Whose sleep matters? Untangling the relationships between maternal sleep, child sleep, and maternal depressive symptoms in the first two years of life.

Infants frequently experience sleep problems in early childhood. Poor infant sleep can impact not only infants' cognitive development but also maternal sleep and maternal mental health. Studies have reported associations between infant sleep and maternal sleep and between infant sleep and maternal depression.

Induction of MASH-like pathogenesis in the Nwd1 mouse liver.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores Ca and plays crucial roles in protein folding, lipid transfer, and it's perturbations trigger an ER stress. In the liver, chronic ER stress is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Dysfunction of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2), a key regulator of Ca transport from the cytosol to ER, is associated with the induction of ER stress and lipid droplet formation.

Towards an intelligent integrated methodology for accurate determination of volume percentages in three-phase flow systems.

Accurate determination of volume percentages in three-phase fluids is paramount for the success of various industrial processes, ranging from oil and gas production to chemical engineering. This study presents a comprehensive approach to this challenge by leveraging advanced signal processing techniques and machine learning paradigms. Our methodology integrates the time, frequency, and wavelet transform features extracted from X-ray-based measurement systems whose structure consists of an X-ray tube source, two sodium iodide detectors, and a test pipe, all of which were simulated using the Monte Carlo N Particle code.

Multiparasitism enables a specialist endoparasitoid to complete parasitism in an unsuitable host caterpillar.

Parasitoid wasps serve as natural enemies of numerous insect species; therefore, knowledge of host-parasitoid interactions is fundamental for understanding ecosystems. Each endoparasitoid wasp taxon exhibits a specific host range. Female parasitoids, however, occasionally oviposit into non-host species.

Integer topological defects offer a methodology to quantify and classify active cell monolayers.

Monolayers of confluent elongated cells are frequently considered active nematics, featuring topological defects. In extensile systems, where cells extend further along their long axis, they can accumulate at defects and escape from defects. Nevertheless, collective dynamics surrounding integer defects remain insufficiently understood.

Local-structure insight into the improved superconducting properties of Pb-substituted La(O, F)BiS: a photoelectron holography study.

Pb-substituted La(O, F)BiS (Pb-LaOFBiS) exhibits improved superconducting properties and a resistivity anomaly around 100 K that is attributed to a structural transition. We have performed temperature(T)-dependent photoelectron holography (PEH) to study dopant incorporation sites and the local structure change across the anomaly. The PEH study of Pb-LaOFBiS provided evidence for the dominant incorporation sites of Pb and F: Pb atoms are incorporated into the Bi sites and F atoms are incorporated into the O site.

A data-driven generative strategy to avoid reward hacking in multi-objective molecular design.

Molecular design using data-driven generative models has emerged as a promising technology, impacting various fields such as drug discovery and the development of functional materials. However, this approach is often susceptible to optimization failure due to reward hacking, where prediction models fail to extrapolate, i.e.

Comprehensive evaluation of pipelines for classification of psychiatric disorders using multi-site resting-state fMRI datasets.

Objective classification biomarkers that are developed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data are expected to contribute to more effective treatment for psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, no widely accepted biomarkers are available at present, partially because of the large variety of analysis pipelines for their development. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated analysis pipelines using a large-scale, multi-site fMRI dataset for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Metallothionein, an endogenous antioxidant protein, protects against acute lung injury caused by air pollutants.

Reducing deaths and diseases due to air pollution is a global challenge enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals. Currently, there is an urgent need to discover factors that protect the lungs and bronchi, which are the first to be injured and undergo oxidative stress when air pollutants enter the body, and to establish methods to prevent their onset and progression. Metallothionein, a protein present in humans that exerts detoxification and antioxidant effects on toxic metals, has long been known to exert protective effects against liver and kidney diseases.

Source ability is regulated by THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6 in rice.

An indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-glucose hydrolase, THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6 (TGW6), negatively regulates rice grain weight and starch accumulation before heading. A 1-bp deletion in tgw6 results in loss of function and enhances grain size and yield. Thus, TGW6 has been a target for breeding strains with increased rice yield.

Identifying Adverse Events in Outpatients With Prostate Cancer Using Pharmaceutical Care Records in Community Pharmacies: Application of Named Entity Recognition.

Background: Androgen receptor axis-targeting reagents (ARATs) have become key drugs for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ARATs are taken long term in outpatient settings, and effective adverse event (AE) monitoring can help prolong treatment duration for patients with CRPC. Despite the importance of monitoring, few studies have identified which AEs can be captured and assessed in community pharmacies, where pharmacists in Japan dispense medications, provide counseling, and monitor potential AEs for outpatients prescribed ARATs.

Comparing color qualia structures through a similarity task in young children versus adults.

Examination of the subjective qualitative aspects of an experience, or "qualia" in short, is a fundamental and core aspect of consciousness research. How can we characterize the particular quality of redness, i.e.

