Assessing sport commitment: the development and preliminary validation of recreational sport commitment questionnaire.

Background: Presently, where inactivity is an overarching problem globally, participation in recreational sports activities has become an important outlet for promoting healthy lifestyles. However, there is a lack of instruments to evaluate the commitment of recreational and leisure sports users. This study aimed to adapt, develop and provide preliminary validation of the Recreational Sport Commitment Questionnaire (RESQ).

Exploring Physical Education Teachers' Intention and Perceived Constraints in Offering Online Lessons Using the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Multi-Country Analysis.

Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this study aimed to determine the influence of Physical Education (PE) teachers' attitudes, their perceived behavioral control, and the influence of subjective norms on their intention and constraints (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural) to offer a high-quality class based on best practices to deliver PE lessons online during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional, multi-country survey study recruited PE teachers from five countries (China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Turkey, and the United States). A total of 928 online questionnaires were used in the analysis.

Analysis of Learning Motivation and Burnout of Malaysian and Chinese College Students Majoring in Sports in an Educational Psychology Perspective.

The purposes are to deepen the understanding of the correlation between learning motivation and learning burnout and thereby stimulate the learning motivation of college students. According to the theory of educational psychology, mechanism of learning motivation, and causes of learning burnout are analyzed. The learning motivation and learning burnout of college students majoring in sports are taken as the breakthrough point.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malay Version of Sports Motivation Scale-II.

The 18-item Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II) is one of the most-utilised scales measuring athletes' motivation and its psychometric properties. However, we found no Malay version used to examine the Malaysian multi-ethnic population. Thus, the study aimed to translate and validate the SMS-II into the Malay version using confirmatory factor analysis.