A New Way to Restrict Free Leg Movement During Unilateral Vertical Jump Test.

The purpose of this investigation was (1) to test the effect of movement restriction of the free leg during unilateral vertical jump on performance and power output comparing 2 different jump techniques: flexed (Classic technique) and straight (FC Luzern technique) free leg, and (2) to test the correlation between performance and power output obtained using these 2 techniques. Twenty elite soccer players performed squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps on each leg. The jump height and peak power output were compared between the 2 techniques for both legs.

The Effect of Obesity Class on the Energetics and Mechanics of Walking.

Higher mass-normalized net energy cost of walking (NetC) and mechanical pendular recovery are observed in obese compared to lean adults. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different classes of obesity on the energetics and mechanics of walking and to explore the relationships between body mass, NetC and gait mechanics by using principal component analysis (PCA). NetC and gait mechanics were computed in severely obese (SOG; = 18, BMI = 40.

Effect of very large body mass loss on energetics, mechanics and efficiency of walking in adults with obesity: mass-driven versus behavioural adaptations.

Understanding the mechanisms involved in the higher energy cost of walking (NC : the energy expenditure above resting per unit distance) in adults with obesity is pivotal to optimizing the use of walking in weight management programmes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanics, energetics and mechanical efficiency of walking after a large body mass loss induced by bariatric surgery in individuals with obesity. Nine adults (39.

Mechanical work as a (key) determinant of energy cost in human locomotion: recent findings and future directions.

New Findings: What is the topic of this review? This narrative review explores past and recent findings on the mechanical determinants of energy cost during human locomotion, obtained by using a mechanical approach based on König's theorem (Fenn's approach). What advances does it highlight? Developments in analytical methods and their applications allow a better understanding of the mechanical-bioenergetic interaction. Recent advances include the determination of 'frictional' internal work; the association between tendon work and apparent efficiency; a better understanding of the role of energy recovery and internal work in pathological gait (amputees, stroke and obesity); and a comprehensive analysis of human locomotion in (simulated) low gravity conditions.

Mass-normalized internal mechanical work in walking is not impaired in adults with class III obesity.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of obesity on the internal mechanical work, and its influence on the total mechanical work, energy cost, and mechanical efficiency in obese and nonobese adults while walking at different speeds. Body composition and anthropometrical characteristics were obtained for eleven obese [O; 39.9 ± 7.

Enacting Phenomenological Gestalts in Ultra-Trail Running: An Inductive Analysis of Trail Runners' Courses of Experience.

Using an enactive approach to trail runners' activity, this study sought to identify and characterize runners' phenomenological gestalts, which are forms of experience that synthesize the heterogeneous sensorimotor, cognitive and emotional information that emerges in race situations. By an in-depth examination of their meaningful experiences, we were able to highlight the different typologies of interactions between bodily processes (e.g.

Enactments and the design of trail running equipment: An example of carrying systems.

Sports equipment brands have increasingly turned to experience-centered design, meaning the integration of users' activity into the design process. From an enactive perspective, this research investigated two entries of collecting and analyzing interactions between trail runners and their equipment. The paper articulates two studies.

Shear-Wave Elastography Assessments of Quadriceps Stiffness Changes prior to, during and after Prolonged Exercise: A Longitudinal Study during an Extreme Mountain Ultra-Marathon.

In sports medicine, there is increasing interest in quantifying the elastic properties of skeletal muscle, especially during extreme muscular stimulation, to improve our understanding of the impact of alterations in skeletal muscle stiffness on resulting pain or injuries, as well as the mechanisms underlying the relationships between these parameters. Our main objective was to determine whether real-time shear-wave elastography (SWE) can monitor changes in quadriceps muscle elasticity during an extreme mountain ultra-marathon, a powerful mechanical stress model. Our study involved 50 volunteers participating in an extreme mountain marathon (distance: 330 km, elevation: +24,000 m).

Health and doping in elite-level cycling.

The protection of the health of athletes is one of the three criteria taken into account when registering a substance in the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited list. Nevertheless, in elite-level cycling, banned substance use is widespread. The present research adopted a psychological approach to examine how or whether perceived health risks influence elite-level cyclists' decisions to use banned substances.