Pathomorphological criteria for cardiosclerosis and angioarchitectonics of the hypertrophic myocardium in hypertensive heart.

We performed a pathomorphological study of 200 hearts with cicatricial changes from patients died from hypertensive disease. Most postinfarction scars in men were transmural and localized in the anterior and posterior wall of the left ventricle and in the interventricular septum. Non-transmural scars were revealed in the lateral wall (primarily in women).

Pathomorphology of vascular bed in different variants of arrhythmogenic heart development.

A total of 200 hearts from patients with various forms of cardiosclerosis and pronounced disorders of the heart rhythm were examined postmortem by contrast polypositional cardioventriculography, coronarography, volume and weight cardiometry, and morphometry. Left-ventricular, right-ventricular, and septal variants of arrhythmogenic heart development were distinguished. Left-ventricular variant is characterized by compensatory restructuring of the vascular bed with appreciably increased volume of vascular density mainly in the left ventricle and with the median left type of blood supply.

Multifocal pathomorphological study of bladder cancer with the use of luminescence analysis.

Operation material from patients with various forms of urinary bladder cancer was examined. Systemic involvement resulting from multistage and multifocal tumor growth due to previous multicentric changes was demonstrated. Fluorescent study showed that in urinary bladder cancer tumor transformation involves not only adjacent, but also distant mucosa.

Ultrastructural changes in cells of the gastric and small intestinal mucosa during bronchial asthma.

The complex of structural changes in the gastroduodenal mucosa in patients with bronchial asthma is considered as a polyetiological primary degenerative process with progressive atrophy of the epithelium and formation of erosions. Ultrastructural signs included degenerative changes in the endothelium of microvessels and surface and glandular epithelium, which were accompanied by compensatory hyperfunction of intact mucus-producing cells, hyperplasia, and increased functional activity of mast and immunocompetent cells. The development of destructive and erosive lesions was associated with hyperplasia of parietal and endocrine cells in the mucosa.

Pathomorphological manifestations of antiocclusive factor in atherosclerotic obstruction of coronary arteries.

A total of 112 hearts with limited local dilatation zones in coronary arteries (antiocclusion factor) selected from 500 patients dead from chronic forms of coronary heart disease were studied by postmortem contrast polypositional coronarography and cardiometry. A relationship between antiocclusion factor, on the one hand, and coronary artery stenosis and degree of vascularization of the left ventricular wall, on the other, was shown. The adaptation role of antiocclusion factor in coronary blood flow disorders caused by atherosclerotic obstruction (stenosis, occlusion, thrombosis) of the major coronary arteries was demonstrated.

Postinfarction remodeling of the heart: types of pathomorphological changes in the right ventricle.

New geometric characteristics of the right ventricle depended on the localization of macrofocal transmural scars in the left ventricle of postinfarction heart. Most pronounced changes in the right ventricle were observed during dilatational and hypertrophic remodeling of the heart. The increase and decrease in the volume were most frequently occurring and pathognomonic forms of pathomorphological changes in the right ventricle.

Pathomorphological criteria of arrhythmogenic heart.

Pathomorphological criteria of arrhythmogenic heart include structural compartmentalization with primary changes in the right ventricle and interventricular septum, fibro- and lipomatosis of the myocardium, and disseminated coronary obstruction. Ischemic focuses in the conducting system are the site of formation of arrhythmogenic substance promoting the development and progression of cardiac arrhythmias. Cardioneuropathy and pathological motility of the interventricular septum lead to systolic dysfunction and contribute to asynchronous excitation and contraction of ventricles in arrhythmogenic heart.

Pathomorphology of the vascular bed of postinfarction heart in various types of remodeling.

We evaluated pathomorphological changes in the vascular bed of postinfarction heart in various types of remodeling. Dilatational remodeling was characterized by dilation of coronary arteries, increase in their volume density, and regular arrangement. Signs of coronary blood flow reduction and microcirculatory disturbances in the left ventricle were revealed during hypertrophic remodeling.

Effect of medical and biological factors on neurological manifestations of vertebral osteochondrosis in residents of the southern Altai Mountains.

