Reversed loneliness development after age 65 for men and women: Modeling of the age trajectories of loneliness using national cohorts in Taiwan and Japan.

Aim: This study depicts the age trajectories of loneliness and gender differences among older adults in Taiwan and Japan.

Methods: Two nationally representative data sets for older adults in Taiwan and Japan were obtained from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA, 1996-2011) and the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly (NSJE, 1996-2012), respectively. The analytic sample included 3037 and 1974 older adults aged 65 and over at baseline in Taiwan and Japan, respectively.

Advantages of Mutant Generation by Genome Rearrangements of Non-Conventional Yeast via Direct Nuclease Transfection.

We previously developed a genome engineering method (TAQing2.0) based on the direct delivery of DNA endonucleases into living cells, which induces genome rearrangements even in non-sporulating nonconventional yeasts without introducing foreign DNA. Using TAQing2.

Indirect presentation of mismatched human leukocyte antigen-B associates with outcomes of cord blood transplantation.

Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a valuable donor source for patients without human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. While CBT has a lower risk of graft-versus-host disease and requires less stringent histocompatibility, it is associated with a higher transplantation-related mortality (TRM) compared to other donor sources. We hypothesized that assessing the immunogenicity of mismatched HLA could reveal non-permissive mismatches contributing to increased TRM.

Phylogenetic Study of Local Patterns Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Transmission in a Semi-Isolated Population in a Remote Island in Japan Between 2011 and 2013.

Background: Influenza A outbreak risk is impacted by the potential for importation and local transmission. Reconstructing transmission history with phylogenetic analysis of genetic sequences can help assess outbreak risk but relies on regular collection of genetic sequences. Few influenza genetic sequences are collected in Japan, which makes phylogenetic analysis challenging, especially in rural, remote settings.

Association between mental health and professional quality of life among advocates for victims of sexual assault: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Advocates for victims of sexual assault are exposed to the traumatic events of victims, which can lead to occupational stress. Occupational stress specific to advocates who support victims can cause compassion fatigue and burnout, which can worsen their mental health. Furthermore, such exposure could lead to compassion satisfaction, which, in turn, may buffer compassion fatigue and burnout.

Observation of an Associative State in Aqueous Hydroxide.

The dynamics of chemical reactions in solution are of paramount importance in fields ranging from biology to materials science. Because the hydrogen-bond network and proton dynamics govern the behavior of aqueous solutions, they have been the subject of numerous studies over the years. Here, we report the observation of a previously unknown associative state in the hydroxide ion that forms when a proton from a neighboring water molecule approaches the hydroxide ion, utilizing resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS) and quantum dynamical simulations.

Highly malignant tumor cells accumulate less PpIX and enhanced cell dormancy increases PpIX accumulation.

Background: 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD) is a method for real-time diagnosis of cancer areas based on the specific accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor cells following ALA administration and subsequent detection using fluorescence. However, its effectiveness is limited due to false negatives caused by tumor cells accumulating low amounts of PpIX after ALA administration. In order to increase the detection sensitivity of ALA-PDD, it is important to understand the characteristics of cells with low or high PpIX accumulation.

A unified neural representation model for spatial and conceptual computations.

The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex encode spaces by spatially local and hexagonal grid activity patterns (place cells and grid cells), respectively. In addition, the same brain regions also implicate neural representations for nonspatial, semantic concepts (concept cells). These observations suggest that neurocomputational mechanisms for spatial knowledge and semantic concepts are related in the brain.

The Association Between the Dietary Fatty Acid Fraction and Healthy Life Expectancy: Global Spatiotemporal Epidemiology from 2010 to 2019.

Background: As the global population ages, extending not only the life expectancy (LE) but also the healthy life expectancy (HALE) has become a critical public health objective. Dietary choices, especially the intake of various fatty acids, may play a role in achieving good health.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the intake of fatty acid (FA) fractions across different countries and explore its associations with HALE and LE from 2010 to 2019 according to publicly available international data.

Novel cell-to-cell communications between macrophages and fibroblasts regulate obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis.

Recent evidence has shown that adipose tissue eventually develops fibrosis through complex cellular crosstalk. Although advances in single-cell transcriptomics have provided new insights into cell diversity during this process, little is known about the interactions among the distinct cell types. In this study, we employed single-cell analytical approaches to investigate cell-tocell communications between macrophages and fibroblasts in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice.

Retrospective nationwide survey of pediatric RDD in Japan: a high prevalence of mutations in the kinase pathway genes.

