'Not in it for huge profits but because it's right': The contested moral economies of UK-India exports in health worker education and training.

While the growth of global markets in health-related services may have significant consequences for healthcare provisioning and training, it has received relatively little attention from the social sciences. This article examines UK-India, and specifically England-India, exports in health worker education and training as one such global market, drawing on sociological scholarship on moral economies to understand how trading in this field is constructed and legitimated by the individuals and organisations involved, what tensions evolve, and what is at stake in them. We employ a qualitative mixed methods approach using publicly available materials on existing UK-India collaborations and primary data from interviews with key stakeholders in India and the UK, including government departments, arms-length bodies, NHS Trusts, trade associations and private providers.

Identifying key policy objectives for strong primary care: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify key policy objectives by investigating the perception of important stakeholders and affected professionals concerning relevance and feasibility of a successful primary care (PC) reform.

Background: Since 2013, the Austrian PC system has been undergoing a reform process to establish multiprofessional primary care units. The reforms have various defined objectives and lack clear priorities.

Associations between overweight, obesity, and mental health: a retrospective study among European adults aged 50.

Background: The comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity have been well researched and scientifically proven while their relationship to mental health is still not verified.

Methods: This study is aimed at investigating reciprocal associations between obesity and mental health, and is intended to further analyze possible long-term effects using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). In order to do that, waves 4 and 8, conducted in 2010 and 2019/20 of this survey, were analyzed in a cross-lagged panel approach including 16,184 adult Europeans (50+) using multiple linear regression analysis focusing on the Body Mass Index (BMI), depression status and quality of life (QoL).

Feasibility of a patient-oriented navigation programme for patients with lung cancer or stroke in Germany: Protocol of the CoreNAVI study.

Background: Patient navigation programmes were introduced in the United States and recently gained interest in Germany, where the health care system is fragmented. Navigation programmes aim to decrease barriers to care for patients with age-associated diseases and complex care paths. Here we describe a feasibility study to evaluate a patient-oriented navigation model that was developed in a first project phase by integrating data about barriers to care, vulnerable patient populations and existing support services.

Transition to endemic: 2-year SARS-CoV-2 surveillance follow-up of the ELISA cohort.

https://bit.ly/43x8q6i.

Navigating responsible bio-political citizenship: Cross-country comparison of stigma in Covid-19 illness narratives in Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA.

This paper aims to further understanding of discourses of responsible bio-political citizenship during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. This was an interview-based qualitative study comparing experiences of 103 people who were ill with Covid for the first time across 2020 in Japan, Germany, the USA and the UK. Comparative thematic analysis explored discussion of responsibility in relation to Covid illness, experiences of social fracture and stigma, and the strategies employed to resist or mitigate stigma.

Knowledge and worries on motherhood choice in multiple sclerosis - a cross-sectional study on patient-reported outcome measures.

Background: Since multiple sclerosis (MS) is often diagnosed in young women, pregnancy is a common topic for women with MS (wwMS). The study aimed to assess the measurement properties of two patient-reported outcome measures on motherhood choice in MS, and to explore the information and support needs of wwMS concerning motherhood.

Methods: We conducted an anonymous web-based survey to validate the motherhood/pregnancy choice and worries questionnaire (MPWQ, 31 items plus up to 3 additional items) and the motherhood choice knowledge questionnaire (MCKQ, 16 items).

Physicians' perspectives on family caregivers' roles in elderly cancer patients' therapies: a qualitative, interview-based study.

Purpose: Clinical communication and facilitating informed and sound medical decisions become challenging as patients age and suffer from age-associated impairments. Family caregivers are perceived as essential actors in addressing these challenges. Here, we explore physicians' perspectives on family caregivers' roles and their involvement in consultations and therapy decision-making situations of elderly cancer patients.

Terminal Decline in Physical Function in Older Adults.

Background: It is currently unclear whether (and when) physical function exhibits a terminal decline phase, that is, a substantial acceleration of decline in the very last years before death.

Methods: 702 deceased adults aged 70 years and older from the Yale PEP Study provided 4 133 measurements of physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) up to 20 years before death. In addition, continuous gait and chair rise subtest scores (in seconds) were assessed.

