Attenuated Total Reflectance Crystal of Silicon for Rapid Nitrate Sensing Combining Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Rapid detection of NO -N is critical to address the challenges of food security, environmental degradation, and climate change. Conventional methods for sensing NO -N in water demand pretreatments and chemical reagents, which are time- and cost-consuming. Consequently, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy has been well applied for the determination of NO -N.

Global decline in microbial-derived carbon stocks with climate warming and its future projections.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) represents the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon and is indispensable for mitigating climate change and sustaining soil fertility. As a major component of stable SOC, microbial-derived carbon (MDC) accounts for approximately half of the total SOC and has repercussions on climate feedback. However, our understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of MDC stocks is limited, hindering assessments of the long-term impacts of global warming on persistent SOC sequestration in the soil‒atmosphere carbon cycle.

Gut microbiota research nexus: One Health relationship between human, animal, and environmental resistomes.

The emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance is of global public health concern. The gut microbiota harboring diverse commensal and opportunistic bacteria that can acquire resistance via horizontal and vertical gene transfers is considered an important reservoir and sink of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this review, we describe the reservoirs of gut ARGs and their dynamics in both animals and humans, use the One Health perspective to track the transmission of ARG-containing bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment, and assess the impact of antimicrobial resistance on human health and socioeconomic development.

A facile strategy to fabricate lignocellulose-based slow-release fertilizers via a high-performance treatment of rice straw using deep eutectic solvents.

Lignin-based slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce environmental pollution in agricultural production. However, the extraction and separation processes of lignin from biomass sources are intricate, involving substantial quantities of non-reusable toxic reagents. Here, a sustainable and eco-friendly approach using deep eutectic solvents (DES) was employed to treat rice straw, effectively dissolving the lignin present.

Roles of Natural Phenolic Compounds in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Abiotic Attenuation at Soil-Air Interfaces through Oxidative Coupling Reactions.

Little information is available on the roles of natural phenolic compounds in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) attenuation at dry soil-air interfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of model phenolic constituents of soil organic matter (SOM) on the abiotic attenuation of PAHs. The phenolic compounds can significantly change the attenuation rates of PAHs, among which hydroquinone was the most effective in promoting anthracene and benzo[]anthracene attenuation.

PIN2/3/4 auxin carriers mediate root growth inhibition under conditions of boron deprivation in Arabidopsis.

The mechanistic basis by which boron (B) deprivation inhibits root growth via the mediation of root apical auxin transport and distribution remains elusive. This study showed that B deprivation repressed root growth of wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings, which was related to higher auxin accumulation (observed with DII-VENUS and DR5-GFP lines) in B-deprived roots. Boron deprivation elevated the auxin content in the root apex, coinciding with upregulation of the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis-related genes (TAA1, YUC3, YUC9, and NIT1) in shoots, but not in root apices.

: A method for quantifying putative biotic associations of microbes at the community level.

A workflow has been compiled as "qcmi" R package-the uantifying ommunity-level icrobial nteractions-to identify and quantify the putative biotic associations of microbes at the community level from ecological networks.

Synergistic effects of diazotrophs and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil biological nitrogen fixation after three decades of fertilization.

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) via diazotrophs is an important ecological process for the conversion of atmospheric N to biologically available N. Although soil diazotrophs play a dominant role in BNF and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) serve as helpers to favor BNF, the response of soil BNF and diazotrophic communities to different long-term fertilizations and the role of AMF in diazotrophs-driven BNF are poorly understood. Herein, a 33-year fertilization experiment in a wheat-maize intercropping system was conducted to investigate the changes in soil BNF rates, diazotrophic and AMF communities, and their interactions after long-term representative fertilization (chemical fertilizer, cow manure, wheat straw, and green manure).

Treatment with organic manure inoculated with a biocontrol agent induces soil bacterial communities to inhibit tomato wilt disease.

Introduction: Organic manure, plant growth-promoting microorganisms, and biocontrol agents are widely used to sustainably control soil-borne diseases. However, how and whether organic manure inoculated with biocontrol agents alters soil microbiota and reduces disease severity is poorly understood.

Methods: Here, we examined changes to the soil microbial community, soil properties, and incidence of wilt disease in response to several fertilization regimes.

Rapid Determination of Nitrate Nitrogen Isotope in Water Using Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) Coupled with Deconvolution Algorithm.

Nitrate is a prominent pollutant in water bodies around the world. The isotopes in nitrate provide an effective approach to trace the sources and transformations of nitrate in water bodies. However, determination of isotopic composition by conventional analytical techniques is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive, and alternative methods are urgently needed.

Ecosystem Microbiome Science.

The microbiome contributes to multiple ecosystem functions and services through its interactions with a complex environment and other organisms. To date, however, most microbiome studies have been carried out on individual hosts or particular environmental compartments. This greatly limits a comprehensive understanding of the processes and functions performed by the microbiome and its dynamics at an ecosystem level.

In-situ monitoring of nitrate in industrial wastewater using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) coupled with chemometrics methods.

Quantitative prediction of nitrate contents in different industrial wastewater was carried out using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The algorithm of Gaussian deconvolution was applied in the spectral range of 1500-1200 cm to eliminate the background interferences on target information of nitrate, and partial least squares regression () model and support vector machine () model were developed for the prediction of nitrate. The results showed that the model ( = 0.

Geographic imprint and ecological functions of the abiotic component of periphytic biofilms.

