Age-specific prevalence and determinants of depression in long-term breast cancer survivors compared to female population controls.

Background: Depression is more prevalent in breast cancer (BC) survivors than in the general population. However, little is known about depression in long-term survivors. Study objectives were: (1) to compare the age-specific prevalence of depressive symptoms (a) in BC survivors vs female population controls, (b) in disease-free BC survivors vs BC survivors with self-reported recurrence vs controls, and (2) to explore determinants of depression in BC survivors.

Nurses' burden caused by sleep disturbances of nursing home residents with dementia: multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common in people with dementia. In nursing homes, this is frequently associated with residents' challenging behavior and potentially with nurses' burden. This study examined nurses' burden associated with nursing home residents' sleep disturbances.

Trajectories of Late-Life Disability Vary by the Condition Leading to Death.

Background: Previous research suggested that there might be distinct patterns of functional decline in the last years of life depending on the condition leading to death, but the validity of these results and hence the explanatory value of the condition leading to death for late-life disability are uncertain.

Methods: A total of 636 decedents from a cohort of 754 community-living persons, 70+ years of age (Yale PEP Study) provided 33 700 monthly observations of self-/proxy-reported disability during the last 5 years of life. Nonlinear trajectories and short-term fluctuations of late-life disability by condition leading to death (cancer, organ failure, frailty, severe dementia, sudden death, other) were estimated with flexible mixed spline regression models.

Frailty and depression: Reciprocal influences or common causes?

Background: Previous research demonstrated substantial associations between frailty and depression in late life, but it remains unclear whether this relationship is best explained by reciprocal influences of these variables or by common causes. This study investigated the interdependencies between frailty and depression across time by examining cross-lagged effects within individuals, while accounting for variability in baseline levels and long-term development between individuals.

Methods: We modeled longitudinal data from six panel waves gathered in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, covering a time period of up to 14 years.

Updated EORTC QLQ-C30 general population norm data for Germany.

Objective: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core questionnaire, QLQ-C30, is a frequently used patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument to assess health-related quality of life of patients with cancer. To enhance the understanding and interpretation of PRO data, it is important to obtain norm data from the general population. This article presents updated general population norm data for the EORTC QLQ-C30 for Germany.

Non-response in a national health survey in Germany: An intersectionality-informed multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy.

Background: Dimensions of social location such as socioeconomic position or sex/gender are often associated with low response rates in epidemiological studies. We applied an intersectionality-informed approach to analyze non-response among population strata defined by combinations of multiple dimensions of social location and subjective health in a health survey in Germany.

Methods: We used data from the cross-sectional sample of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) conducted between 2008 and 2011.

Practice of reporting social characteristics when describing representativeness of epidemiological cohort studies - A rationale for an intersectional perspective.

Representativeness has been defined as the degree of similarity of a study population compared to an external population. To characterize a study population, both health-related and social or demographic features should be considered according to current guidelines. However, little guidance is given on how to describe social complexity of study populations when aiming to conclude on representativeness.

Less sedentary time is associated with a more favourable glucose-insulin axis in obese pregnant women-a secondary analysis of the DALI study.

Background/objectives: Obese pregnant women are at high risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which might be reduced by sufficient physical activity (PA) and reduced sedentary time (ST). We assessed whether PA and ST are longitudinally associated with the glucose-insulin axis in obese pregnant women.

Subjects/methods: In this secondary analysis of the DALI (vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus prevention) study, pregnant women, <20 weeks gestation, with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 29 kg/m, without GDM on entry were included.

Oral cancer awareness campaign in Northern Germany: first positive trends in incidence and tumour stages.

Purpose: Oral cancer is a still underestimated public health problem. In Germany, until 2007, there was no systematic approach available for the purpose of raising the awareness of the public. From 2007 to 2011, a concept was developed for such an approach, and the campaign was launched in Northern Germany in 2012, and concluded in 2014.

Discussing the effects of prostate cancer beyond biographical disruption and new normalcy: the experiences of men with prostate cancer in Germany.

The concept of biographical disruption has been used to explain the experience of a cancer diagnosis. Studies on cancer experience increasingly suggest that people diagnosed in older age may not have such disruptive experiences. Prostate cancer is diagnosed more often in older men and is often considered a disease of old age; furthermore, the signs of illness in prostate cancer and the signs of ageing might become convoluted.

The patients' view: age-related macular degeneration and its effects - a meta-synthesis.

Aim: The aim of this meta-synthesis is to find out what it means for patients with age-related macular degeneration to live with visual impairment, how they cope with the illness and how they experience their medical care, including vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor therapy.

Method: Inclusion criteria: qualitative studies exploring patients' experiences with age-related macular degeneration in their daily lives and with medical care, published in journals in English or German. The included studies were analysed following the rules and principles of grounded theory.

Long-term Incidence and Mortality Trends for Breast Cancer in Germany.

