Requirements for (web-based) physical activity interventions targeting adults above the age of 65 years - qualitative results regarding acceptance and needs of participants and non-participants.

Background: It remains unclear how physical activity (PA) interventions need to be designed to reach older adults and to be widely accepted in this target group. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance of a web-based PA program, including individual intervention components as well as relevant contextual factors, and to specify requirements for future interventions.

Methods: Two hundred sixty-six participants of a PA intervention completed a questionnaire covering individual program components (content, structure, and context).

The Effect of a Single Session of Plyometric Training Per Week on Fitness Parameters in Professional Female Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nonnato, A, Hulton, AT, Brownlee, TE, and Beato, M. The effect of a single session of plyometric training per week on fitness parameters in professional female soccer players. A randomized controlled trial.

Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey.

Background: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions.

Inconsistent descriptions of lumbar multifidus morphology: A scoping review.

Background: Lumbar multifidus (LM) is regarded as the major stabilizing muscle of the spine. The effects of exercise therapy in low back pain (LBP) are attributed to this muscle. A current literature review is warranted, however, given the complexity of LM morphology and the inconsistency of anatomical descriptions in the literature.

How Age, Cognitive Function and Gender Affect Bimanual Force Control.

Coordinated bimanual control depends on information processing in different intra- and interhemispheric networks that differ with respect to task symmetry and laterality of execution. Aging and age-related cognitive impairments, but also sex can have detrimental effects on connectivity of these networks. We therefore expected effects of age, cognitive function and sex on bimanual force coordination.

Addition of Caffeine to a Carbohydrate Feeding Strategy Prior to Intermittent Exercise.

The ergogenic effect of caffeine is well established, although no investigations providing a high carbohydrate feeding strategy (pre-exercise meal=2 g/kg BM) co-ingested with caffeine exist for soccer. This investigation examines the effect of caffeine in addition to a pre-exercise carbohydrate meal and drink mid-way through a soccer simulation. Eight recreational soccer players completed an 85-minute soccer simulation followed by an exercise capacity test (Yo-yo Intermittent Endurance test level 2) on two occasions.

Pain-related Self-efficacy Among People With Back Pain: A Systematic Review of Assessment Tools.

Background: Before an intervention can be implemented to improve pain-related self-efficacy, assessment is required. The aim of the present study was to provide a systematic review on which self-efficacy scales are being used among patients with back pain and to evaluate their psychometric properties.

Methods: A systematic search was executed in January 2019 and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 checklist served as a guide for conducting the study.

Energy minimization within target-directed aiming: the mediating influence of the number of movements and target size.

In target-directed aiming, performers tend to more greatly undershoot targets when aiming down compared to up because they try to avoid an overshoot error and subsequently minimize the time and energy expenditure that is required to suddenly combat gravitational forces. The present study aims to further examine this principle of time and energy minimization by directly mediating the perceived cost of potential errors as well as the likelihood of their occurrence by manipulating the number of movements and target size, respectively. Participants executed rapid aiming movements in the up/down direction as part of a one-/two-target movement towards a small/large target.

Skeletal muscle lipid droplets are resynthesized before being coated with perilipin proteins following prolonged exercise in elite male triathletes.

Intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) are a key substrate during prolonged exercise, but little is known about the rate of IMTG resynthesis in the postexercise period. We investigated the hypothesis that the distribution of the lipid droplet (LD)-associated perilipin (PLIN) proteins is linked to IMTG storage following exercise. Fourteen elite male triathletes (27 ± 1 yr, 66.

Subjective Stroke Impact and Depressive Symptoms: Indications for a Moderating Role of Health-Related Locus of Control.

Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. Subsequently, depression occurs in about one third of the stroke survivors. Health-related locus of control might serve as a modifiable cognitive factor to aid the recovery process.

Cerebral and peripheral vascular differences between pre- and postmenopausal women.

Objective: Menopause is associated with lower peripheral vascular function; however, cerebrovascular responses to this time-period are unclear. We aimed to describe peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular differences between pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods: Fifty pre- and postmenopausal women (N = 100) underwent assessments of cerebral blood flow; cerebrovascular reactivity and autoregulation; carotid artery reactivity; brachial and femoral artery flow-mediated dilation; and carotid, brachial, and femoral artery intima-media thickness.

Validation of the vignette-based German Exercise Causality Orientation Scale (G-ECOS).

The Self-Determination Theory has been applied to explain behaviour in numerous contexts and cultures. In the exercise context, causality orientations (autonomy, control, impersonal) are important to describe individual differences in initiation and maintenance of health behaviour. The assessment of exercise causality orientations can be a key element to improve predictions of motivated health and exercise behaviour.

Testing a Photo Story Intervention in Paper Versus Electronic Tablet Format Compared to a Traditional Brochure Among Older Adults in Germany: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: To increase effective communication in primary care consultations among older adults in Germany, the photo story is considered to be a useful tool based on Bandura's social cognitive theory. With information technology helping to increase effective communication, the use of tablets is gaining attention in health care settings, especially with older adults. However, the effectiveness of tablet technology and photo stories has rarely been tested.