We performed clinical and epidemiological study of 1508 residents living in the southern Altai Mountains and belonging to two subethnic groups (Telengite and Altai Kizhi). The incidence of neurological manifestations of vertebral osteochondrosis in people older than 17 years was 627.6 26.

Allergic dermatoses associated with chronic opisthorchiasis during antihelminthic therapy.

We studied skin biopsy specimens from patients with allergic dermatoses associated with opisthorchiasis. Structural changes in the epidermis and derma were presented by degenerative and destructive changes in epitheliocytes with a pronounced membranolytic component, hemodynamic disturbances in the derma, disorganization of the connective tissue, and progressive fibrosis. Combination therapy including antihelmintic drug produced a positive effect, which was associated with induction of regenerative processes in basal epidermal cells, stabilization of the basal membrane, and normalization of the dermoepidermal junction.

Ultrastructural characteristics of cell populations in the gastric and duodenal mucosa during psoriasis.

In biopsy specimens of the gastric and duodenal mucosa from patients with psoriasis we revealed severe degenerative and dystrophic changes in cells of the surface and glandular epithelium with destruction of functionally important cytoplasmic organelles. The stroma of the gastric mucosa was characterized by hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue, formation of numerous lymphoid follicles, and destruction of the endothelium in microvessels. These changes are interpreted as the syndrome of regenerative and plastic insufficiency.

Pathohistological and ultrastructural study of systemic vasculopathy (Fabry disease).

Pathomorphological analysis of skin biopsy specimens from patients with Fabry disease showed edema and mucoid swelling of vascular walls in the skin, pronounced telangiectasias, endotheliocyte degeneration and death, compensatory proliferation of pericytes, and mast cell hyperplasia. Ultrastructural study revealed transformation of vascular cells (endotheliocytes and pericytes) into depocytes accumulating large specific polymorphic granules of varying electron density with fine regular striation, which is pathognomonic for Fabry disease. The complex of these structural changes is interpreted as manifestation of systemic vasculopathy.

Morphological and stereological characteristics of myocardial remodeling in aged spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats.

Myocardial remodeling in SHR rats with age-related hypertrophy was characterized by elimination of cardiomyocytes, their hypertrophy, and marked increase in the volume of the connective tissue. The count of cardiomyocytes with contracture injuries and subsegmental contractures increased, and pronounced perivascular and interstitial sclerosis developed in the hypertrophic myocardium of SHR rats. Damage to the microcirculatory bed manifested in degenerative changes and destruction of some endotheliocytes.

Constitution and anthropometric parameters in indigenous population of Southern Altai Mountains.

Analysis of anthropometric parameters of 645 indigenous residents of Southern Altai Mountains belonging to two subethnic groups (165 Telengites and 480 Altai-Kizhi) revealed constitutional characteristics distinguishing these groups from each other and from Europeans. Differences in body length and weight, distribution by constitution types, sexual dimorphism, and AB0 blood groups were detected. The specific features of constitution together with environmental factors can determine predisposition of individuals belonging of these subethnic groups to some diseases.

Is replication of hepatitis C virus a marker of activity of infectious process? (Findings of polymerase chain reaction and morphological analysis of liver biopsy specimens).

Comparative study of replication markers of hepatitis C virus in various biological substrates and evaluation of activity of chronic HCV infection in liver biopsy specimens showed that replication of hepatitis C virus and the number of HCV-infected hepatocytes did not promote liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. These findings indicate that the expression of antiviral reactions by liver parenchyma cells plays the key role in the morphogenesis of HCV infection.

Delayed effect of antileukemic polychemotherapy on cell death and proliferation during remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

The effect of programmed antileukemic drug therapy on cells of the tumor clone is not selective, and the drugs affect also intact bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. The cytotoxic effect of antitumor therapy is attained through triggering apoptosis and does not depend on the type of drug therapy. The treatment induces long-lasting changes in spontaneous cell death processes.

Pathomorphological characteristics of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.

