Earthworm Coelomocyte Internalization of MoS Nanosheets: Multiplexed Imaging, Molecular Profiling, and Computational Modeling.

Fully understanding the cellular uptake and intracellular localization of MoS nanosheets (NSMoS) is a prerequisite for their safe applications. Here, we characterized the uptake profile of NSMoS by functional coelomocytes of the earthworm . Considering that vacancy engineering is widely applied to enhance the NSMoS performance, we assessed the potential role of such atomic vacancies in regulating cellular uptake processes.

EPS-corona formation on graphene family nanomaterials (GO, rGO and graphene) and its role in mitigating their toxic effects in the marine alga Chlorella sp.

GFNs have widespread applications but can harm marine systems due to excessive use and improper disposal. Algae-secreted EPS can mitigate nanomaterial harm, but their impact on GFN toxicity is understudied. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the toxicity of three GFNs, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene, in pristine and EPS-adsorbed forms in the marine alga Chlorella sp.

Impact of vitamin B on rhamnose metabolism, stress defense and in-vitro virulence of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative anaerobe which can cause a severe food-borne infection known as listeriosis. L. monocytogenes is capable of utilizing various nutrient sources including rhamnose, a naturally occurring deoxy sugar abundant in foods.

Kaleidoscopic integration: Advancing the integration of incommensurable knowledge in healthcare guidelines.

The integration of different types of knowledge in epistemically hierarchical settings remains one of the greatest challenges when developing standards for healthcare practices. In this article, we open up the notion of knowledge integration and empirically examine the various ways in which different types of knowledge interact and can be integrated. To allow us to focus on the diverse forms of knowledge as well as their interaction and integration, we combine Moreira's work on repertoires of evaluation with that of Dewulf and Bouwen on frame interactions.

Integrating 3Rs approaches in WHO guidelines for the batch release testing of biologicals: Responses from a survey of National Control Laboratories and National Regulatory Authorities.

The UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) is reviewing World Health Organization (WHO) manuals, guidelines and recommendations for vaccines and biotherapeutics to identify the extent to which animal-based testing methods are described. The aim is to recommend where updates to these documents can lead to an increased and more harmonised adoption of 3Rs principles (i.e.

Exposure protocol for ecotoxicity testing of microplastics and nanoplastics.

Despite the increasing concern about the harmful effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), there are no harmonized guidelines or protocols yet available for MNP ecotoxicity testing. Current ecotoxicity studies often use commercial spherical particles as models for MNPs, but in nature, MNPs occur in variable shapes, sizes and chemical compositions. Moreover, protocols developed for chemicals that dissolve or form stable dispersions are currently used for assessing the ecotoxicity of MNPs.

Agent-based modeling of urban exposome interventions: prospects, model architectures, and methodological challenges.

With ever more people living in cities worldwide, it becomes increasingly important to understand and improve the impact of the urban habitat on livability, health behaviors, and health outcomes. However, implementing interventions that tackle the exposome in complex urban systems can be costly and have long-term, sometimes unforeseen, impacts. Hence, it is crucial to assess the health impact, cost-effectiveness, and social distributional impacts of possible urban exposome interventions (UEIs) before implementing them.

A highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for tetracycline resistant genes detection based on the non-covalent interaction of graphene oxide and nucleobase.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are causing worldwide environmental problems, however, the traditional analytical methods and test equipment for them are time-consuming and expensive. The electrochemical sensor using the non-covalent bond between graphene oxide (GO) and single-stranded tet (ss-tet) was established for specific tetracycline resistance genes (tet, composed of ss-tet and complementary ss-tet (ss-tet') in water) detection, which preparation time was only 35 min and far less than most reported sensors based on covalent bond. As the result of the detection for tet, the developed sensor not only had the low detection limit of 50.

A toxicokinetics approach using Enchytraeus crypticus to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxyapatite to remediate soils contaminated with rare earth elements.

