Modulation of HIV-1 capsid multimerization by sennoside A and sennoside B via interaction with the NTD/CTD interface in capsid hexamer.

Small molecules that bind to the pocket targeted by a peptide, termed capsid assembly inhibitor (CAI), have shown antiviral effects with unique mechanisms of action. We report the discovery of two natural compounds, sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB), derived from medicinal plants that bind to this pocket in the C-terminal domain of capsid (CA CTD). Both SA and SB were identified via a drug-screening campaign that utilized a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay.

Comparative evaluation of a surface-based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms.

Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), which relies on breathing-induced motion, requires realistic surrogate information of breathing variations to reconstruct the tumor trajectory and motion variability of normal tissues accurately. Therefore, the SimRT surface-guided respiratory monitoring system has been installed on a Siemens CT scanner. This work evaluated the temporal and spatial accuracy of SimRT versus our commonly used pressure sensor, AZ-733 V.

Re-irradiation in clinical practice: Results of an international patterns of care survey within the framework of the ESTRO-EORTC E-RADIatE platform.

Background: Re-irradiation is an increasingly utilized treatment for recurrent, metastatic or new malignancies after previous radiotherapy. It is unclear how re-irradiation is applied in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the patterns of care of re-irradiation internationally.

Comparison and evaluation of different deep learning models of synthetic CT generation from CBCT for nasopharynx cancer adaptive proton therapy.

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning is used for patient setup in image-guided radiotherapy. However, its inaccurate CT numbers limit its applicability in dose calculation and treatment planning.

Purpose: This study compares four deep learning methods for generating synthetic CT (sCT) to determine which method is more appropriate and offers potential for further clinical exploration in adaptive proton therapy for nasopharynx cancer.

The first investigation of spot-scanning proton arc (SPArc) delivery time and accuracy with different delivery tolerance window settings.

. To investigate the impact of various delivery tolerance window settings on the treatment delivery time and dosimetric accuracy of spot-scanning proton arc (SPArc) therapy..

Development and validation of MonteRay, a fast Monte Carlo dose engine for carbon ion beam radiotherapy.

Background: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are considered the gold-standard for accuracy in radiotherapy dose calculation; so far however, no commercial treatment planning system (TPS) provides a fast MC for supporting clinical practice in carbon ion therapy.

Purpose: To extend and validate the in-house developed fast MC dose engine MonteRay for carbon ion therapy, including physical and biological dose calculation.

Methods: MonteRay is a CPU MC dose calculation engine written in C++ that is capable of simulating therapeutic proton, helium and carbon ion beams.

A novel risk model of three gefitinib-related genes FBP1, SBK1 and AURKA is related to the immune microenvironment and is predicting prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Purpose: Gefitinib, an anticancer drug, has been reported to potentially improve the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aims to investigate the roles and mechanisms of Gefitinib.

Methods: The effects of Gefitinib on the growth and migration of LUAD cells were assessed using various methods, including CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell assays.

Extraction of Interoperable Data from Healthcare Documents by Identifying Common Data Elements: An Analysis of Radiation Therapy Planning CT Physician Order Entry Records.

Introduction: Documentation as well as IT-based management of medical data is of ever-increasing relevance in modern medicine. As radiation oncology is a rather technical, data-driven discipline, standardization, and data exchange are in principle possible. We examined electronic healthcare documents to extract structured information.

Dynamics of the DYNLL1-MRE11 complex regulate DNA end resection and recruitment of Shieldin to DSBs.

The extent and efficacy of DNA end resection at DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) determine the repair pathway choice. Here we describe how the 53BP1-associated protein DYNLL1 works in tandem with the Shieldin complex to protect DNA ends. DYNLL1 is recruited to DSBs by 53BP1, where it limits end resection by binding and disrupting the MRE11 dimer.

Impact of Ga-FAPI PET/CT on Staging and Oncologic Management in a Cohort of 226 Patients with Various Cancers.

Since the development of fibroblast activation protein-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT has been found to be suitable for detecting primary and metastatic lesions in many types of tumors. However, there is currently a lack of reliable data regarding the clinical impact of this family of probes. To address this gap, the present study aimed to analyze the clinical impact of Ga-FAPI PET/CT by examining a large cohort of patients with various tumors.