Lipid structure-dependent CD1d functional stabilization and immunomodulation of endogenous glucosylceramides.

Newly developed synthetic methods for monoglycosylceramides enabled representative brain glycolipid synthesis. Immunomodulatory activities of the glycolipids were examined CD1d and Mincle. CD1d strongly bound endogenous GlcCer with longer unsaturated fatty acids (, C24:1), partly inhibiting other antigens and stabilizing CD1d's immunological role in presenting lipid antigens to NKT cells.

Optogenetically-induced sustained hypothalamic hyperexcitability impairs memory via thalamic spread.

Objective: Clinical investigators have hypothesized that interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) generated by hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) lead to cognitive dysfunction in patients with drug-resistant gelastic seizures. Herein we provide causal evidence supporting this hypothesis by demonstrating that excitatory neural bursts, when propagating from the HH to the mediodorsal thalamus during the encoding period, impair working memory.

Methods: By employing channelrhodopsin-2 photostimulation, we induced excessive neural excitation in Long-Evans rats, resembling IEDs, at the axon terminals of the lateral hypothalamus projecting toward the mediodorsal thalamus and prelimbic cortex.

Acetic acid-induced stress granules function as scaffolding complexes for Hog1 activation by Pbs2.

Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) respond to a wide variety of stressors. In most cases, the pathways through which specific stress signals are transmitted to the SAPK are not known. We show that the yeast SAPK Hog1 is activated by acetic acid through an intracellular mechanism that does not involve stimulation of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway beyond its basal level.

Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus and age-stratified treatment trends in the Japanese population: a cross-sectional study based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan and explore its treatment regimens in different age groups.

Methods: We identified patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from the national database of anonymized health insurance-related information; they had disease names associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and were treated with glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, or immunosuppressants. These data were used to investigate disease prevalence and profiles in Japan.

Functional dissection of the C-terminal domain of rabies virus RNA polymerase L protein.

Unlabelled: The rabies virus large (L) protein interacts with its cofactor phosphoprotein (P protein) to function as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the L protein plays a critical role in P protein binding. We previously reported that the highly conserved NPYNE sequence in the hydrophilic region of the CTD (positions 1929-1933 of the L protein [L1929-1933]) is important for both P protein binding and RdRp function.

The role of surgical resection of the primary tumor in metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the role of extirpative surgery for the primary tumor in metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (mUTUC).

Recent Findings: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched on July 2024 to identify relevant studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) statement. Studies were eligible for analysis if they compared oncologic outcomes between mUTUC patients who underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor and patients who did not.

Enzyme cycling method using hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase: a highly sensitive assay for pyrophosphate.

We developed a novel enzyme cycling method using hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) (EC 2.4.2.

Combined Loss of Obsc and Obsl1 in Murine Hearts Results in Diastolic Dysfunction, Altered Metabolism, and Deregulated Mitophagy.

Background: Muscle proteins of the obscurin protein family play important roles in sarcomere organization and sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubule architecture and function. However, their precise molecular functions and redundancies between protein family members as well as their involvement in cardiac diseases remain to be fully understood.

Methods: To investigate the functional roles of Obsc (obscurin) and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) in the heart, we generated and analyzed knockout mice for , , as well as double knockouts.

Indirect ELISA-based detection of histatin 3 and cystatin D for the forensic identification of human saliva.

Analyzing forensically relevant body fluids contributes to proving criminal acts, and saliva is often left on the scene, especially in sexual assault cases. Currently, saliva is presumptively identified using its salivary α-amylase activity as an indicator. However, the specificity of saliva presumptive tests is low, and therefore, they cannot confidently prove the presence of saliva.

Comparative and Functional Analysis of Exosomal microRNAs During Semelparous Reproduction in Ayu Fish ().

As a life history strategy, some semelparous organisms, such as the ayu fish (), reproduce only once in their lifetime and then die. They invest heavily in their single reproductive event, producing many offspring. However, the regulatory mechanisms that trigger mortality after reproduction are not well understood.

Modeling Liver Fibrosis Progression in Patients With Viral Hepatitis Using the Machine Learning Tool Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn).

Background and aim The natural progression of liver fibrosis and its association with biomarker changes have not been fully established in the literature. This study aimed to investigate liver fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using a novel machine learning tool called 'Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn).' SuStaIn can identify disease progression patterns and subgroups from cross-sectional biomarker data.

Cu-chelated InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs as PET/fluorescence dual-modal probe for tumor imaging.

Positron emission tomography (PET)/fluorescence dual-modal imaging combines deep penetration and high resolution, making it a promising approach for tumor diagnostics. Semiconductor nanocrystals, known as quantum dots (QDs), have garnered significant attention for fluorescence imaging owing to their tunable emission wavelength, high quantum yield, and excellent photostability. Among these QDs, heavy metal-free InP-based QDs have emerged as a promising candidate, addressing concerns regarding heavy metal-related toxicity.