Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V and scGOS/lcFOS Supplementation to Dams Ameliorates Infant Rotavirus Infection in Early Life.

The immune system of newborns is underdeveloped, leaving them susceptible to infections like rotavirus (RV). Despite vaccines, RV remains a leading cause of child mortality, especially in developing countries. Maternal immunity is transferred during pregnancy and breastfeeding to the offspring providing protection against RV infection.

Impact of maternal ve M-16V and scGOS/lcFOS supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the maternal immune system and milk composition.

Introduction: Maternal synbiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can significantly influence the immune system. Prebiotics and probiotics have a positive impact on the immune system by preventing or ameliorating among others intestinal disorders. This study focused on the immunomodulatory effects of M-16V and short chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS)/long chain fructo-oligosachairdes (lcFOS), including systemic and mucosal compartments and milk composition.

Semaphorin 4B is an ADAM17-cleaved adipokine that inhibits adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis.

Objective: The metalloprotease ADAM17 (also called TACE) plays fundamental roles in homeostasis by shedding key signaling molecules from the cell surface. Although its importance for the immune system and epithelial tissues is well-documented, little is known about the role of ADAM17 in metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ADAM17 expression, specifically in adipose tissues, on metabolic homeostasis.

Circulating Microvesicles in Association with the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Coronary Thrombi from STEMI Patients.

Microvesicles (MVs) are actively secreted by cells. The NLRP3-inflammasome and the interleukin 6 (IL-6)-pathways are central in cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of how the inflammasome influences the MVs is limited.

A compound directed against S6K1 hampers fat mass expansion and mitigates diet-induced hepatosteatosis.

The ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is a relevant effector downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), best known for its role in the control of lipid homeostasis. Consistent with this, mice lacking the S6k1 gene have a defect in their ability to induce the commitment of fat precursor cells to the adipogenic lineage, which contributes to a significant reduction of fat mass. Here, we assess the therapeutic blockage of S6K1 in diet-induced obese mice challenged with LY2584702 tosylate, a specific oral S6K1 inhibitor initially developed for the treatment of solid tumors.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in First-Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Despite mixed findings, increasing evidence suggests that people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) show increased pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative status. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a systematic literature search of cross-sectional studies comparing in vivo inflammatory and oxidative blood markers between FEP patients and healthy controls. We analyzed 61 independent samples from 59 publications, including 3002 patients with FEP (ie, patients with FEP, early psychosis, first-episode schizophrenia or early schizophrenia) and 2806 controls.

Identification of ADHD risk genes in extended pedigrees by combining linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic background, hampering identification of underlying genetic risk factors. We hypothesized that combining linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in multi-generation pedigrees with multiple affected individuals can point toward novel ADHD genes. Three families with multiple ADHD-affected members (N = 70) and apparent dominant inheritance pattern were included in this study.

Glaucoma diagnostic capacity of optic nerve head haemoglobin measures compared with spectral domain OCT and HRT III confocal tomography.

Purpose: The computer program laguna onhe determines optic nerve head haemoglobin (ONH Hb) on retinal photographs based on detecting colour differences. This study compares the diagnostic capacity of Laguna ONhE with that of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal tomography (HRT III).

Methods: In a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, glaucomatous (n = 66) and healthy (n = 52) eyes were examined by Spectralis OCT, HRT III and Laguna ONhE.

Meta-analysis of the DRD5 VNTR in persistent ADHD.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with a complex genetic background. DRD5, the gene encoding the dopamine receptor D5, was recently confirmed as a candidate gene for ADHD in children through meta-analysis. In this study, we aimed at studying the association of the ADHD-associated variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism upstream of DRD5 with adult ADHD.

On the role of NOS1 ex1f-VNTR in ADHD-allelic, subgroup, and meta-analysis.

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder featuring complex genetics with common and rare variants contributing to disease risk. In a high proportion of cases, ADHD does not remit during adolescence but persists into adulthood. Several studies suggest that NOS1, encoding nitric oxide synthase I, producing the gaseous neurotransmitter NO, is a candidate gene for (adult) ADHD.

Intermittent hypoxia and diet-induced obesity: effects on oxidative status, sympathetic tone, plasma glucose and insulin levels, and arterial pressure.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) consists of sleep-related repetitive obstructions of upper airways that generate episodes of recurrent or intermittent hypoxia (IH). OSA commonly generates cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies defining the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Literature usually links OSA-associated pathologies to IH episodes that would cause an oxidative status and a carotid body-mediated sympathetic hyperactivity.

The effects of intermittent hypoxia on redox status, NF-κB activation, and plasma lipid levels are dependent on the lowest oxygen saturation.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is described as repetitive obstructions of the upper airways during sleep, causing concomitant episodes of systemic hypoxia and associated cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. The mechanisms generating these pathologies are controversial. Because recurrent hypoxia is the element of inadequate respiration that leads to the pathology, experimental models of OSAS consist in the exposure of the animals to intermittent hypoxia (IH) by cycling O2 percentages in their habitats.

Role of prolactin in the recovered T-cell development of early partially decapitated chicken embryo.

Although different experimental approaches have suggested certain regulation of the mammalian immune system by the neuroendocrine system, the precise factors involved in the process are largely unknown. In previous reports, we demonstrated important changes in the thymic development of chickens deprived of the major neuroendocrine centers by the removal of embryonic prosencephalon at 33-38 hr of incubation (DCx embryos) (Herradón et al., 1991; Moreno et al.

Leishmania infantum is clonal in AIDS patients too: epidemiological implications.

Objective: To test, in AIDS patients, a previously proposed hypothesis of clonal population structure in Leishmania infantum, the agent of visceral leishmaniasis.

Design: Forty-three stocks of L. infantum isolated from AIDS patients in Spain were analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.