Overexpressed FAM111B degrades GSDMA to promote esophageal cancer tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance.

Background: Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin are commonly used in patients with clinically unresectable or recurrent esophageal cancer (ESCA). However, patients often develop resistance to cisplatin, which in turn leads to a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that FAM111B may be involved in the development of tumors as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene.

Genetically Proxied Sarcopenia-Related Muscle Traits and Depression: Evidence from the FinnGen Cohort.

Background: Sarcopenia and depression are common and often coexist in the elderly. This study aims to determine the impact of sarcopenia-related muscle traits on depression.

Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed on the summary-level data from the FinnGen cohort to estimate the causal association of appendicular lean mass (ALM), walking pace, or low hand grip strength with depression.

Leaf-individual calibration for a double stack multileaf collimator in photon radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: In online adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy treatments, linear accelerator delivery accuracy is essential. Recently introduced double stack multileaf collimators (MLCs) have new facets in their calibration. We established a radiation-based leaf-individual calibration (LIMCA) method for double stack MLCs.

Deep-learning based detection of vessel occlusions on CT-angiography in patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke.

Swift diagnosis and treatment play a decisive role in the clinical outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can accelerate the underlying diagnostic processes. Here, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) which allows automated detection of abnormal vessel findings without any a-priori restrictions and in <2 minutes. Pseudo-prospective external validation was performed in consecutive patients with suspected AIS from 4 different hospitals during a 6-month timeframe and demonstrated high sensitivity (≥87%) and negative predictive value (≥93%).

A time-resolved clonogenic assay for improved cell survival and RBE measurements.

Purpose: The in vitro clonogenic assay (IVCA) is the mainstay of quantitative radiobiology. Here, we investigate the benefit of a time-resolved IVCA version (trIVCA) to improve the quantification of clonogenic survival and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) by analyzing cell colony growth behavior.

Materials & Methods: In the IVCA, clonogenicity classification of cell colonies is performed based on a fixed colony size threshold after incubation.

α-Mangostin Suppresses Melanoma Growth, Migration, and Invasion and Potentiates the Anti-tumor Effect of Chemotherapy.

Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor, which metastasizes and has poor prognosis in late-stage cancer patients. α-Mangostin possesses pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-infective, and anticarcinogenic activities. We investigated α-Mangostin effect on melanoma growth, migration, and invasion and its possible molecular mechanism.

Comorbidity in limited disease small-cell lung cancer: Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index and its association with overall survival following chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Combined, platinum-based thoracic chemoradiotherapy (TCR) is the current state-of-the-art treatment for patients with limited disease (LD) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). There is only limited data available regarding the effect of comorbidities on survival following TRC. The purpose of this study is to assess the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) as a predictor of overall survival in LD-SCLC patients undergoing TCR.

FIBP interacts with transcription factor STAT3 to induce EME1 expression and drive radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma.

Cancer cells inevitably develop radioresistance during lung adenocarcinoma radiotherapy. However, the mechanisms are incompletely clarified. In this study, we show that FIBP protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues is upregulated and associated with worse overall survival.

CTLA-4 and its inhibitors in esophageal cancer: efficacy of therapy and potential mechanisms of adverse events.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, and its prognosis remains poor. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the most common treatment strategies for esophageal cancer. Although these conventional treatment methods are sometimes beneficial, patients with esophageal cancer still have a high risk of local relapse and metastasis.

Ionization detail parameters and cluster dose: a mathematical model for selection of nanodosimetric quantities for use in treatment planning in charged particle radiotherapy.

. To propose a mathematical model for applying ionization detail (ID), the detailed spatial distribution of ionization along a particle track, to proton and ion beam radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP)..

ZHX2 deficiency enriches hybrid MET cells through regulating E-cadherin expression.

Growing evidence indicates that the epithelial to mesenchymal (E/M) hybrid state plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Importantly, a hybrid mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) state in which individual cells express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers was recently identified in vivo, further strengthening the bonds between the hybrid EMT state and cancer progression. However, the role and the molecular mechanisms by which the hybrid MET state is maintained in triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) remain elusive.