Realization of a Laughlin State of Two Rapidly Rotating Fermions.

We realize a Laughlin state of two rapidly rotating fermionic atoms in an optical tweezer. By utilizing a single atom and spin resolved imaging technique, we sample the Laughlin wave function thereby revealing its distinctive features, including a vortex distribution in the relative motion, correlations in the particles' relative angle, and suppression of the interparticle interactions. Our Letter lays the foundation for atom-by-atom assembly of fractional quantum Hall states in rotating atomic gases.

Optical single-shot readout of spin qubits in silicon.

Small registers of spin qubits in silicon can exhibit hour-long coherence times and exceeded error-correction thresholds. However, their connection to larger quantum processors is an outstanding challenge. To this end, spin qubits with optical interfaces offer key advantages: they can minimize the heat load and give access to modular quantum computing architectures that eliminate cross-talk and offer a large connectivity.

Blue Light-Induced, Dosed Protein Expression of Active BDNF in Human Cells Using the Optogenetic CRY2/CIB System.

The use of optogenetic tools offers an excellent method for spatially and temporally regulated gene and protein expression in cell therapeutic approaches. This could be useful as a concomitant therapeutic measure, especially in small body compartments such as the inner ear, for example, during cochlea implantation, to enhance neuronal cell survival and function. Here, we used the blue light activatable CRY2/CIB system to induce transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human cells.

High-power and high-beam-quality with unstable resonator in a Yb:YAG slab laser.

The development and implementation of an unstable resonator laser system were explored in the present study, employing dual-end pumping of a Yb:YAG slab laser via laser diode (LD) arrays. The proposed system exhibited significant improvements in both power output and beam quality. The experimental design and execution of the laser oscillator were conducted under controlled conductive cooling conditions.

Optically accessible, 3D-printed flow chamber with integrated sensors for the monitoring of oral multispecies biofilm growth .

The formation of pathogenic multispecies biofilms in the human oral cavity can lead to implant-associated infections, which may ultimately result in implant failure. These infections are neither easily detected nor readily treated. Due to high complexity of oral biofilms, detailed mechanisms of the bacterial dysbiotic shift are not yet even fully understood.

The Perils of Molecular Interpretations from Vibrational Spectra of Complex Samples.

Vibrational spectroscopy is a widely used technique for chemical characterizations across various analytical sciences. Its applications are increasingly extending to the analysis of complex samples such as biofluids, providing high-throughput molecular profiling. While powerful, the technique suffers from an inherent limitation: The overlap of absorption information across different spectral domains hinders the capacity to identify individual molecular substances contributing to measured signals.

Few-femtosecond time-resolved study of the UV-induced dissociative dynamics of iodomethane.

Ultraviolet (UV) light that penetrates our atmosphere initiates various photochemical and photobiological processes. However, the absence of extremely short UV pulses has so far hindered our ability to fully capture the mechanisms at the very early stages of such processes. This is important because the concerted motion of electrons and nuclei in the first few femtoseconds often determines molecular reactivity.

GHZ protocols enhance frequency metrology despite spontaneous decay.

The use of correlated states and measurements promises improvements in the accuracy of frequency metrology and the stability of atomic clocks. However, developing strategies robust against dominant noise processes remains challenging. We address the issue of decoherence due to spontaneous decay and show that Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, in conjunction with a correlated measurement and nonlinear estimation strategy, achieve gains of up to 2.

CODI: Enhancing machine learning-based molecular profiling through contextual out-of-distribution integration.

Molecular analytics increasingly utilize machine learning (ML) for predictive modeling based on data acquired through molecular profiling technologies. However, developing robust models that accurately capture physiological phenotypes is challenged by the dynamics inherent to biological systems, variability stemming from analytical procedures, and the resource-intensive nature of obtaining sufficiently representative datasets. Here, we propose and evaluate a new method: Contextual Out-of-Distribution Integration (CODI).

Sub-attosecond-precision optical-waveform stability measurements using electro-optic sampling.

The generation of laser pulses with controlled optical waveforms, and their measurement, lie at the heart of both time-domain and frequency-domain precision metrology. Here, we obtain mid-infrared waves via intra-pulse difference-frequency generation (IPDFG) driven by 16-femtosecond near-infrared pulses, and characterise the jitter of sub-cycle fractions of these waves relative to the gate pulses using electro-optic sampling (EOS). We demonstrate sub-attosecond temporal jitter at individual zero-crossings and sub-0.

Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization.

The photoelectric effect is not truly instantaneous but exhibits attosecond delays that can reveal complex molecular dynamics. Sub-femtosecond-duration light pulses provide the requisite tools to resolve the dynamics of photoionization. Accordingly, the past decade has produced a large volume of work on photoionization delays following single-photon absorption of an extreme ultraviolet photon.

A flexible beamline combining XUV attosecond pulses with few-femtosecond UV and near-infrared pulses for time-resolved experiments.

We describe a beamline where few-femtosecond ultraviolet (UV) pulses are generated and synchronized to few-cycle near-infrared (NIR) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses. The UV light is obtained via third-harmonic generation in argon or neon gas when focusing a phase-stabilized NIR driving field inside a glass cell that was designed to support high pressures for enhanced conversion efficiency. A recirculation system allows reducing the large gas consumption required for the nonlinear process.

Pathfinder experiments with atom interferometry in the Cold Atom Lab onboard the International Space Station.

Deployment of ultracold atom interferometers (AI) into space will capitalize on quantum advantages and the extended freefall of persistent microgravity to provide high-precision measurement capabilities for gravitational, Earth, and planetary sciences, and to enable searches for subtle forces signifying physics beyond General Relativity and the Standard Model. NASA's Cold Atom Lab (CAL) operates onboard the International Space Station as a multi-user facility for fundamental studies of ultracold atoms and to mature space-based quantum technologies. We report on pathfinding experiments utilizing ultracold Rb atoms in the CAL AI.

Protocol for the application of single-cell damage in murine intestinal organoid models.

Spatially defined organoid damage enables the study of cellular repair processes. However, capturing dynamic events in living tissues is technically challenging. Here, we present a protocol for the application of single-cell damage in intestinal organoid models.

Standardized Electric-Field-Resolved Molecular Fingerprinting.

Field-resolved infrared spectroscopy (FRS) of impulsively excited molecular vibrations can surpass the sensitivity of conventional time-integrating spectroscopies, owing to a temporal separation of the molecular signal from the noisy excitation. However, the resonant response carrying the molecular signal of interest depends on both the amplitude and phase of the excitation, which can vary over time and across different instruments. To date, this has compromised the accuracy with which FRS measurements could be compared, which is a crucial factor for practical applications.

A wide angle broadband solar absorber with a horizontal multi-cylinder structure based on an MXene material.

An MXene material absorbs visible and IR light which makes a MXene-based solar absorber an ideal absorber. Here, we propose a high-absorption broadband absorber based on an array of MXene composite cylinder ring structures. The structure designed in this article fully utilizes the MXene material's large surface area to volume ratio, and in the wavelength range of 300-5000 nm, the average absorption efficiency is as high as 98.

Plasma infrared fingerprinting with machine learning enables single-measurement multi-phenotype health screening.

Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing the molecular profiles of complex biofluids, offering a promising avenue for high-throughput in vitro diagnostics. While several studies showcased its potential in detecting health conditions, a large-scale analysis of a naturally heterogeneous potential patient population has not been attempted. Using a population-based cohort, here we analyze 5,184 blood plasma samples from 3,169 individuals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Feasibility of Dark-Field Radiography to Enhance Detection of Nondisplaced Fractures.

Background Many clinically relevant fractures are occult on conventional radiographs and therefore challenging to diagnose reliably. X-ray dark-field radiography is a developing method that uses x-ray scattering as an additional signal source. Purpose To investigate whether x-ray dark-field radiography enhances the depiction of radiographically occult fractures in an experimental model compared with attenuation-based radiography alone and whether the directional dependence of dark-field signal impacts observer ratings.

Capturing electron-driven chiral dynamics in UV-excited molecules.

Chiral molecules, used in applications such as enantioselective photocatalysis, circularly polarized light detection and emission and molecular switches, exist in two geometrical configurations that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. These so-called (R) and (S) enantiomers exhibit different physical and chemical properties when interacting with other chiral entities. Attosecond technology might enable influence over such interactions, given that it can probe and even direct electron motion within molecules on the intrinsic electronic timescale and thereby control reactivity.