An improved protein extraction method applied to cotton leaves is compatible with 2-DE and LC-MS.

Background: Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are widely used in plant proteomics research. However, these two techniques cannot be simultaneously satisfied by traditional protein extraction methods when investigate cotton leaf proteome.

Results: Here, we evaluated the efficiency of three different protein extraction methods for 2-DE and LC-MS/MS analyses of total proteins obtained from cotton leaves.

Genomics analysis of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (Lhc) superfamily in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (Lhc) superfamily, composed of several distinct antennae protein families, plays essential roles in light capture and photoprotection in plants. Compared with the extensive research in Arabidopsis thaliana and certain species, little is known about this superfamily in cassava (Manihot esculenta), an Euphorbiaceous plant experienced one so-called ρ recent whole-genome duplication (WGD). This study presents the first genome-wide identification of Lhc supergene family in cassava, resulting in 35 members that are distributed across 15 chromosomes.

Genome-wide identification and comparative evolutionary analysis of the Dof transcription factor family in physic nut and castor bean.

DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) proteins comprise a plant-specific transcription factor family involved in plant growth, development and stress responses. This study presents a genome-wide comparison of Dof family genes in physic nut () and castor bean (), two Euphorbiaceae plants that have not experienced any recent whole-genome duplication. A total of 25 or 24 Dof genes were identified from physic nut and castor genomes, respectively, where JcDof genes are distributed across nine out of 11 chromosomes.

Molecular phylogeographic analyses and species delimitations reveal that Leopoldamys edwardsi (Rodentia: Muridae) is a species complex.

Leopoldamys edwardsi is a species with wide distribution ranges in southern China but is not discussed in studies on geographic variation and species differentiation. We used 2 mitochondrial (Cytb, CO1) and 3 nuclear (GHR, IRBP and RAG1) genes to clarify species phylogeography and geographical differentiation. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic inference (BI) trees consistently indicated that L.

Comparative physiological and proteomic analyses of the chloroplasts in halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum under differential salt conditions.

Sesuvium portulacastrum, an important mangrove-associated true halophyte belongs to the family Aizoaceae, has excellent salt tolerance. Chloroplasts are the most sensitive organelles involved in the response to salinity. However, the regulation mechanism of chloroplasts of S.

Nonomuraea mangrovi sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from mangrove soil.

A novel aerobic actinomycete, designated HA15826, was isolated from a mangrove soil sample collected in Sanya, China. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the isolate produced straight to slightly flexural spore chains with rough cylindrical spores. Chemotaxonomic tests showed that the cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0.

Streptomyces caeni sp. nov., isolated from mangrove mud.

A novel aerobic actinomycete, designated as HA15955, was isolated from a mangrove mud sample collected in Sanya, China. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that HA15955 produced straight to spiral spore chains with smooth cylindrical spores. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain HA15955 belonged to the genus Streptomyces, was most closely related to Streptomyces speibonae NRRL B-24240 (98.

Molecular Basis for the Final Oxidative Rearrangement Steps in Chartreusin Biosynthesis.

Oxidative rearrangements play key roles in introducing structural complexity and biological activities of natural products biosynthesized by type II polyketide synthases (PKSs). Chartreusin (1) is a potent antitumor polyketide that contains a unique rearranged pentacyclic aromatic bilactone aglycone derived from a type II PKS. Herein, we report an unprecedented dioxygenase, ChaP, that catalyzes the final α-pyrone ring formation in 1 biosynthesis using flavin-activated oxygen as an oxidant.

Physiological and Proteomic Analyses of Molybdenum- and Ethylene-Responsive Mechanisms in Rubber Latex.

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient in many plants. In the rubber tree , Mo application can reduce the shrinkage of the tapping line, decrease tapping panel dryness, and finally increase rubber latex yield. After combined Mo with ethylene (Eth), these effects become more obvious.

Subcellular proteome profiles of different latex fractions revealed washed solutions from rubber particles contain crucial enzymes for natural rubber biosynthesis.

Unlabelled: Rubber particle (RP) is a specific organelle for natural rubber biosynthesis (NRB) and storage in rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. NRB is processed by RP membrane-localized proteins, which were traditionally purified by repeated washing. However, we noticed many proteins in the discarded washing solutions (WS) from RP.

Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Family Genes Involved in Ethylene-Induced Natural Rubber Production in Different Hevea brasiliensis Cultivars.

Natural rubber latex production can be improved by ethylene stimulation in the rubber tree (). However, the expression levels of most functional proteins for natural rubber biosynthesis are not induced after ethylene application, indicating that post-translational modifications, especially protein phosphorylation, may play important roles in ethylene signaling in . Here, we performed a comprehensive investigation on evolution, ethylene-induced expression and protein-protein interaction of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), an important serine/threonine protein kinase family, in .

Construction of an ultrahigh-density genetic linkage map for L. and identification of QTL for fruit yield.

Background: As an important biofuel plant, the demand for higher yield L. is rapidly increasing. However, genetic analysis of and molecular breeding for higher yield have been hampered by the limited number of molecular markers available.

Genome-wide comparative analysis of papain-like cysteine protease family genes in castor bean and physic nut.

Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are a class of proteolytic enzymes involved in many plant processes. Compared with the extensive research in Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known in castor bean (Ricinus communis) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas), two Euphorbiaceous plants without any recent whole-genome duplication. In this study, a total of 26 or 23 PLCP genes were identified from the genomes of castor bean and physic nut respectively, which can be divided into nine subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis: RD21, CEP, XCP, XBCP3, THI, SAG12, RD19, ALP and CTB.

Genome-wide investigation and expression profiling of APX gene family in Gossypium hirsutum provide new insights in redox homeostasis maintenance during different fiber development stages.

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a member of heme-containing peroxidases which catalyze the HO-dependent oxidation of a wide range of substrates in plants and animals. As is known, HO acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of fiber development. Our previous work reported that ascorbate peroxidase 1 (GhAPX1) was important for cotton fiber elongation.

Expression Profiling of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Genes Reveals Their Evolutionary and Functional Diversity in Different Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Cultivars.

Rubber tree () is the only commercially cultivated plant for producing natural rubber, one of the most essential industrial raw materials. Knowledge of the evolutionary and functional characteristics of kinases in H. brasiliensis is limited because of the long growth period and lack of well annotated genome information.

Proteomic analysis of phytase transgenic and non-transgenic maize seeds.

Proteomics has become a powerful technique for investigating unintended effects in genetically modified crops. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomics of the seeds of phytase-transgenic (PT) and non-transgenic (NT) maize using 2-DE and iTRAQ techniques. A total of 148 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 106 down-regulated and 42 up-regulated proteins in PT, were identified.

Strepchazolins A and B: Two New Alkaloids from a Marine Streptomyces chartreusis NA02069.

Two new alkaloids, strepchazolins A () and B (), together with a previously reported compound, streptazolin (), were isolated from a marine actinomycete, NA02069, collected in the Coast of Hainan Island, China. The structures of new compounds were determined by extensive NMR, mass spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis, as well as modified Mosher's method. Compound showed weak anti- activity with the MIC value of 64.

Cotton Ascorbate Oxidase Promotes Cell Growth in Cultured Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 Cells through Generation of Apoplast Oxidation.

Ascorbate oxidase (AO) plays an important role in cell growth through the modulation of reduction/oxidation (redox) control of the apoplast. Here, a cotton () apoplastic ascorbate oxidase gene () was obtained from fast elongating fiber tissues. GhAO1 belongs to the multicopper oxidase (MCO) family and includes a signal peptide and several transmembrane regions.

Comparative Proteomics of Rubber Latex Revealed Multiple Protein Species of REF/SRPP Family Respond Diversely to Ethylene Stimulation among Different Rubber Tree Clones.

Rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP) are two key factors for natural rubber biosynthesis. To further understand the roles of these proteins in rubber formation, six different genes for latex abundant REF or SRPP proteins, including REF and SRPP, were characterized from Reyan (RY) 7-33-97. Sequence analysis showed that REFs have a variable and long N-terminal, whereas SRPPs have a variable and long C-terminal beyond the REF domain, and REF has a β subunit of ATPase in its N-terminal.

Diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial community in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China.

Members of the genus Bacillus and related spore-forming genera are ubiquitous. However, Bacillus-like species isolated from marine sediments have attracted less interest than their terrestrial relatives. Here, we investigated the diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial communities in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China, using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, and present the first report on this subject.

Epigenetic map and genetic map basis of complex traits in cassava population.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical starchy root crop that is adapted to drought but extremely cold sensitive. A cold-tolerant, high-quality, and robust supply of cassava is urgently needed. Here, we clarify genome-wide distribution and classification of CCGG hemi-methylation and full-methylation, and detected 77 much candidate QTLs for cold stress and 103 much candidate QTLs for storage root quality and yield in 186 cassava population, generated by crossing two non-inbred lines with female parent KU50 and male parent SC124 (KS population).

Comparative Proteomics Reveals that Phosphorylation of β Carbonic Anhydrase 1 Might be Important for Adaptation to Drought Stress in Brassica napus.

Little is known about the mechanism of drought tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). In this study, different morphological and physiological responses to drought stress were studied in three rapeseed cultivars.

Paenibacillus silvae sp. nov., isolated from a tropical rainforest soil.

Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.

Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals N-terminal Truncation of the Hsc70 Protein in Cotton Fibers In Vivo.

On two-dimensional electrophoresis gels, six protein spots from cotton ovules and fibers were identified as heat shock cognate 70 kD protein (Hsc70). Three spots corresponded to an experimental molecular weight (MW) of 70 kD (spots 1, 2 and 3), and the remaining three spots corresponded to an experimental MW slightly greater than 45 kD (spots 4, 5 and 6). Protein spots 1, 2 and 3 were abundant on gels of 0-day (the day of anthesis) wild-type (WT) ovules, 0-day fuzzless-lintless mutant ovules and 10-day WT ovules but absent from gels of 10-day WT fibers.

De novo transcriptome sequencing of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and an analysis of genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism in response to Phytophthora capsici.

Background: Piper nigrum L., or "black pepper", is an economically important spice crop in tropical regions. Black pepper production is markedly affected by foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici, and genetic improvement of black pepper is essential for combating foot rot diseases.