Indian and global scenarios of Bisphenol A distribution and its new analogues: Prevalence & probability exceedance.

We compare, the prevalence, fate, and sources of Bisphenol A both globally and in India. India has the highest concentration of BPA and Bisphenol S(BPS) in general, with vegetables, particularly corn, beans, strings, and raw or canned vegetables, being the largest contributors. Among all the matrices, bisphenols (BPs) are found in the highest concentration in food, followed by surface water, wastewater, and indoor dust.

Impact of ultraviolet-absorbing 2-hydroxy-4-quaternaryammoniumalkoxy benzophenone motif on photodegradation of disulfoton: a case study.

Pesticide deposits post-treatment and before diffusing inside the plants are exposed to sunlight. Many of them degrade into a variety of photoproducts that may be harmful to living beings through accidental ingestion. The addition of ultraviolet light absorbers to the pesticide formulations is an attractive strategy to prevent photodegradation of the pesticides.

Influence of Diet Composition on Cattle Rumen Methanogenesis: A Comparative Metagenomic Analysis in Indian and Exotic Cattle.

Comparative metagenomics approach has been used in this study to discriminate colonization of methanogenic population in different breeds of cattle. We compared two Indian cattle breeds (Gir and Kankrej) and two exotic cattle (Holstein and Jersey) breeds. Using a defined dietary plan for selected Indian varieties, the diet dependent shifts in microbial community and abundance of the enzymes associated with methanogenesis were studied.

Deep insights into carbohydrate metabolism in the rumen of Mehsani buffalo at different diet treatments.

Ruminants are known to harbour a vast and diverse microbial community that functions in utilizing the fibrous and starchy feedstuffs. The microbial fermentation of fibrous and starchy feed is carried out by different groups of microbiota, which function in synergistic mechanism. The exploration of the shift in carbohydrate utilizing microbial community with the change in diet will reveal the efficient role of that group of microbial community in particular carbohydrate utilization.

Biodegradation of kerosene: Study of growth optimization and metabolic fate of P. janthinellum SDX7.

Penicillum janthinellum SDX7 was isolated from aged petroleum hydrocarbon-affected soil at the site of Anand, Gujarat, India, and was tested for different pH, temperature, agitation and concentrations for optimal growth of the isolate that was capable of degrading upto 95%, 63% and 58% of 1%, 3% and 5% kerosene, respectively, after a period of 16 days, at optimal growth conditions of pH 6.0, 30 °C and 180 rpm agitation. The GC/MS chromatograms revealed that then-alkane fractions are easily degraded; however, the rate might be lower for branched alkanes, n-alkylaromatics, cyclic alkanes and polynuclear aromatics.

Metagenome of Mehsani buffalo rumen microbiota: an assessment of variation in feed-dependent phylogenetic and functional classification.

Aim: To gain a greater understanding of the ecology and metabolic potential of the rumen microbiome with the changes in the animal diet.

Methods: Diet composed of varying proportion of green and dry roughages along with grains was given to 8 Mehsani buffaloes, and rumen metagenome was sketched using shotgun semiconductor sequencing.

Results: In the present study, the Bacteroidetes were found to be dominant at the phyla level and Prevotella at the genus level.

Removal of heavy metals by biosorption using freshwater alga Spirogyra hyalina.

The use of biosorbents for heavy metal removal has revealed enormous potential of algae for biosorption. The dried biomass of Spirogyra hyalina was used as biosorbent for removal of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cobalt (Co) from aqueous solutions atdifferent initial concentrations of the heavy metals and contact time of the biomass. The results showed that highest amount of Cd, Hg and As was adsorbed when the initial heavy metal concentration was 40 mg l(-1) whereas Pb and Co exhibited greatest removal at 80 mg l(-1).

Chronic toxicity of a triazole fungicide tebuconazole on the growth and metabolic activities of heterocystous, nitrogen-fixing paddy field cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifica Janet.

This study explored the chronic and harmful effects of different doses of the triazole fungicide, tebuconazole, on the growth, and metabolic and enzymatic variations in the filamentous paddy field cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifica Janet. The growth of the cyanobacterium was determined by an estimation of the change in pigment contents. Chlorophyll-a, carotenoids and accessory pigments such as phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin, were shown to decline over a 16-day period by a factor of 92%, 93%, 83%, 95% and 100%, respectively, with increasing doses of the fungicide.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fatty Hydrazides of By-products of Oil Processing Industry.

