A Suboptimal Optimizing Strategy for Velocity Vector Estimation in Single-Observer Passive Localization.

In a single-observer passive localization system, the velocity and position of the target are estimated simultaneously. However, this can lead to correlated errors and distortion of the estimated value, making independent estimation of the speed and position necessary. In this study, we introduce a novel optimization strategy, suboptimal estimation, for independently estimating the velocity vector in single-observer passive localization.

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy.

In this paper we investigate the application of free space optical (FSO) communications, energy harvesting, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as key technology enablers of a cost-efficient backhaul/fronthaul framework for 5G and beyond (5G+) networks. This novel approach is motivated by several facts. First, the UAVs, acting as relay nodes, represent an easy-to-deploy and adaptive network that can provide line-of-sight between the base stations and the gateways connected to the core network.

Fabrication and simulation of a layered ultrahigh thermal conductive material made of self-assembled graphene and polydopamine on a copper substrate.

A composite material of graphene (G) and polydopamine (PDA) on a copper (Cu) substrate (G/PDA@Cu) was fabricated successfully by sequential immersion deposition in a dopamine solution and an aqueous graphene oxide suspension before annealing. Optimum preparation conditions were explored by the orthogonal experimental method. The morphology and chemical composition of G/PDA@Cu were studied systematically by a series of characterization techniques.

Cooperative Terrestrial-Underwater Wireless Optical Links by Using an Amplify-and-Forward Strategy.

In this paper, we analyze a combined terrestrial-underwater optical communication link for providing high-speed optical connectivity between onshore and submerge systems. For this purpose, different transmission signaling schemes were employed to obtain performance results in terms of average bit error rate (ABER). In this sense, from the starting point of a known conditional bit-error-rate (CBER) in the absence of turbulence, the behavior of the entire system is obtained by applying an amplify-and-forward (AF) based dual-hop system: The first link is a terrestrial free-space optical (FSO) system assuming a Málaga distributed turbulence and, the second one, is an underwater FSO system with a Weibull channel model.

Modeling and Measurement of Thermal-Mechanical-Stress-Creep Effect for RF MEMS Switch Up to 200 °C.

High-temperature processes, such as packaging and annealing, are challenges for Radio-Frequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (RF MEMS) structures, which could lead to device failure. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch and the material's creep effect affect the fabrication and performance of the MEMS, especially experiencing the high temperature. In this paper, the Thermal-Mechanical-Stress-Creep (TMSC) effect during thermal processes from room temperature (RT) to 200 °C is modeled and measured, in which an Au-cantilever-based RF MEMS switch is selected as a typical device example.

The effect of two types of combined training on bio-motor ability adaptations in sedentary females.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of combined training of high-volume/low intensity vs. low volume/high intensity on different bio-motor adaptations in sedentary women.

Methods: Thirty sedentary healthy females (mean age, 22.

Design and Implementation of a Smart Traffic Signal Control System for Smart City Applications.

Infrastructure supporting vehicular network (V2X) capability is the key factor to the success of smart city because it enables many smart transportation services. In order to reduce the traffic congestion and improve the public transport efficiency, many intelligent transportation systems (ITS) need to be developed. In this paper, a smart traffic signal control (STSC) system is designed and implemented, it supports several smart city transportation applications including emergency vehicle signal preemption (EVSP), public transport signal priority (TSP), adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC), eco-driving supporting, and message broadcasting.

A Robust PDR/UWB Integrated Indoor Localization Approach for Pedestrians in Harsh Environments.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have been widely used in industrial, construction, and other fields. In recent years, demands for pedestrian localization have been increasing rapidly. In most cases, these applications work in harsh indoor environments, which have posed many challenges in achieving high-precision localization.

Local bifurcation of a Ronsenzwing-MacArthur predator prey model with two prey-taxis.

The paper investigates the steady state bifurcation analysis in a general Ronsenzwing-MacArthur predator prey model with two prey-taxis under Neumann boundary conditions. The results show that the rich dynamics in predator prey systems with two prey taxis.

Resource Allocation in Wireless Powered IoT System: A Mean Field Stackelberg Game-Based Approach.

The IoT system has become a significant component of next generation networks, and drawn a lot of research interest in academia and industry. As the sensor nodes in the IoT system are always battery-limited devices, the power control problem is a serious problem in the IoT system which needs to be solved. In this paper, we research the resource allocation in the wireless powered IoT system, which includes one hybrid access point (HAP) and many wireless sensor nodes, to obtain the optimal power level for information transmission and energy transfer simultaneously.

