Possible long-proboscid insect pollinators from the Early Permian of Russia.

Insect pollination is one of the hallmarks of flowering plants. Bees, moths, flies, and some other pollinators evolved elongate siphonate mouthparts for sucking concealed nectar and occasionally other liquids. However, it is clear from the fossil record that insects with similar adaptations appeared long before the mid-Cretaceous radiation of angiosperms.

Catalogue of the Diptera (Insecta) of Morocco- an annotated checklist, with distributions and a bibliography.

The faunistic knowledge of the Diptera of Morocco recorded from 1787 to 2021 is summarized and updated in this first catalogue of Moroccan Diptera species. A total of 3057 species, classified into 948 genera and 93 families (21 Nematocera and 72 Brachycera), are listed. Taxa (superfamily, family, genus and species) have been updated according to current interpretations, based on reviews in the literature, the expertise of authors and contributors, and recently conducted fieldwork.

The Heliosphere and Local Interstellar Medium from Neutral Atom Observations at Energies Below 10 keV.

As the heliosphere moves through the surrounding interstellar medium, a fraction of the interstellar neutral helium, hydrogen, and heavier species crossing the heliopause make it to the inner heliosphere as neutral atoms with energies ranging from few eV to several hundred eV. In addition, energetic neutral hydrogen atoms originating from solar wind protons and from pick-up ions are created through charge-exchange with interstellar atoms. This review summarizes all observations of heliospheric energetic neutral atoms and interstellar neutrals at energies below 10 keV.

Preventing a global transition to thermoacoustic instability by targeting local dynamics.

The burning of fossil fuels to generate power produces harmful emissions. Lowering such emissions in gas turbine engines is possible by operating them at fuel-lean conditions. However, such strategies often fail because, under fuel-lean conditions, the combustors are prone to catastrophic high-amplitude oscillations known as thermoacoustic instability.

Pollen wall and tapetal development in Cymbalaria muralis: the role of physical processes, evidenced by in vitro modelling.

Our aim was to unravel the underlying mechanisms of pollen wall development in Cymbalaria muralis. By determining the sequence of developing substructures with TEM, we intended to compare it with that of other taxa and clarify whether physical processes of self-assembly and phase separation were involved. In parallel, we tried to simulate in vitro the substructures observed in Cymbalaria muralis exine development, using colloidal mixtures, to determine whether purely physical self-assembly processes could replicate them.

System analysis of the fast global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. Can we avoid future pandemics under global climate change?

The recent fast global spread of COVID-19 caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) questions why and how the disease managed to be so effective against existing health protection measures. These measures, developed by many countries over centuries and strengthened over the last decades, proved to be ineffective against COVID-19. The sharp increase in human longevity and current transport systems in economically developing countries with the background of persisting cultural frameworks and stable local pools of high bacterial and viral mutations generated the wide gap between the established health protection systems and the new emerging diseases.

The stochastic organization of genomes and the doctrine of energy-information evolution based on bio-antenna arrays.

The article is devoted to the possibilities of considering the evolution of biological systems in connection with the unique emergent properties of antenna arrays, that is, systems of mutually matched antennas widely used in technology. Materials are presented in favor of the proposition that the evolution of biosystems can be formally considered as the evolution of systems of bio-antenna arrays and their energy-information wave activity, which participates in biological computation and contributes to the unification of body parts into a coherent whole. The use of digital antenna arrays in technology is based on their tensor-matrix theory.

Multipartite Correlations in Quantum Collision Models.

Quantum collision models have proved to be useful for a clear and concise description of many physical phenomena in the field of open quantum systems: thermalization, decoherence, homogenization, nonequilibrium steady state, entanglement generation, simulation of many-body dynamics, and quantum thermometry. A challenge in the standard collision model, where the system and many ancillas are all initially uncorrelated, is how to describe quantum correlations among ancillas induced by successive system-ancilla interactions. Another challenge is how to deal with initially correlated ancillas.

A review of mites and ticks parasitizing rock lizards (Lacertidae: ).

Rock lizards of the genus are interesting research models due to their asexual reproduction. Ectoparasitic mites and ticks of these lizards are poorly known, despite some of these chelicerates being vector pathogens of humans and wildlife. Here we document and curate previously known data on ectoparasitic Acari of rock lizards and, based on our extensive survey, provide an annotated list of these ectoparasitic arthropods (six tick species, one macronyssid species, and seven chigger species).

In Search for the Avian Trigeminal Magnetic Sensor: Distribution of Peripheral and Central Terminals of Ophthalmic Sensory Neurons in the Night-Migratory Eurasian Blackcap ().

In night-migratory songbirds, neurobiological and behavioral evidence suggest the existence of a magnetic sense associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), possibly providing magnetic positional information. Curiously, neither the unequivocal existence, structural nature, nor the exact location of any sensory structure has been revealed to date. Here, we used neuronal tract tracing to map both the innervation fields in the upper beak and the detailed trigeminal brainstem terminations of the medial and lateral V1 subbranches in the night-migratory Eurasian Blackcap ().

Biological Earth observation with animal sensors.

Space-based tracking technology using low-cost miniature tags is now delivering data on fine-scale animal movement at near-global scale. Linked with remotely sensed environmental data, this offers a biological lens on habitat integrity and connectivity for conservation and human health; a global network of animal sentinels of environmental change.

Thermal Conductivity of Composite Materials Copper-Fullerene Soot.