Some new 2-alkyl-5-mercapto-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and 3-alkyl-5-mercapto-1,2,3-4H triazoles were synthesized from hydrazides of acid oil and oil recovered from spent bleaching earth. These newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis and evaluated for biological properties. Certain derivatives exhibited fairly high antibacterial and antifungal activities when compared with streptomycin and immidil used as standard antibacterial and antifungal agents respectively.

Bioconversion of heptanal to heptanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely known for its catalytic activity on substrates such as aldehyde and ketone. Interestingly, the activity of S. cerevisiae on heptanal (C(6)H(13)CHO), in spite of its being a very common aldehyde, has not been explored.

Study of plasma level of atorvastatin and its effect on lipid profile.

Atorvastatin, being one of the most commonly used antihyperlipidemic agents, is prescribed frequently by physicians all over the world but only a few data is available stating its effect in different ethnic population, more so from this part of India. The present study was designed focusing mainly on local population and was planned to determine plasma level of atorvastatin 10 mg and its effect on lipid profile in newly diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients attending Medical OPD of Shri Krishna Hospital, Karamsad (Gujarat). Study-I was carried out in 6 healthy volunteers to determine t(max) after single dose of atorvastatin 10 mg under fasting conditions, on the basis of which Study-II was conducted in 15 patients, collecting blood samples at a particular time (i.

Heavy metal uptake and its effect on macronutrients, chlorophyll, protein, and peroxidase activity of Paspalum distichum grown on sludge-dosed soils. Heavy metal uptake and its effect on P. distichum.

This study assessed the heavy metal (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) uptake and its effect on biochemical parameters in Paspalum distichum, a wetland plant. Sludge collected from Bhalswa waste dump, New Delhi, was used as heavy metal source and dosed in different proportions viz. 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% to the garden soil.

Chalk dustfall during classroom teaching: particle size distribution and morphological characteristics.

The study was undertaken to examine the nature of particulate chalk dust settled on classroom floor during traditional teaching with dusting and non-dusting chalks on two types of boards viz. rough and smooth. Settling chalk particles were collected for 30 min during teaching in glass Petri plates placed in classrooms within 3 m distance from the teaching boards.

Comparative study of removal of Cr(VI) with PAC, GAC and adsorbent prepared from tobacco roots.

Tobacco roots activated carbon (TRAC) has been prepared from tobacco roots impregnated with 20% of ZnCl2 and carbonized at 6000 degrees C. Its adsorption capacity has been tested for the treatment of wastewater containing hexavalent chromium. The experiments were carried out in a batch process to study the different system variables such as concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time.

Short-term emissions of ammonia and carbon dioxide from cattle urine contaminated tropical grassland microcosm.

The study was designed to understand the emissions of ammonia (NH(3)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) from a single cattle urination event on a tropical grassland and underline the significance of the emissions in the context of huge animal population grazing on large pasture areas in some countries. Emissions of ammonia (NH(3)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) were monitored for three weeks from a tropical grassland (dominated by Cynodon dactylon Pers.) microcosm contaminated with cow and buffalo urine.

Emission of methane and carbon dioxide and earthworm survival during composting of pharmaceutical sludge and spent mycelia.

Emissions of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from spent mycelia of the mold Penicilium notatum and sludge from the effluent treatment facility (ETPS) of a pharmaceutical industry were estimated twice during a two-week composting before vermicomposting. These wastes are dumped in landfills or sometimes used in agricultural fields and no reports are available on their greenhouse gas producing potentials. The solid wastes contained appreciable organic carbon and nitrogen while very high Fe, Mn and Zn were found in ETPS only.

Suppression of nitrification and N2O emission by karanjin--a nitrification inhibitor prepared from karanja (Pongamia glabra Vent.).

A laboratory incubation study was undertaken to study nitirification and N2O emission in an alluvial, sandy loam soil (typic ustochrept), fertilized with urea and urea combined with different levels of two nitrification inhibitors viz. karanjin and dicyandiamide (DCD). Karanjin [a furanoflavonoid, obtained from karanja (Pongamia glabra Vent.