Identificationof a novel linear epitope on the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein, as recognized by a specific monoclonal antibody.

Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains one of the most threatening pathogens of swine. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is the major structural protein of the virus and has been used as a PRRSV diagnostic antigen due to its high level of inherent immunogenicity.

Methods: The recombinant PRRSV N protein was generated by the prokaryotic expressing system and used to immunized mice.

Development of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Fluorescence Assay for the Detection of Canine Adenovirus 2.

Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) is often found in co-infections with other pathogens causing canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD). Rapid, efficient, and convenient pathogen detection is the best approach for early confirmatory diagnosis. In this study, we developed and evaluated a rapid real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for detection of canine adenovirus 2 (CAV), which can detect CAV within 15 min at 39°C.

Identification of Linear B-Cell Epitopes on Hemagglutinin Protein of Canine Distemper Virus Using Two Monoclonal Antibodies.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to the genus of the Paramyxoviridae family, which causes a threat to the domestic dog and fur-animal industry. Hemagglutinin protein is a major membrane protein of the vital molecular factor in CDV tropism, also known to induce hosts to produce neutralizing antibodies. In the current study, we prepared two monoclonal antibodies, 1A5 and 2B8, against the H protein of the CDV-PS strain.

Relations of Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Matters to Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Fluid of Dairy Cows at Different Milk Stages.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether relationships exist between odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) originating from milk fat and the corresponding data of ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial populations, and base contents that were used to mark microbial protein in rumen. Nine lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parity were selected in this study, and the samples of rumen and milk were collected at the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. The rumen and milk samples were collected over three consecutive days from each cow, and the ruminal and milk OBCFA profiles, ruminal fermentation parameters, bacterial populations, and base contents were measured.

Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Metabolic Parameters in Growing Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus).

The objective of this study was to determine whether different dietary vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) levels affect the nutrient digestibility, production performance, and antioxidant abilities of growing furring blue foxes. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement that included 4 levels of VE (0, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg diet from α-tocopherol acetate) and 2 levels of Se (0 or 0.2 mg/kg diet from glycine selenium) was performed from mid-September to pelting.

Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Proteome Alterations in CDV-Infected Mink Lung Epithelial Cells.

Canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus, causes a severe highly contagious lethal disease in carnivores, such as mink. Mink lung epithelial cells (Mv.1.

Cytoprotective effect of deferiprone against aluminum chloride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in lymphocytes.

Aluminum (Al) is a toxic metal, and excessive Al accumulation causes immunosuppression. Deferiprone (DFP) is a well-known chelator and used in dialysis patients for removing Al from tissues. The present study aimed to investigate whether DFP treatment can attenuate immunotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl) in cultured lymphocytes.

Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to differentiate antibodies against wild-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome from the vaccine strain TJM-F92 based on a recombinant Nsp2 protein.

An accurate ELISA method to differentiate pigs infected with wild-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) strains from vaccinated ones would help to monitor PRRSV vaccination compliance. The recombinant protein GST-d120aa derived from the continuous deletion of 120 amino acids in the non-structural protein 2 region of the modified-live vaccine strain TJM-F92 was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (d120-ELISA) for differentiating serum antibodies against TJM-F92 from other PRRSV strains. At the optimized cut-off value which was calculated at an S/P of 0.

New Genotypes of Isolated from Sika Deer and Red Deer in China.

To examine the occurrence and genotype distribution of in cervids, 615 fecal samples were collected from red deer () and sika deer () on 10 different farms in Henan and Jilin Province. was identified and genotyped with a nested PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA genes, showing an average infection rate of 35.9% (221/615).

Identification and characterization of the toll-like receptor 8 gene in the Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides).

TLR8 is an important sensor of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) from the viral genome and plays an essential role in innate antiviral responses via the recognition of conserved viral molecular patterns. In this report, TLR8 in the Chinese raccoon dog was characterized and analyzed for the first time. The full-length sequence of raccoon dog TLR8 (RdTLR8) cDNA was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and is 3191bp with a 3117-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 1038 amino acids.

Transcript Profiling of Toll-Like Receptor mRNAs in Selected Tissues of Mink ().

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize conserved molecular patterns and initiate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune responses against invading infectious agents. The aim of this study was to assess the transcript profile of mink TLRs (mTLRs) in mink peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a range of tissues, and to explore the potential role of mTLRs in the antiviral immune response process. The results indicated that the mTLR partial nucleotide sequences had a high degree of nucleotide identity with ferret sequences (95-98%).

cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway Induces Apoptosis by Inhibited NF-κB in Aluminum Chloride-Treated Lymphocytes In Vitro.