Extensive rare earth element (REE) mining activities pose threats to agricultural soils surrounding the mining areas. Here, low and high REE-contaminated soils from farmlands around mine tailings were remediated with hydroxyapatite. A toxicokinetic approach was applied to assess whether the use of hydroxyapatite reduced the bioavailability of REEs and thus inhibited their accumulation in the terrestrial organism Enchytraeus crypticus.

What is the ecotoxicity of a given chemical for a given aquatic species? Predicting interactions between species and chemicals using recommender system techniques.

Ecotoxicological safety assessment of chemicals requires toxicity data on multiple species, despite the general desire of minimizing animal testing. Predictive models, specifically machine learning (ML) methods, are one of the tools capable of solving this apparent contradiction as they allow to generalize toxicity patterns across chemicals and species. However, despite the availability of large public toxicity datasets, the data is highly sparse, complicating model development.

QMRA of Ralstonia solanacearum in potato cultivation: Risks associated with irrigation water recycled through managed aquifer recharge.

Agricultural aquifer storage recovery and transfer (ASTR) stores excess fresh water for later reuse in irrigation. Moreover, water quality improves because chemical pollutants and pathogens will be removed by degradation and attachment to the aquifer material. The source water may contain the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum which causes plant infections and high yield losses.

Antibody deficiencies in children are associated with prematurity and a family history of infections.

Background: Recurrent respiratory tract infections (rRTIs) frequently affect young children and are associated with antibody deficiencies. We investigated the prevalence of and epidemiological risk factors associated with antibody deficiencies in young children with rRTIs and their progression over time, and linked these to prospectively measured RTI symptoms.

Methods: We included children <7 years with rRTIs in a prospective cohort study.

Species-dependent responses of crop plants to polystyrene microplastics.

Only recently there has been a strong focus on the impacts of microplastics on terrestrial crop plants. This study aims to examine and compare the effects of microplastics on two monocotyledonous (barley, Hordeum vulgare and wheat, Triticum aestivum), and two dicotyledonous (carrot, Daucus carota and lettuce, Lactuca sativa) plant species through two complimentary experiments. First, we investigated the effects of low, medium, and high (10, 10, 10 particles per mL) concentrations of 500 nm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on seed germination and early development.

Coupled Lipidomics and Digital Pathology as an Effective Strategy to Identify Novel Adverse Outcome Pathways in Exposed to MoS Nanosheets and Ionic Mo.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets are increasingly applied in several fields, but effective and accurate strategies to fully characterize potential risks to soil ecosystems are lacking. We introduce a coelomocyte-based exposure strategy to identify novel adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and molecular endpoints from nontransformed (NTMoS) and ultraviolet-transformed (UTMoS) MoS nanosheets (10 and 100 mg Mo/L) on the earthworm using nontargeted lipidomics integrated with transcriptomics. Machine learning-based digital pathology analysis coupled with phenotypic monitoring was further used to establish the correlation between lipid profiling and whole organism effects.

Determination of excited triplet states of dissolved organic matter using chemical probes: A comparative and mechanistic study.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle in natural waters. The determination and characterization of the excited triplet state of DOM (DOM*) have attracted much attention recently. However, the underlying differences of determined DOM* through different pathways are not yet fully understood.

Metagenomic Surveillance of Viral Gastroenteritis in a Public Health Setting.

Norovirus is the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis (GE). To investigate norovirus epidemiology, there is a need for whole-genome sequencing and reference sets consisting of complete genomes. To investigate the potential of shotgun metagenomic sequencing on the Illumina platform for whole-genome sequencing, 71 reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) norovirus positive-feces (threshold cycle [], <30) samples from norovirus surveillance within The Netherlands were subjected to metagenomic sequencing.

Effect of chlorpyrifos on freshwater microbial community and metabolic capacity of zebrafish.

Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide because of its high efficiency and overall effectiveness, and it is commonly detected in aquatic ecosystems. However, at present, the impact of chlorpyrifos on the aquatic micro-ecological environment is still poorly understood. Here, we established aquatic microcosm systems treated with 0.

Tracing and trapping micro- and nanoplastics: Untapped mitigation potential of aquatic plants?

Micro- and nanoplastics are emerging concerns due to their environmental ubiquity and currently largely unknown ecological impacts. Leveraging on a recently developed method using europium-doped polystyrene particles (PS-Eu), our present work aimed to accurately trace the uptake and transport of micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic plants and shed insights into the potential of different aquatic plants for trapping and removal of plastics from water environment. Seedlings of Vallisneria denseserrulata Makino (submerged plant), Iris tectorum Maxim (emergent plant), and Eichhornia crassipes Solms (floating plant) were exposed to 100 nm and 2 μm PS-Eu in freshwater (5 μg/mL) or sediments (5 μg/g) for 8 weeks.

Machine learning-driven QSAR models for predicting the mixture toxicity of nanoparticles.

Research on theoretical prediction methods for the mixture toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) faces significant challenges. The application of in silico methods based on machine learning is emerging as an effective strategy to address the toxicity prediction of chemical mixtures. Herein, we combined toxicity data generated in our lab with experimental data reported in the literature to predict the combined toxicity of seven metallic ENPs for Escherichia coli at different mixing ratios (22 binary combinations).

Comparative physiological and metabolomics analyses using Ag⎯NPs and HAS31 (PGPR) to alleviate Cr stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

In the current industrial scenario, chromium (Cr) as a metal is of great importance but poses a major threat to the ecosystem because of its toxicity, but fewer studies have been conducted on its effects and alleviation strategies by using nanoparticles (NPs) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Taking into consideration the positive effects of silver⎯nanoparticles (Ag⎯NPs) and (HAS31) rhizobacteria in reducing Cr toxicity in plants, the present study was conducted. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of single and/or combined application of different levels [0 (no Ag⎯NPS), 15 and 30 mM] of Ag⎯NPs and HAS31 [0 (no HAS31), 50 g and 100 g] on Cr accumulation, morpho-physiological and antioxidative defense attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.

Trophic transfer of silver nanoparticles shifts metabolism in snails and reduces food safety.

Food security and sustainable development of agriculture has been a key challenge for decades. To support this, nanotechnology in the agricultural sectors increases productivity and food security, while leaving complex environmental negative impacts including pollution of the human food chains by nanoparticles. Here we model the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in a food chain consisting of soil-grown lettuce Lactuca sativa and snail Achatina fulica.

Regulatory aspects of a nanomaterial for imaging therapeutic cells.

The ability to track therapeutic cells upon administration to the patient is of interest to both regulators and developers of cell therapy. The European Commission Horizon2020 project nTRACK from 2017-2022 aimed to develop a multi-modal nano-imaging agent to track therapeutic cells during development of a cell therapy. As part of this project, we investigated the regulatory pathway involved for such a product if marketed as a stand-alone product.

An International External Quality Assessment Scheme to Assess the Diagnostic Performance of Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Acanthamoeba Keratitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the variation in methods and to determine whether an External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Acanthamoeba keratitis is valuable for the diagnostic process.

Methods: A multicenter EQAS was introduced, covering 16 diagnostic laboratories. Using Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC strain 30010, 3 sets of samples were prepared, containing different amounts of DNA, cysts, or trophozoites.

Dark repair of sunlight-inactivated tetracycline-resistant bacteria: Mechanisms and important role of bacteria in viable but non-culturable state.

The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment poses a potential threat to human health, and the reactivation of inactivated ARB accelerated the spread of ARB. However, little is known about the reactivation of sunlight-inactivated ARB in natural waters. In this study, the reactivation of sunlight-inactivated ARB in dark conditions was investigated with tetracycline-resistant E.