Changes in risk factors and the introduction of mammography screening in 2005 have led to dramatic changes in the breast cancer-associated burden of disease in Germany. This study aimed to investigate long-term disease-related incidence and mortality trends in women from East and West Germany since the reunification of Germany. Total and stage-specific incidence rates were evaluated based on data obtained from selected cancer registries.

Characteristics of multicomponent, nonpharmacological interventions to reduce or avoid sleep disturbances in nursing home residents: a systematic review.

Background: Dementia guidelines propose the use of nonpharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances for older people. Based on available reviews, it seems most likely that multicomponent interventions have the strongest potential to be effective in improving sleep. However, a detailed description of multicomponent interventions is missing.

Development and Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire Assessing Self-Reported Generic Health Literacy in Adolescence.

Health literacy is a promising approach to promoting health and preventing disease among children and adolescents. Promoting health literacy in early stages of life could contribute to reducing health inequalities. However, it is difficult to identify concrete needs for action as there are few age-adjusted measures to assess generic health literacy in young people.

Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy in Patients with Moderate to Severe Heart Failure in Germany: A Cost-Utility Analysis of the Additional Defibrillator.

Background: Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is a well-established form of treatment for patients with heart failure and cardiac dyssynchrony. There are two different types of CRT devices: the biventricular pacemaker (CRT-P) and the biventricular defibrillator (CRT-D). The latter is more complex but also more expensive.

Do Medical Students in Their Fifth Year of Undergraduate Training Differ in Their Suitability to Become a "Good Doctor" Depending on Their Admission Criteria? A Pilot Study.

Background: In Germany, the pre-university grade point average (pu-GPA) has to be the main criterion for medical school applicant selection. This is also mandatory in the university-specific selection procedures (Auswahlverfahren der Hochschulen [AdH]). The admission framework has now been reworked following a judgement by the German Federal Constitutional Court.

Predictors of Fall Protective Behaviors Among Iranian Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory.

Purpose: The protection motivation theory (PMT) is a common framework understanding the use of protective behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of fall protective behaviors among community-dwelling older adults, Iran.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Qom, Iran, from May to October 2018.

The Effectiveness of Actively Induced Medical Rehabilitation in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: The poor evidence base is a major problem for the German rehabilitation sector. This trial focused on testing the efficacy and benefit of inpatient medical rehabilitation compared to routine care in a single common entity, namely, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: This pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design included gainfully employed patients with IBD who were covered by one of four statutory health insurance providers.

Frailty index predicts geriatric psychiatry inpatient mortality: a case-control study.

Background: Many geriatric psychiatry patients suffer from complex psychiatric and medical problems and a minority of patients dies in-hospital. We assess whether a frailty index (FI) predicts inpatient mortality.

Methods: Electronic health records from 276 patients of a geriatric psychiatry department over 3 years (2015-2017) in Austria were analysed using logistic regression analysis.

The relation of gender role attitudes with depression and generalised anxiety disorder in two Russian cities.

Background: Reported traditional gender role attitudes (GRAs) have been related to worse mental health in western countries. This study examined the link of GRAs with symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in two Russian cities.

Methods: We used interview data from the cross-sectional Know Your Heart Study conducted among 5099 adults aged 35-69 in the Russian cities of Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk between 2015 and 2017.

Predictive validity of a customized functional capacity evaluation in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

Purpose: To examine whether the performance-based work-related functional capacity evaluation (German title: Einschätzung körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeiten bei arbeitsbezogenen Aktivitäten-ELA) can predict return to work (RTW) in patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).

Methods: A multicenter cohort study was conducted on 162 employed or self-employed patients with various injury-related and chronic MSD, recruited from four outpatient rehabilitation clinics. Patient-reported data on health and work ability were collected at discharge.

International validation of the EORTC CAT Core: a new adaptive instrument for measuring core quality of life domains in cancer.

Background: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group (QLG) has developed computerised adaptive tests (CATs) for the 14 functional and symptom domains of the EORTC QLQ-C30 quality of life questionnaire. This is expected to optimise measurement precision, relevance to patients and flexibility. Here, we present the first international validation of the EORTC CAT Core.

Cancer Prevention in Primary Care: Perception of Importance, Recognition of Risk Factors and Prescribing Behaviors.

Purpose: Acceptability and uptake of cancer preventive interventions is associated with physician recommendation, which is dependent on physician familiarity with available preventive options. The goal of this study is to evaluate cancer prevention perceptions, understanding of breast and ovarian cancer risk factors, and prescribing behaviors of primary care physicians.

Methods: We conducted cross-sectional.

An observational study found large methodological heterogeneity in systematic reviews addressing prevalence and cumulative incidence.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess reporting and methodological aspects of systematic reviews (SRs) on prevalence and cumulative incidence data.

Study Design And Setting: We searched PubMed up to 18 April, 2018, and drew a random sample of eligible SRs.

Results: The included 215 SRs were reported in 187 different journals.