To explore the apoptosis mechanism in lymphocytes of rats induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, the splenic lymphocytes of rats were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 for 24 h. The final concentrations of AlCl3 (AlCl3 · 6H2O) in supernatant were 0 (control group, CG), 0.3 mmol/L (low-dose group, LG), 0.

Effects of dry dietary protein on digestibility, nitrogen-balance and growth performance of young male mink.

The experiment was to study the nutrient digestibility and metabolism performance of male minks, which were fed different protein level diets during growth period. Effects of protein quantity on growth and development of minks and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also investigated. Sixty healthy male minks of 45 d were randomly allocated into six groups with ten replicates, which was one sable for each replicate.

Effects of dietary protein level on nutrients digestibility and reproductive performance of female mink () during gestation.

The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance of pregnant mink () were affected by different dietary protein levels. One hundred and twenty female mink were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving diets of fresh material with different protein levels. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 32, 36, 40 and 44% respectively.

Immunogenicity of an inactivated Chinese bovine viral diarrhea virus 1a (BVDV 1a) vaccine cross protects from BVDV 1b infection in young calves.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1a and 1b strains are the predominant subgenotypes in China. Because of the genetic and antigenic variability among different BVDV strains, a vaccine effective in one region may fail to protect against infections caused by different virus strains in another region. No BVDV vaccine developed with the predominant strains in China are available.

Genetic characterization of a noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 2b isolated from cattle in China.

In January 2013, several clinical signs of cattle with diarrhea, cough, nasal discharge, and fever were reported in Jilin province, China. One virus named SD1301 was isolated and identified. Complete genome of the virus is 12258nt in length and contains a 5'UTR, one open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3,897 amino acids and a 3'UTR.

Dietary copper supplementation improves pelt characteristics of female silver fox (Vulpes fulva) during the winter fur-growing season.

Copper has an essential role in normal fur pigmentation and fur quality. This study evaluated the effects of cupric citrate (CuCit) supplementation on growth, nutrients metabolism and pelt characteristics of the female silver fox (Vulpes fulva). Fifty age-matched female silver foxes with similar body weights were randomly divided into five dietary groups for 58 days during the winter fur-growing season.

Effects of partial deletion of the wzm and wzt genes on lipopolysaccharide synthesis and virulence of Brucella abortus S19.

Brucellosis is a worldwide human and animal infectious disease, and the effective methods of its control are immunisation of animals by vaccination and elimination. Brucella abortus S19 is one of the popular vaccines with virulence in the control of cattle Brucellosis. In the present study, allelic exchange plasmids of wzm and wzt genes and partial knockout mutants of wzm and wzt were constructed to evaluate the resulting difference in virulence of B.

Effects of sub-chronic aluminum chloride on spermatogenesis and testicular enzymatic activity in male rats.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sub-chronic aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on spermatogenesis and testicular enzymatic activity in male rats.

Main Methods: Forty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CG, 0), low-dose group (LG, 64.18 mg/kg BW AlCl3), mid-dose group (MG, 128.

A bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1a strain in China: isolation, identification, and experimental infection in calves.

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogens in cattle. Previously, BVDV sub-genotypes of 1b, 1c, 1d, and 1 m were detected in China. However, isolation of BVDV type 1a from cattle has not been reported in China.

Preliminary Extraction and Identification of the 44.5 kDa Outer Membrane Proteins Isolated from Bovine Fusobacterium necrophorum (AB).

Fusobacterium necrophorum (AB) in the pharynx, respiratory tract, female reproductive tract or urinary system is the causative agent of footrot and hepatic abscesses in animals and acute Lemierre's syndrome in humans. Current methods do not effectively protect animals and humans against F. necrophorum (AB).

Expression, Identification and Characterize of CD25-Binding Epitope Modified Human IL-2 in Pichia pastoris.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays important roles in variety of immune functions and it is widely used in the medication. But in recent years it was reported that vascular leak syndrome (VLS) was induced by IL-2. Evidences showed that the interaction of IL-2 and IL-2Rαβγ (CD25) caused VLS.

Immunotoxicity of aluminum.

Aluminum (Al) is present in the daily life of all humans. With the incidence of Al contamination increased in recent years, the toxicity of Al on the immune function has attracted more attention. Even with this increased attention, the mechanism of Al immunotoxicity still remains unclear.

Immunogenic response induced by wzm and wzt gene deletion mutants from Brucella abortus S19.

Brucellosis is an infectious disease affecting humans and animals worldwide. Effective methods of control include inducing immunity in animals by vaccination and elimination. Brucella abortus S19 is one of the popular vaccines for control of cattle brucellosis, as it has low virulence.