Using differential ratings of perceived exertion to assess agreement between coach and player perceptions of soccer training intensity: An exploratory investigation.

We aimed to assess the coach-player agreement of subjective soccer training loads via differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE). The coach initially underwent quantifiable familiarisation (blackness test) with the Borg CR100 scale. Data were collected from 16 semi-professional soccer players across seven consecutive training sessions.

Off-Court Generic Perceptual-Cognitive Training in Elite Volleyball Athletes: Task-Specific Effects and Levels of Transfer.

The nature of perceptual-cognitive expertise in interactive sports has gained more and more scientific interest over the last two decades. Research to understand this expertise can be developed has not been addressed profoundly yet. In approaches to study this with interventional designs, only few studies have scrutinized several levels of transfer such as to the field.

Mental Practice Ability Among Stroke Survivors: Investigation of Gender and Age.

Mental practice refers to the imaginary representation of a motor action. Mental practice interventions are frequently used among stroke survivors to improve motor function. Individual characteristics that may determine whether a person is able to mentally perform a specific movement have been mainly spared in research.

Characterization of extracellular redox enzyme concentrations in response to exercise in humans.

Redox enzymes modulate intracellular redox balance and are secreted in response to cellular oxidative stress, potentially modulating systemic inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise are known to cause acute systemic oxidative stress and inflammation; however, how redox enzyme concentrations alter in extracellular fluids following bouts of either type of exercise is unknown. Recreationally active men ( = 26, mean ± SD: age 28 ± 8 yr) took part in either: 1) two separate energy-matched cycling bouts: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or 2) an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (RES).

Cold water immersion settings for reducing muscle tissue temperature: a linear dose-response relationship.

Background: Although cold water immersion (CWI) is widely accepted and integrated as a recovery modality in sports practice, questions regarding its proposed working mechanisms remain. This study systematically reviews the existing literature on one the proposed mechanisms of CWI, its effect on muscle tissue temperature, and subsequently tries to identify a dose-response relationship in order to describe an optimal dose.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic literature search (PubMed and Sport Discus) was conducted in October 2017.

Team Handball Experts Outperform Recreational Athletes in Hand and Foot Response Inhibition: A Behavioral Study.

Inhibition is a central component of human behavior. It enables flexible and adaptive behavior by suppressing prepotent motor responses. In former studies, it has been shown that sport athletes acting in dynamic environments exhibit superior motor inhibitory control based on sensory stimuli.

Subjective vividness of motor imagery has a neural signature in human premotor and parietal cortex.

Motor imagery (MI) is the process in which subjects imagine executing a body movement with a strong kinesthetic component from a first-person perspective. The individual capacity to elicit such mental images is not universal but varies within and between subjects. Neuroimaging studies have shown that these inter-as well as intra-individual differences in imagery quality mediate the amplitude of neural activity during MI on a group level.

Validating the Sedentary Sphere method in children: Does wrist or accelerometer brand matter?

This study aimed to validate the Sedentary Sphere posture classification method from wrist-worn accelerometers in children. Twenty-seven 9-10-year-old children wore ActiGraph GT9X (AG) and GENEActiv (GA) accelerometers on both wrists, and activPAL on the thigh while completing prescribed activities: five sedentary activities, standing with a phone, walking (criterion for all 7: observation) and 10-min free-living play (criterion: activPAL). In an independent sample, 21 children wore AG and GA accelerometers on the non-dominant wrist and activPAL for two days of free-living.

Beep Test Performance Is Influenced by 30 Minutes of Cognitive Work.

Purpose: This study explored conflicting findings in the literature on the influence of perceived cognitive fatigue on physical performance by testing the effect of the Stroop task (high cognitive load) on an intermittent running test (beep test).

Methods: In a within-subjects repeated-measures experiment, 13 active athletes performed the beep test on two occasions, in a randomized, counterbalanced order. In each session, a preceding cognitive task was completed for 30 min, with the incongruent Stroop task in the high load condition, and the congruent Stroop task in the low load condition.

Lack of impact moderating movement adaptation when soccer players perform game specific tasks on a third-generation artificial surface without a cushioning underlay.

The objective of this study was to investigate how the inclusion of a cushioning underlay in a third-generation artificial turf (3G) affects player biomechanics during soccer-specific tasks. Twelve soccer players (9 males/3 females; 22.6 ± 2.

Effects of different protocols of high intensity interval training for VOmax improvements in adults: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objectives: To examine the effects of different protocols of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on VOmax improvements in healthy, overweight/obese and athletic adults, based on the classifications of work intervals, session volumes and training periods.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 2018.

Incidence of major adverse cardiac events in men wishing to continue competitive sport following percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: The new North American guidelines for participation in competitive sport in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are less restrictive than previous guidelines.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in men with CAD who practise intensive physical activity after a stenting procedure. MACE included in-stent restenosis (SR), stent thrombosis (ST), new coronary stenosis (NCS), myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac arrest or cardiac death.