Morpho-physiological digestive features of genetically closely related sympatric lacustrine whitefish forms with different feeding habits.

The effect of different feeding habits on gut morphology and digestive function has been intensively studied during the last decades but sympatric closely related fishes are relatively rare objects of such studies. In the present study, we have identified both morphological and physiological changes in the digestive system of a sympatric pair of whitefish represented by "normal" Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (benthivorous) and "dwarf" C. l.

First record of the genus Tshernyshev, 2009 (Coleoptera, Malachiidae) from China.

Background: Tshernyshev, 2009 is a small genus belonging to the tribe Malachiini in the family Malachiidae of the order Coleoptera, with six currently known species: (Erichson, 1840) from Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and North Africa; (Abeille de Perrin, 1885) from Central Europe to Central Asia; Ezzatpanah, 2011 from Iran; (Tshernyshev, 2000) from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan; (Medvedev, 1964) from Kazakstan, Russia and Mongolia; (Medvedev, 1964) from Kazakhstan and Turkey.

New Information: In this study, Tshernyshev, 2009 is newly recorded from China upon the discovery of (Medvedev, 1964) from Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The adult morphological characters are re-described in detail with illustrations of external appearance and relevant characters.

Detailed cytogenetic analysis of three duck species (the northern pintail, mallard, and common goldeneye) and karyotype evolution in the family Anatidae (Anseriformes, Aves).

Galliformes and Anseriformes are two branches of the Galloanserae group, basal to other Neognathae. In contrast to Galliformes, Anseriformes have not been thoroughly researched by cytogenetic methods. This report is focused on representatives of Anseriformes and the evolution of their chromosome sets.

Siberian mites of the genus Zerconopsis Hull, 1918 (Mesostigmata, Ascidae): description of a new species, re-description of Z. michaeli Evans & Hyatt, 1960, and key for species identification.

A new soil-dwelling mite species, Zerconopsis sibiricus sp. nov., is described from Russia based on the females, males, and nymphs.

Ecological safety of insecticide based on entomopathogenic virus DsCPV-1 for nontarget invertebrates.

For the first time under laboratory conditions, the virulence of a unique cypovirus strain, DsCPV-1, which has broad host specificity, was tested on nontarget aquatic organisms (natural species: Gammarus lacustris, Anopheles messeae, Coenagrion lunulatum, Cloeon robusta, Chironomus sp., Ilyocoris cimicoides, and Plea minutissima; laboratory species: Aedes aegypti and Daphnia magna), a terrestrial pollinator species (Apis mellifera), and an entomophage (Podisus maculiventris). The probability of this virus's accumulation in the bodies of invertebrates and of its transmission along a trophic chain was evaluated by two approaches: bioassays and a molecular diagnostic analysis.

Review of hymenolepidids associated with the tribe Sudarikovinini Spassky, 1991 (Eucestoda, Hymenolepididae), with descriptions of two unrecognized species from the Shaw's jird Meriones (Pallasiomys) shawi (Duvernoy) (Rodentia: Muridae: Gerbillinae) from Northern Africa.

The taxonomic position of the hymenolepidid cestode genera Paraoligorchis Wason et Johnson, 1977 and Sudarikovina Spassky, 1951 from gerbils and ground squirrels from Africa, Southwest Asia and South Asia is clarified based on re-examination of type and voucher materials. The generic diagnosis of Sudarikovina is amended. The main corrections for diagnostic characters at the generic level include: irregularly-spaced transverse anastomoses of ventral osmoregulatory canals; presence of both specimens with dextral genital pores and specimens with sinistral genital pores; vagina clearly covered externally by a dense layer of intensely-stained cells; young uterus reticulate and fully-developed uterus with a labyrinthine structure.

The influence of inactivated entomopathogenic bacterium on the immune responses of the Colorado potato beetle.

Background: Invasion of microorganisms into the gut of insects triggers a cascade of immune reactions accompanied by increased synthesis of effectors (such as antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and amino acids), leading to changes in the physiological state of the host. We hypothesized that even an inactivated bacterium can induce an immune response in an insect. The aim of this study was to compare the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and of the response of detoxification and antioxidant systems in a Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval model in the first hours after invasion by either an inactivated or live bacterium.

Cellular and Immunological Analysis of 2D2/Th Hybrid Mice Prone to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Comparison with 2D2 and Th Lines.

Previously, we described the mechanisms of development of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in 3-month-old C57BL/6, Th, and 2D2 mice. The faster and more profound spontaneous development of EAE with the achievement of deeper pathology occurs in hybrid 2D2/Th mice. Here, the cellular and immunological analysis of EAE development in 2D2/Th mice was carried out.

Microsporidia-cypovirus interactions during simultaneous infection of the tree defoliator Dendrolimus sibiricus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae).

The Siberian moth, Dendrolimus sibiricus is a dangerous forest defoliator, the number one pest of boreal forests in Asia. Search for effective and ecologically friendly control measures drives attention to microbial pathogens. Viruses and microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites widespread in insect populations causing either chronic or acute infections.

The venom of Habrobracon hebetor induces alterations in host metabolism.

The ability of parasitic wasps to manipulate a host's metabolism is under active investigation. Components of venom play a major role in this process. In the present work, we studied the effect of the venom of the ectoparasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor on the metabolism of the greater wax moth host (Galleria mellonella).

Cross-Reactive Antibodies to the NS1 Protein of Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Are Absent in the Sera of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis.

Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) is a member of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex of the family. Currently, there are no data on the cross-reactivity of antibodies to the NS1 proteins of OHFV and TBEV. Such data are of major interest for monitoring viral encephalitis of unknown etiology due to the increasing geographical distribution of OHFV.

Prevalence of opisthorchiid and other endoparasitic infections among cats and dogs in Novosibirsk oblast (Western Siberia, Russia).

To determine the current reservoir status and prevalence of Opisthorchis felineus infection in opisthorchiosis-endemic areas, feces samples were collected from 103 cats and 101 dogs admitted to shelters or discount sterilization centers from various districts of Novosibirsk city and from villages and towns along the Ob River (Novosibirsk Oblast). The feces samples were evaluated using two methods simultaneously: the formalin-ether sedimentation assay and a modified flotation assay. The prevalence of opisthorchiid infection was higher among cats (12.

Comparative analysis of optional hunting behavior in Cricetinae hamsters using the data compression approach.

Research into the hunting behavior in members of the Cricetidae family offers an opportunity to reveal what changes in the predatory behavioral sequences occur when a rodent species shifts from an omnivorous to a predatory lifestyle. The study tests the following hypotheses: are there phylogenetic differences in the divergence of species' predatory lifestyles in hamsters or do ecological factors lead to shaping their hunting behavior? We applied the data compression approach for performing comparative analysis of hunting patterns as biological "texts." The study presents a comparative analysis of hunting behaviors in five Cricetinae species, focusing on the new data obtained for the desert hamster Phodopus roborovskii whose behavior has never been studied before.

Coronaviruses () of bats in the northern Caucasus and south of western Siberia.

Introduction: Bats are natural reservoirs of coronaviruses (), which have caused three outbreaks of human disease SARS, MERS and COVID-19 or SARS-2 over the past decade. The purpose of the work is to study the diversity of coronaviruses among bats inhabiting the foothills and mountainous areas of the Republics of Dagestan, Altai and the Kemerovo region.

Materials And Methods: Samples of bat oral swabs and feces were tested for the presence of coronavirus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Involvement of bacteria in the development of fungal infections in the Colorado potato beetle.

Entomopathogenic fungi may interact with insects' symbiotic bacteria during infection. We hypothesized that topical infection with Beauveria bassiana may alter the microbiota of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and that these modifications may alter the course of mycoses. We used a model with two concentrations of conidia: (1) high concentration that causes rapid (acute) pathogenesis with fast mortality followed by bacterial decomposition of insects; (2) lower concentration that leads to prolonged pathogenesis ending in conidiation on cadavers.

TREMATODE SPECIES DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION BY ENVIRONMENTAL DNA-qPCR ASSAY IN LAKE CHANY, RUSSIA.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys promise to be a sensitive and powerful tool for the detection of trematodes. This can contribute to the limited studies on trematode ecology, specifically in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we developed species-specific primer and probe sets for Moliniella anceps, Opisthioglyphe ranae, and Plagiorchis multiglandularis cercariae and applied a novel eDNA qPCR assay to detect larval trematodes quantitatively.

Cestode diversity in shrews from islands in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.

A comparative analysis of taxonomic diversity on shrew cestodes among four islands in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk (Sakhalin, Kunashir, Hokkaido, and Moneron) was performed. Cestode species shared among the islands were identified and their host specificity was investigated. On Sakhalin Island, 33 species of the families Hymenolepididae, Dilepididae and Mesocestoididae were recorded in four shrew species (, , and ).

Body temperature and locomotor activity of social subterranean mole voles (Ellobius talpinus) in winter.

To find out whether a social subterranean rodent-the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus)-hibernates in winter, nine individuals from Southern Siberia were captured in late autumn and implanted with loggers [that constantly recorded body temperature (T) and locomotor activity] and then released. Eight of them were recaptured the following spring. From October to April, the animals' T never dropped below 33 °C, although cosinor analysis revealed a decrease in mesor values and in the amplitude of daily fluctuations of T and activity in winter months.

The Impact of Long-Term Hypoxia on the Antioxidant Defense System in the Siberian Frog Rana amurensis.

The Siberian frog Rana amurensis has a uniquely high tolerance to hypoxia among amphibians, as it is able to withstand several months underwater with almost no oxygen (0.2 mg/liter) vs. several days for other studied species.

Comparative study of the gut microbial communities collected by scraping and swabbing in a fish model: a comprehensive guide to promote non-lethal procedures for gut microbial studies.

In the present study, we propose the use of swabs in non-lethal sampling procedures to collect the mucosa-adhered gut microbiota from the posterior intestine of fish, and therefore, we compare the bacterial communities collected by conventional scraping and by swabbing methods. For this purpose, samples of the posterior intestine of rainbow trout () were collected first using the swabbing approach, and after fish euthanasia, by mucosa scraping. Finally, bacterial communities were compared by 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing.

Traditional multilocus phylogeny fails to fully resolve Palearctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus) relationships but reveals a new species endemic to West Siberia.

Previous efforts to reconstruct evolutionary history of Palearctic ground squirrels within the genus Spermophilus have primarily relied on a single mitochondrial marker for phylogenetic data. In this study, we present the first phylogeny with comprehensive taxon sampling of Spermophilus via a conventional multilocus approach utilizing five mitochondrial and five nuclear markers. Through application of the multispecies coalescent model, we constructed a species tree revealing four distinct clades that diverged during the Late Miocene.