Copper-based composites strengthened with fullerene soot nanoparticles of 20-30 nm size in concentration up to 23 vol.% were prepared via two methods: mechanical mixing and molecular level mixing. The dependence of thermal conductivity on the carbon concentration was studied.

Mars' plasma system. Scientific potential of coordinated multipoint missions: "The next generation".

The objective of this White Paper, submitted to ESA's Voyage 2050 call, is to get a more holistic knowledge of the dynamics of the Martian plasma system, from its surface up to the undisturbed solar wind outside of the induced magnetosphere. This can only be achieved with coordinated multi-point observations with high temporal resolution as they have the scientific potential to track the whole dynamics of the system (from small to large scales), and they constitute the next generation of the exploration of Mars analogous to what happened at Earth a few decades ago. This White Paper discusses the key science questions that are still open at Mars and how they could be addressed with coordinated multipoint missions.

[Autofluorescence visualization of the oral malignant lesions].

Objective: The aim of the present paper was to observe the main features of the autofluorescence emission of the oral epithelial carcinomas.

Material And Methods: The study included four patients aged 38-61 years with the oral epithelial carcinomas located at a cheek, a floor of the mouth, a bottom lip. All the diagnoses were later confirmed histologically.

Optically Transparent Flexible Broadband Metamaterial Absorber Based on Topology Optimization Design.

A conformal metamaterial absorber with simultaneous optical transparency and broadband absorption is proposed in this paper. The absorptance above 90% over a wide frequency range of 5.3-15 GHz can be achieved through topology optimization combined with a genetic algorithm (GA).

Osmyloberotha, an unusual new genus of beaded lacewings (Neuroptera: Berothidae) from Burmese amber.

A new beaded lacewing, Osmyloberotha simpla gen. et sp. nov.

First description of the tadpole of Kurixalus baliogaster (Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam, with comments on reproductive biology.

To date, 20 species of Kurixalus Ye, Fei, and Dubois have been described, and all of these species are distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia, from eastern India, throughout Myanmar and the mountainous regions of southern China, to Indochina, western and northern peninsular Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines (Frost 2021). Descriptions of the tadpoles of only 6 species have been published: K. berylliniris and K.

Multifunctional plasmonic gold nanostars for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Gold nanostar (AuNSt) has gained great attention in bioimaging and cancer therapy due to their tunable surface plasmon resonance across the visible-near infrared range. Photothermal treatment and imaging capabilities including fluorescence lifetime imaging at two-photon excitation (TP-FLIM) and dark-field microscopic imaging are considered in this work. Two types of AuNSts having plasmon absorption peaks centred at 600 and 750 nm wavelength were synthesized and studied.

Network-based forecasting of climate phenomena.

Network theory, as emerging from complex systems science, can provide critical predictive power for mitigating the global warming crisis and other societal challenges. Here we discuss the main differences of this approach to classical numerical modeling and highlight several cases where the network approach substantially improved the prediction of high-impact phenomena: 1) El Niño events, 2) droughts in the central Amazon, 3) extreme rainfall in the eastern Central Andes, 4) the Indian summer monsoon, and 5) extreme stratospheric polar vortex states that influence the occurrence of wintertime cold spells in northern Eurasia. In this perspective, we argue that network-based approaches can gainfully complement numerical modeling.

Dynamical Quantum Cherenkov Transition of Fast Impurities in Quantum Liquids.

The challenge of understanding the dynamics of a mobile impurity in an interacting quantum many-body medium comes from the necessity of including entanglement between the impurity and excited states of the environment in a wide range of energy scales. In this Letter, we investigate the motion of a finite mass impurity injected into a three-dimensional quantum Bose fluid as it starts shedding Bogoliubov excitations. We uncover a transition in the dynamics as the impurity's velocity crosses a critical value that depends on the strength of the interaction between the impurity and bosons as well as the impurity's recoil energy.

Caucasian treasure: Genomics sheds light on the evolution of half-extinct Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan, species flock.

Five ecologically and phenotypically divergent ecomorphs of the genus Salmo are known from a landlocked alpine lake in the Caucasus, Lake Sevan. It is an example of sympatric diversification within a species-rich lineage with predominate mode of speciation being allopatric. The diversification of Sevan trouts was accompanied by spawning resource partitioning.

Biochemical and respiratory parameters in a gastropod Radix balthica exposed to diclofenac.

Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, is often detected in natural waters in the ng/L to μg/L range, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. The study focused on the effects of diclofenac in a gastropod mollusk Radix balthica. A 72-h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac caused deviations from the baseline activities of the studied enzymes in the digestive gland of snails.

Evidence of symmetry lowering in antiferromagnetic metal TmBwith dynamic charge stripes.

Precise angle-resolved magnetoresistance (ARMR) and magnetization measurements have revealed (i) strong charge transport and magnetic anisotropy and (ii) emergence of a huge number of magnetic phases in the ground state of isotopicallyB-enriched single crystals of TmBantiferromagnetic (AF) metal with fcc crystal structure and dynamic charge stripes. We analyze for the first time the angular-phase diagrams of AF state of TmBreconstructed from experimental ARMR and magnetization data arguing that the symmetry lowering leads to the appearance of several radial phase boundaries between different phases in the AF state. It is proposed that the suppression of the indirect Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange along ⟨110⟩ directions between nearest neighboring magnetic moments of Tmions and subsequent redistribution of conduction electrons to quantum fluctuations of the electron density (dynamic stripes) are the main factors responsible for the anisotropy.