Effectiveness of computer-based interventions for community-dwelling people with cognitive decline: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

Background: Cognitive deficits arise with age and can increase the risk for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which may result in dementia, leading to health problems, care dependency and institutionalization. Computer-based cognitive interventions (CCIs) have the potential to act as important counteraction functions in preserving or improving cognition concomitant to available pharmacological treatment. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of CCIs performed individually with a personal or tablet computer, game console, virtual, augmented, or mixed reality application on cognition in community-dwelling people with SCD, MCI and dementia.

Attitudes and knowledge of nurses working at night and sleep promotion in nursing home residents: multicenter cross-sectional survey.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common in nursing home residents and challenging for their nurses. Knowledge about sleep and sleep promoting factors is essential to provide adequate sleep management, where nurses play a key role. Therefore, nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards sleep and sleep promoting interventions is important as enabling or inhibiting factor for successful sleep management.

Psychosocial health and quality of life in ICSI and naturally conceived adolescents: a cross-sectional comparison.

Purpose: Psychosocial health (PH) and quality of life (QoL) are important health outcomes. We compared PH and QoL of adolescents conceived with intrazytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) and of naturally conceived controls. The impact of disclosure of ICSI-conception on QoL and PH was quantified.

The Psychosocial Impact of Parental Multiple Sclerosis on Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common debilitating neurologic disease that affects mostly young women. This review provides an overview of research on the psychosocial impact of parental MS on children to inform clinicians and support people with MS considering parenthood.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX databases.

Medical students' coping with stress and its predictors: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To analyse stress coping styles of medical students at different time points of medical education and to identify predictors of functional coping.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students (N = 497, 361 women and 136 men) before year one (n = 141), after year one (n = 135) and after year five (n = 220). Students answered the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, the Work-Related Behaviour and Experience Patterns, the Perceived Medical School Stress Instrument and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Postpartum relapse risk in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The influence of pregnancy on the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been controversial. While historical evidence suggests a substantial decline in relapse rates during pregnancy followed by a rebound in the postpartum period, more recent work yielded equivocal results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on data from cohort studies to determine whether women with MS experience increased relapse rates after delivery.

Study results from journals with a higher impact factor are closer to "truth": a meta-epidemiological study.

Background: Scientists, physicians, and the general public legitimately expect scholarly publications to give true answers to study questions raised. We investigated whether findings from studies published in journals with higher Journal Impact Factors (JIFs) are closer to truth than findings from studies in less-cited journals via a meta-epidemiological approach.

Methods: We screened intervention reviews from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and sought well-appraised meta-analyses.

Influence of students' personality on their leisure behaviour choices and moderating effects on their academic efficacy: An exploratory study.

Studying can be very stressful leading to a decreased academic efficacy. In this exploratory longitudinal study, we analysed a wide range of students' leisure activities and their effects on students' academic efficacy. Further, we identified the personality types of students who choose specific leisure activities as a strategy to stress reduction and determined how the use of leisure behaviours affects academic performance among students with different personality types.

Specialised nursing tasks in cancer care and their effects.

Several reviews are available on the effects of specific nursing tasks in oncology care. However, a synthesis across cancer entities and stages is lacking. To synthesise the results of reviews assessing the scope and effectiveness of tasks of nurses specifically qualified in cancer care.

Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia.

Background: Sleep disturbances occur frequently in people with dementia with a reported prevalence of up to 40%. Common problems are increased number and duration of awakenings and increased percentage of light sleep. Sleep disturbances are associated with a number of problems for people with dementia, their relatives, and carers.

Acculturation, Adaptation, and Health among Croatian Migrants in Austria and Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Since Croatia joined the European Union, majority of the studies on Croatian emigrants have predominantly addressed the reasons for migration and their future predictions. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the sense of coherence, health behavior, acculturation, adaptation, perceived health, and quality of life (QoL) in first-generation Croatian migrants living in Austria and Ireland. Our study is the first study that addresses the perceived health and QoL of Croatian migrants since the last emigration wave in 2013.

The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on older adults' loneliness: Evidence from high-frequency panel data in Austria (2020-2022).

Background: It is unclear how strong and long lasting the effects of recurring COVID-19 pandemic restrictions are on older adults' loneliness.

Methods: 457 retired older Austrians (60+) provided 9,489 repeated observations of loneliness across 30 survey waves of the Austrian Corona Panel Project between March 2020 and March 2022. Ordinal mixed regression models were used to estimate the effect of time-varying country-level strictness of COVID-19 restrictions (stringency index, range=0-100) on older adult's loneliness.