Background: Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD) is a rare form of histiocytosis, characterized by the accumulation of S100 protein-positive and CD1a-negative histiocytes with emperipolesis. Recently, oncogenic mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway genes were reported in nearly half of RDD patients.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective survey of childhood RDD in Japan.

Effect of conditioning intensity on late complications in AYA who underwent allogeneic HCT during childhood.

We retrospectively analyzed the effect of conditioning intensity on 22 late complications in 145 adolescent and young adults who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in childhood. Seventy-six patients received myeloablative conditioning (MAC), while 69 received reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC). Incidence rates of late complications (≥ 1), organ dysfunction, endocrine/metabolic abnormalities, and psychosocial issues in evaluable patients were 71.

Gilteritinib versus salvage chemotherapy in predominantly Asian patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: a regional analysis of COMMODORE in China, South-East Asia, and Russia.

The COMMODORE study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of gilteritinib versus salvage chemotherapy (SC) treatment in a predominantly Asian population with relapsed/refractory (R/R) FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated() acute myeloid leukemia (AML); here we present an exploratory analysis of the study stratified by region (China, South-East Asia and Russia). COMMODORE was a Phase 3, open-label, randomized (1:1), multicenter trial. There were 151, 50, and 33 patients in the China, South-East Asia, and Russia cohorts, respectively.

Mutations in the ilvN gene mitigate growth inhibitory effect of cysteine in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Cysteine, a common amino acid used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, has a growth inhibitory effect. This growth inhibition by cysteine poses a problem, as the production of cysteine using microbial cells results in decreased cell growth and cysteine productivity. The underlying mechanism of growth inhibition by cysteine is unclear.

Experiment-in-loop interactive optimization of polymer composites for "5G-and-beyond" communication technologies.

"Fifth-generation-and-beyond" communication technologies have sparked considerable demand for polymer composite materials with low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and low dielectric loss at high operation frequencies. However, the complexity of process parameters and the lack of knowledge about fabrication procedures hinder this goal. In this study, state-of-the-art experiment-in-loop Bayesian optimization (EiL-BO) was developed to optimize a composite of a perfluoroalkoxyalkane matrix with silica fillers.

Application of versatile reverse genetics system for feline coronavirus.

Unlabelled: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). Although multiple gene mutations in FCoV likely account for FIP pathogenesis, molecular studies for FCoV have been limited due to the lack of a suitable reverse genetics system. In the present study, we established a rapid PCR-based system to generate recombinant FCoV using the circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) method for both serotype 1 and 2 viruses.

Patient Preferences for Post-Radical Cystectomy Treatment in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Japan.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the treatment preferences of Japanese patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) by quantifying their trade-offs between treatment attributes using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Methods: A DCE was conducted among MIBC patients post-radical cystectomy. Participants were presented with hypothetical treatment options differing in attributes such as efficacy Disease-free survival (DFS), side effects, administration, and cost.

sp. nov., a novel red yeast of the order Sporidiobolales isolated from Thailand, Indonesia and Japan.

Six yeast strains, representing a novel anamorphic species of the genus , were investigated in this study. Among them, three strains, SU21, SU16 and SU14, were obtained from three different fruiting bodies of wild mushrooms in Thailand. One strain (ISM36-1) was isolated from soil in Japan, and two strains were isolated from soil (14Y315) and leaf litter (Y15Kr055) collected in Indonesia.

Effects of Biopsychosocial Model-Based Patient Education on Pain and Pain-Related Risk Factors After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Background: The impact of interventions based on a biopsychosocial (BPS) model, including components related to sleep and nutrition, on pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to develop patient education (PE) based on the BPS model and to clarify its effects on pain after TKA.

Methods: Participants were 121 patients who had undergone unilateral TKA for knee osteoarthritis.

Learning Experiences in an Intensive Vaccination Training Course in Japan: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Medical students rarely have opportunities to perform common clinical procedures, and this is especially true in Japan. An intensive vaccination training course was developed to resolve this issue. Medical students experienced (almost) their first experience with needles in a live person with the help of their colleagues and supervisors and seemed to learn various things during the course.

Influence of previous health guidance history: impact and limitations of a single health guidance session.

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a significant health concern in the working-age population. Since 2008, Japan has mandated health insurers to implement Specific Health Checkups to identify individuals with MS and preliminary groups, making Specific Health Guidance (SHG) compulsory for these groups. People receiving SHG multiple times is increasing as it is conducted as an annual public program.

G-CSF-combined conditioning in allogeneic transplantation for non-remission acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2).

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) has a dismal prognosis and poor response to conventional chemotherapy.