Dilatational, hypertrophic, aneurysmal, and endocardial variants of remodeling were revealed in the postinfarction heart. The most prevalent dilatational remodeling is characterized by uniform or nonuniform elongation of ventricular cavities and increase in ventricular volume. Characteristic features of the hypertrophic type are hypertrophied interventricular septa and left ventricular wall and reduced or unchanged left ventricular volume.

Pathomorphology of myocardial bridges and their role in the pathogenesis of coronary disease.

The hearts of patients who died of coronary disease and had myocardial bridges were studied by postmortem coronary angiography, cardioventriculography, and complex pathomorphological analysis. The relationship between the incidence and pathomorphology of myocardial bridges, on the one hand, and the type of blood supply, segmentary topography of the major coronary arteries, geometry of the left ventricle, and coronary changes in different forms of coronary disease, on the other, was analyzed. Diagnostic criteria were developed and the main components of the etiology, patho- and thanatogenesis in coronary patients with coronary arteries not affected by atherosclerosis are presented.

Psoriasis concomitant with chronic opisthorchiasis: ultrastructural changes in cell populations of gastroduodenal mucosa.

Pathological changes based on degeneration of epithelial structures predominantly with preserved typical cell differentiation, but with unstable epithelial secretory function were detected in biopsy specimens of gastroduodenal mucosa from patients with psoriasis associated with chronic opisthorchiasis. The progress of the disease led to atrophy of glandular components and augmented stromal sclerosis. The compensatory adaptive reactions were realized via hyperplasia and hyperfunction of preserved glandulocytes, appearance of mix-cells with polypotent secretory cycle, and high functional activity of capillaries.

Lytic and contracture-lytic prenecrotic damage to cardiomyocytes: photochemical fluorochrome staining and fluorescent microscopy of the myocardium.

Acute prenecrotic damage to cardiomyocytes of lytic (myocytolysis, cytolysis) and contracture-lytic (primary lumpy degradation of myofibrils) types during ischemic and metabolic alteration of the myocardium are detected at the photooptic level by means of photochemical fluorochrome staining and examination under fluorescent light. Comparison of the fluorescent and polarization microscopic pictures showed that changes in cardiomyocytes are determined by local mass redistribution in the sarcomere compartments and transformations of birefraction of myofibrillar system components during necrobiosis. These changes are determined by lysis and coagulation processes in protein structures of sarcomeres.

Immunohistochemical, molecular, and pathomorphological study of liver biopsy specimens during chronic hepatitis C.

We carried out a comparative study of replication markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV RNA) in some biological substrates and NS3-antigen in liver biopsy specimens. It was found that 82% liver specimens contained RNA HCV, in 44% cases HCV RNA was present in the serum, mononuclear blood cells, and liver. The presence of NS3-antigen in hepatocytes can be considered as a structural marker of HCV replication, which is confirmed by positive correlation with the results of PCR for viral RNA in tissue specimens.

Biosynthetic reactions and ultrastructure of urothelial cells in chronic cystitis and cystopathies.

A new form of morphogenesis of pathological process, cystopathy, was distinguished on the basis endoscopy data and morphofunctional analysis of the urinary bladder in chronic cystitis. Cystopathy is characterized by predominance of diffuse degeneration and atrophy of the urothelium, stromal sclerosis, absence of inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibition of biosynthetic reactions in urothelial cells (compared to chronic cystitis). Cystopathy results from regeneratory and plastic failure.

Morphometric analysis of the lymph system in rat heart during myocardial infarction.

Simulation of myocardial infarction in random-bred rats showed that lymph vessels play the leading role in the drainage of the myocardium during the acute period of ischemic damage and compensate for the developing insufficiency of interstitial drainage at the expense of venous component of the coronary bed. A pronounced enlargement of the lymph collectors and I, II, and order III vessels in the left and right ventricles of the heart was detected.

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis biopsy specimens from large bronchi of patients with pulmonary cancer.

Biopsy specimens from large bronchi of patients with central and peripheral pulmonary cancer were studied. Central cancer was associated with hyperplasia and dysplasia of the epithelium, hyperplasia of glandular compartment, and pronounced immunocompetent cell response. Peripheral cancer was characterized by predominance of atrophic and sclerotic changes, lymph flow disorders, and tendency to lymphoid aggregation.