengue severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Degranulation of mast cells (MCs) releases several mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chymase, tryptase, histamine, and cytokines, which all have important roles in the severity of dengue infection. We aimed to investigate the role of MCs in severity of dengue.

Methods: We searched for relevant studies in 10 databases on 15 August 2016.

Pellagra, a re-emerging disease: a case report of a girl from a community ravaged by insurgency.

Pellagra is a nutritional disorder of niacin deficiency which is characterized by triad of dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. It is often seen in a state of poor nutrition among alcoholics, homeless and patients suffering from malabsorption. Though seldom occurs in children, its re-emerging is seen as a result of worsening food security in vulnerable population during conflict or insurgency.

Mitochondrial complex III in larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis as a potential chemotherapeutic target and in vivo efficacy of atovaquone against primary hydatid cysts.

Echinococcus multilocularis employs aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways for its survival in the specialized environment of the host. Under anaerobic conditions, fumarate respiration has been identified as a promising target for drug development against E. multilocularis larvae, although the relevance of oxidative phosphorylation in its survival remains unclear.

Association of Allergic Symptoms with Dengue Infection and Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The relationship between the severity of dengue infection and allergy is still obscure. We conducted an electronic search across 12 databases for relevant articles reporting allergic symptoms, dengue infection, and dengue classification. These studies were categorized according to dengue severity and allergy symptoms, and a meta-analysis was performed by pooling the studies in each category.

Differences of Rainfall-Malaria Associations in Lowland and Highland in Western Kenya.

Many studies have reported a relationship between climate factors and malaria. However, results were inconsistent across the areas. We examined associations between climate factors and malaria in two geographically different areas: lowland (lakeside area) and highland in Western Kenya.

IL-17A, a possible biomarker for the evaluation of treatment response in Trypanosoma cruzi infected children: A 12-months follow-up study in Bolivia.

Background: The National Program for Chagas disease was implemented in Bolivia in 2006, and it greatly decreased the number of infections through vector control. Subsequently, a treatment regimen of benznidazole (BNZ) was started in seropositive school-age children living in certified vector control areas.

Methods And Findings: We conducted a 12-month follow-up study and seven blood samples were taken during and after the treatment.

Ongoing evolution of hepatitis B virus during viremia in patients with febrile in Central Africa.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains to be a major public health issue worldwide, although there is currently a safe vaccine and effective antiviral treatments. In surveillance of infectious diseases in Gabon, HBV viremia was detected in patients with febrile. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to characterize the HBV strains currently circulating in Gabon and to investigate HBV genome diversity during viremia.

A Novel Tool for the Generation of Conditional Knockouts To Study Gene Function across the Plasmodium falciparum Life Cycle.

has a complex life cycle that involves interaction with multiple tissues inside the human and mosquito hosts. Identification of essential genes at all different stages of the life cycle is urgently required for clinical development of tools for malaria control and eradication. However, the study of is limited by the inability to genetically modify the parasite throughout its life cycle with the currently available genetic tools.

Discovery of trypanocidal coumarins with dual inhibition of both the glycerol kinase and alternative oxidase of .

African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness in humans or nagana in animals, is a potentially fatal neglected tropical disease and a threat to 65 million human lives and 100 million small and large livestock animals in sub-Saharan Africa. Available treatments for this devastating disease are few and have limited efficacy, prompting the search for new drug candidates. Simultaneous inhibition of the trypanosomal glycerol kinase (TGK) and trypanosomal alternative oxidase (TAO) is considered a validated strategy toward the development of new drugs.

The association between family members' migration and Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers among people left behind in rural Fujian, China.

Objectives: In contrast to the health of migrants, which has been extensively studied, little attention has been paid to the health of adults left behind by family members who out-migrated to other locations. This study was performed to investigate the association between being left behind and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titer, which is an indicator of cellular immune functioning previously shown to be associated with psychological stress.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural communities in Fujian, China, in 2015.