We revealed abiotic components (extracellular polymeric substances, EPSs) in the periphytic biofilms. Further, the effect of the microbial community on the EPS, and the geodistribution patterns and ecological functions of the EPS were studied.

Fe-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Controlled Release of Fertilizer Nutrients.

Due to the controlled-delivery function of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gases, drugs, and pesticides, iron-based MOFs (Fe-MOFs) were explored in the laboratory as a novel fertilizer, which showed potential for use in the fertilizer industry; the challenge in the industrial scale application of Fe-MOFs in practical crop production was mainly the impact of scaling-up to energy and heat transfer, as well as the reaction yield. In this study, Fe-MOFs were hydrothermally synthesized both in the laboratory scale and in the pilot scale, their structure and components were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, and then their nutrient release and degradation behaviors were investigated. The results showed that Fe-MOFs were successfully synthesized in both scales with similar yields around 27%, and the Fe-MOFs showed a similar structure with the molecular formula of CHFeNOP.

Fungi stabilize multi-kingdom community in a high elevation timberline ecosystem.

Microbes dominate terrestrial ecosystems via their great species diversity and vital ecosystem functions, such as biogeochemical cycling and mycorrhizal symbiosis. Fungi and other organisms form diverse association networks. However, the roles of species belonging to different kingdoms in multi-kingdom community networks have remained largely elusive.

Biomimetic Modification of Water-Borne Polymer Coating with Carnauba Wax for Controlled Release of Urea.

Benefitting from the special structure of the leaf cuticle layer, plants have natural hydrophobicity and anti-fouling abilities. Inspired by the leaf surface structure, a biomimetic modification strategy was raised to improve the surface hydrophobicity of polyacrylate coating for controlled release fertilizer. Double-layer (polyacrylate and carnauba wax) coated fertilizer was obtained after biomimetic modification.

Dynamics, gene transfer, and ecological function of intracellular and extracellular DNA in environmental microbiome.

Extracellular DNA (eDNA) and intracellular DNA (iDNA) extensively exist in both terrestrial and aquatic environment systems and have been found to play a significant role in the nutrient cycling and genetic information transmission between the environment and microorganisms. As inert DNA sequences, eDNA is able to present stability in the environment from the ribosome enzyme lysis, therein acting as the historical genetic information archive of the microbiome. As a consequence, both eDNA and iDNA can shed light on the functional gene variety and the corresponding microbial activity.

In-situ rapid monitoring of nitrate in urban water bodies using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) coupled with deconvolution algorithm.

Urban river and lake systems show important ecological function, and eutrophication frequently occurs and results from human activities due to the limited self-regulating ability. Since nitrate (NO) is one of the key factors causing water eutrophication, its rapid qualification plays critical role in the eutrophication control and management. In this study, water samples were collected from typical water bodies from Nanjing in different seasons, and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was employed for the quantitative determination of NO coupled with algorithms of deconvolution and partial least squares regression (PLSR).

Linking soil fungi to bacterial community assembly in arid ecosystems.

Revealing the roles of biotic factors in driving community assembly, which is crucial for the understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, is a fundamental but infrequently investigated subject in microbial ecology. Here, combining a cross-biome observational study with an experimental microcosm study, we provided evidence to reveal the major roles of biotic factors (i.e.

Facet-Dependent Photoinduced Transformation of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Nanoparticles.

Microbial-mediated transformation of anthropogenic Cd controls its distribution, bioavailability, and potential risks. However, the processes readily form CdS nanoparticles (CdS-NPs), which exhibit dissolution behavior different from that of larger sized particles. Here, we investigated the effects of morphologies and facets of CdS-NPs on their photoinduced dissolution.

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Slow-Release Fertilizers.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were usually synthesized in hydrothermal conditions; in this study, a more energy-saving, easier to control, and solvent-free mechanochemical method was firstly applied to synthesize MOFs with varied reactants as slow release fertilizer, and the components and structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared total attenuated reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Results showed that three MOFs (compounds I, II, and III) were obtained, the MOFs were confirmed as oxalate phosphate oxalate frameworks (OPA-MOF), and ions were adsorbed between layers that contributed to the contents, while urea molecules mainly impacted the structure. The elemental compositions significantly varied among the three compounds; compound I showed the highest content of N (4.

Nano FeO embedded in montmorillonite with citric acid enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles towards diethyl phthalate.

Nano-FeO embedded in montmorillonite particles (Fe-Mt) were prepared to degrade diethyl phthalate (DEP) with citric acid (CA) under xenon light irradiation. Compared to pristine montmorillonite (Na-Mt), the embedding process increased 14.5-fold of iron content and 1.

In Situ Determination of Nitrate in Water Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy Coupled with Deconvolution Algorithm.

Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy has been used to determine the nitrate content in aqueous solutions. However, the conventional water deduction algorithm indicated considerable limits in the analysis of samples with low nitrate concentration. In this study, FTIR-ATR spectra of nitrate solution samples with high and low concentrations were obtained, and the spectra were then pre-processed with deconvolution curve-fitting (without water deduction) combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict the nitrate content.

Different effects of soil bacterial communities affected by biocontrol agent YH-07 on tomato wilt inhibition.

Bio-organic fertilizers based on biocontrol microorganisms have been widely applied to suppress soilborne diseases and improve crop yields. Studies on beneficial biocontrol agents have promoted the development of the bio-organic fertilizers in China. Our previous study demonstrated that a biocontrol agent, sp.