Potential environmental risks of nanopesticides: Application of Cu(OH) nanopesticides to soil mitigates the degradation of neonicotinoid thiacloprid.

Cu(OH) nanopesticides and organic insecticides are continuously applied to soil at a temporal interval, while knowledge about the impact of Cu(OH) nanopesticides on organic insecticides degradation is currently scarce, resulting in poorly comprehensive evaluation of the potential environmental risks of Cu(OH) nanopesticides. Herein, a commercial Cu(OH) nanopesticide formulation (NPF), the active ingredient of NPF (AI-NPF), the prepared Cu(OH) nanotubes (NT) with comparable morphology and size to AI-NPF, and CuSO were respectively applied to soil at normal doses (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg), followed by an application of neonicotinoid thiacloprid after an interval of 21 d, showing that NPF at doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.

A systemic study of enantioselectivity of isocarbophos in rice cultivation: Enantioselective bioactivity, toxicity, and environmental fate.

The enantioselective bioactivity and acute toxicity to target and non-target model species, and environmental fate of isocarbophos (ICP) in rice cultivation were investigated systematically. Bioactivity and toxicity of S-(+)-ICP was significantly greater than R-(-)-ICP, and the difference was 2.9-101 times.

Bioaccumulation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carp in a water/sediment microcosm: important role of sediment particulate matter and bioturbation.

Sediments are reservoirs and sources of DDTs to the aquatic ecosystem. However, the role of sediment particulate matter and benthic organisms in transferring DDTs remains unclear. In this study, microcosms were built up with different groups to simulate a freshwater system with DDT-contaminated sediment and organisms.

The dissipation of cyazofamid and its main metabolite in soil response oppositely to biochar application.

Biochars derived from rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS), chicken manure (CM) and tire rubber (TR) were applied to soil to investigate their effects on the dissipation of cyazofamid and its metabolite CCIM (4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile), with high acute toxicity compared to cyazofamid. The enhancement of cyazofamid dissipation followed the order of CS > RS > CM, whereas TR depressed the cyazofamid dissipation. Adsorption, hydrolysis and microbial degradation were all involved in cyazofamid dissipation.

Re-evaluation of stability and toxicity of silver sulfide nanoparticle in environmental water: Oxidative dissolution by manganese oxide.

Stability of silver sulfide nanoparticle (AgS-NP) in the environment has recently drawn considerable attention since it is associated with environmental risk. Although the overestimated stability of AgS-NP in aqueous solution has already been recognized, studies on transformation of AgS-NP in environmental water are still very scarce. Here we reported that AgS-NP could undergo dissolution by manganese(IV) oxide (MnO), an important naturally occurring oxidant in the environment, even in environmental water, although the dissolved silver would probably be adsorbed onto the particles (>0.

Sensitive and selective detection of the highly toxic pesticide carbofuran in vegetable samples by a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with signal enhancement by AuNPs.

An imprinted electrochemical sensor was constructed for the detection of carbofuran with high sensitivity and selectivity. AuNPs were used as the electron wire for signal amplification, and molecularly imprinted polymer was used as the recognition element. The preparation process of the modified electrode was optimized, and the electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry.

Enantioselective analysis and degradation of isofenphos-methyl in vegetables by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The enantioselective degradation of isofenphos-methyl in cowpea, cucumber, and pepper under field conditions was investigated to elucidate the enantioselective environmental behaviors of this pesticide. The concentrations of the enantiomers were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The degradation rates of isofenphos-methyl enantiomers were the fastest in cowpea, followed by cucumber and pepper, with half-lives ranging from 1.

Selective bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and dissipation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in a freshwater food chain.

Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), having potential risks to humans and ecosystem. This work evaluated the propensity of organisms to accumulate, eliminate, and transfer HCHs along the food chain (Tubifex tubifex and common carp (Cyprinus carpio)). The accumulation of HCHs from water by worms and carp was observed, and the concentrations increased with exposure time.

High-throughput multipesticides residue analysis in earthworms by the improvement of purification method: Development and application of magnetic Fe O -SiO nanoparticles based dispersive solid-phase extraction.

As a key representative organism, earthworms can directly illustrate the influence of pesticides on environmental organisms in soil ecosystems. The present work aimed to develop a high-throughput multipesticides residue analytical method for earthworms using solid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile as the solvent and magnetic material-based dispersive solid-phase extraction for purification. Magnetic Fe O nanoparticles were modified with a thin silica layer to form Fe O -SiO nanoparticles, which were fully characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and vibrating sample magnetometry.

Stereoselective Analysis and Degradation of Pyrisoxazole in Cabbage, Pakchoi, and Pepper by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Pyrisoxazole is a chiral fungicide with high sterilizing activity to the plant pathogenic bacteria and thus can be used for protecting the vegetables from gray mold, powdery mildew, and brown rot. The present work aimed to explore its stereoselective degradation in cabbage, pakchoi, and pepper samples. The enantioseparation and analysis on chiral column Lux Cellulose-3 based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed coupled to the QuEChERS method.

New Insights into the Stability of Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles in Surface Water: Dissolution through Hypochlorite Oxidation.

Silver sulfide nanoparticles (AgSNPs) are considered to be stable in the environment due to the extreme low solubility of AgS (K: 6.3 × 10). Little is known about the stability of AgSNPs in surface water disinfected with aqueous chlorine, one of the globally most used disinfectants.

An efficient cleanup method coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for multi-pesticides residue analysis in complex plant matrices.

We aimed to develop an efficient cleanup method for multi-pesticides residue analysis in complex plant matrices, shallot, ginger, garlic, onion, leek, and celery. Column chromatography was used as the cleanup method and fabricated with florisil and graphitized carbon black as the adsorbents. The amount of the graphitized carbon black adsorbent and the choice of the elution solvent were systematically investigated for exploring the best combination.

Multi-pesticides residue analysis of grains using modified magnetic nanoparticle adsorbent for facile and efficient cleanup.

A facile, rapid sample pretreatment method was developed based on magnetic nanoparticles for multi-pesticides residue analysis of grains. Magnetite (FeO) nanoparticles modified with 3-(N,N-diethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (FeO-PSA) and commercial C18 were selected as the cleanup adsorbents to remove the target interferences of the matrix, such as fatty acids and non-polar compounds. Rice was used as the representative grain sample for method optimization.

To What Extent Can Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Influence the Occurrence of Silver-Based Nanoparticles in Surface Waters?

Silver-based nanoparticles (Ag-b-NPs) emitted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be widely present in the natural environment. However, there is much that is unknown about the effect of WWTP effluent on the occurrence of Ag-b-NPs in surface waters. On the basis of field analysis of representative WWTPs in Germany, we demonstrate that more than 96.

Use of liquid chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for enantioselective separation and determination of pyrisoxazole in vegetables, strawberry and soil.

The present work firstly described the enantio-separation and determination of pyrisoxazole enantiomers in vegetables, strawberry and soil samples by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS). Pyrisoxazole has two chiral carbon atoms and consists of four stereoisomers. Taking the specific optical rotation measurement and MS analysis data into consideration, the four enantiomers were discriminated as (-)-A, (+)-A, (+)-B and (-)-B corresponding to their elution order under the optimum chromatographic condition.

Computer-assisted design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers for the simultaneous determination of six carbamate pesticides from environmental water.

The computer-assisted design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers for the simultaneous capture of six carbamate pesticides from environmental water are reported in this work. The quantum mechanical computational approach was employed to design the molecularly imprinted polymers with carbofuran as template. The interaction energies between the template molecule and different functional monomers in various solvents were calculated to assist in the selection of the functional monomer and porogen.