The influence of bus and taxi drivers' public self-consciousness and social anxiety on aberrant driving behaviors.

The study examined how bus and taxi drivers' public self-consciousness interacted with social anxiety to influence their aberrant driving behaviors. Questionnaires were distributed to 331 male and female Taiwanese bus and taxi drivers whose working environment involves frequent and direct interaction with passengers. Questionnaire statements measured drivers' dispositional public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and their intentions and driving behaviors related to speeding, errors and violations.

A Novel Picosecond Pulse Generation Circuit Based on SRD and NLTL.

Because of the importance of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar in various applications, short pulse generation in UWB systems has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In order to shorten the pulse, nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) is imported, which expands the application of step recovery diode (SRD) for pulse generation. Detailed analysis and equations for this SRD and NLTL-based pulse generation are provided and verified by simulation and experimental results.

Estimation of operators' fatigue using optical methods for determination of pupil activity.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop and initially validate an objective, yet quick, method for assessment of human fatigue. This aim can be achieved by the use of an optical, non-contact method of analysis of pupil activity. The study involved 2 phenomena typical for the behavior of the human pupil: pupillary reflex and pupillary movements.

Tailoring n-ZnO/p-Si branched nanowire heterostructures for selective photoelectrochemical water oxidation or reduction.

We report the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) branched nanowire (NW) heterostructures, consisting of periodically ordered vertical Si NW trunks and ZnO NW branches, and their application for solar water splitting. The branched NW photoelectrodes show orders of magnitudes higher photocurrent compared to the bare Si NW electrodes. More interestingly, selective photoelectrochemical cathodic or anodic behavior resulting in either solar water oxidation or reduction was achieved by tuning the doping concentration of the p-type Si NW core.

Normal waves in elastic bars of rectangular cross section.

This paper addresses a theoretical study of guided normal waves in elastic isotropic bars of rectangular cross-section by an analytical superposition method. Dispersion properties of propagating and evanescent modes for four families are analyzed in detail at various geometric and physical parameters of the bar. A comparison of the obtained results with the well-known properties for waves in infinite plates and circular cylinders is provided.

Community cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis: the CAMERA resource.

The Community Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis (CAMERA, http://camera.calit2.net/) is a database and associated computational infrastructure that provides a single system for depositing, locating, analyzing, visualizing and sharing data about microbial biology through an advanced web-based analysis portal.

Wrocław's motorway ring-road--noise protection.

The 35.4-km stretch of the A8 motorway, i.e.

Influence of a laser beam's frequency stability on dislocation of vortex points in an optical vortex interferometer.

New applications for optical vortex interferometers (OVIs) are under investigation. The precision of the OVI depends strongly on the accuracy of positioning of the vortex points, which requires more than one interferogram (fringe pattern), so the influence of the laser beam's frequency stability is important. We present an analysis of the influence of the laser beam's frequency stabilization on the accuracy of methods locating vortex points relative to dimensions in optical arrangements of OVIs.

Influence of the thickness of multilayer matching systems on the transfer function of ultrasonic airborne transducer.

The effective ultrasonic energy radiation into the air of piezoelectric transducers requires using multilayer matching systems with accurately selected acoustic impedances and the thickness of particular layers. This problem is of particular importance in the case of ultrasonic transducers working at a frequency above 1 MHz. Because the possibilities of choosing material with required acoustic impedance are limited (the counted values cannot always be realised and applied in practice) it is necessary to correct the differences between theoretical values and the possibilities of practical application of given acoustic impedances.

Influence of acoustic impedance of multilayer acoustic systems on the transfer function of ultrasonic airborne transducers.

In different solutions of ultrasonic transducers radiating acoustic energy into the air there occurs the problem of the proper selection of the acoustic impedance of one or more matching layers. The goal of this work was a computer analysis of the influence of acoustic impedance on the transfer function of piezoceramic transducers equipped with matching layers. Cases of resonance and non-resonance matching impedance in relation to the transfer function and the energy transmission coefficient for solid state-air systems were analysed.

Ultrasound transmission tomography image distortions caused by the refraction effect.

This paper presents the influence of ultrasonic beam ray refraction effect on the internal object structure imaging using the ultrasound transmission tomography method (UTT), in parallel ray projection geometry, for ultrasonic pulse run-time measurements. Simulation calculations carried out using specially elaborated software were verified experimentally by means of real measurements on a research set-up for UTT. Simple ways to minimize image distortions caused by the refraction effect were also suggested.