Long non-coding RNA SUN2-AS1 acts as a negative regulator of ISGs transcription to promote flavivirus infection.

Recent studies highlight the critical involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating viral replication and immune responses, yet their specific roles in flavivirus infections remain underexplored. Our study has identified lncRNA SUN2-AS1, which is significantly upregulated in response to flavivirus infection in A549, Huh7 cells, and monocyte-differentiated macrophages (MDMs). SUN2-AS1 interacts with the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT1, andits expression is induced by ZIKV RNA via the type I interferon (IFN) pathway.

PAC1 constrains type 2 inflammation through promotion of CGRP signaling in ILC2s.

Dysfunction of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) plays an important role in the development of type 2 inflammation-related diseases such as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, neural signals are increasingly recognized as pivotal regulators of ILC2s. However, how ILC2s intrinsically modulate their responsiveness to these neural signals is still largely unknown.

3D spheroid culture synchronizes heterogeneous MSCs into an immunomodulatory phenotype with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous in morphology and transcriptome, resulting in varying therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we found that 3D spheroid culture of heterogeneous MSCs, which have undergone conventional 2D monolayer culture for 5-6 passages, synchronized the cells into a uniform cell population with dramatically reduced cell size, and considerably increased levels of immunosuppressive genes and growth factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the cells revealed that 3D MSCs consisted of 2 major cell subpopulations and both expressed high levels of immunosuppressive factors, compared to 6 subpopulations in 2D MSCs.

ER-phagy restrains inflammatory responses through its receptor UBAC2.

ER-phagy, a selective form of autophagic degradation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fragments, plays an essential role in governing ER homeostasis. Dysregulation of ER-phagy is associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a major clue for evoking inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the connection between ER-phagy and disease remains poorly defined.

SMTRI: A deep learning-based web service for predicting small molecules that target miRNA-mRNA interactions.

Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded RNAs that bind to target mRNAs and induce translational repression and gene silencing. Many miRNAs discovered in animals have been implicated in diseases and have recently been pursued as therapeutic targets. However, conventional pharmacological screening for candidate small-molecule drugs can be time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Single-cell multi-omics identify novel regulators required for osteoclastogenesis during aging.

Age-related osteoporosis manifests as a complex pathology that disrupts bone homeostasis and elevates fracture risk, yet the mechanisms facilitating age-related shifts in bone marrow macrophages/osteoclasts (BMMs/OCs) lineage are not fully understood. To decipher these mechanisms, we conducted an investigation into the determinants controlling BMMs/OCs differentiation. We performed single-cell multi-omics profiling on bone marrow samples from mice of different ages (1, 6, and 20 months) to gain a holistic understanding of cellular changes across time.

Elongation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids (ELOVL) in Atopic Dermatitis and the Cutaneous Adverse Effect AGEP of Drugs.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, in particular among infants, and is characterized, among other things, by a modification in fatty acid and ceramide composition of the skin's stratum corneum. Palmitic acid and stearic acid, along with C-ceramide and 2-hydroxy C-ceramide, occur strikingly in AD. They coincide with a simultaneous decrease in very long-chain ceramides and ultra-long-chain ceramides, which form the outermost lipid barrier.

Multiomics reveals microbial metabolites as key actors in intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease.

Intestinal fibrosis is the primary cause of disability in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), yet effective therapeutic strategies are currently lacking. Here, we report a multiomics analysis of gut microbiota and fecal/blood metabolites of 278 CD patients and 28 healthy controls, identifying characteristic alterations in gut microbiota (e.g.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals tumor microenvironment remodeling in hepatocellular carcinoma with varying tumor subclonal complexity.

Introduction: The complexity of tumor cell subclonal structure has been extensively investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of subclonal complexity in reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood.

Methods: We integrated single-cell transcriptome sequencing data from four independent HCC cohorts, involving 30 samples, to decode the associations between tumor subclonal complexity and the TME.

UBR5 mediates colorectal cancer chemoresistance by attenuating ferroptosis via Lys 11 ubiquitin-dependent stabilization of Smad3-SLC7A11 signaling.

Chemoresistance remains a principal culprit for the treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. Deciphering the molecular basis of chemoresistance may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for this fatal disease. Here, UBR5, an E3 ubiquitin ligase frequently overexpressed in human CRC, is demonstrated to mediate chemoresistance principally by inhibiting ferroptosis.

O-glycosylation contributes to mammalian glycoRNA biogenesis.

There is an increasing appreciation for the role of cell surface glycans in modulating interactions with extracellular ligands and participating in intercellular communication. We recently reported the existence of sialoglycoRNAs, where mammalian small RNAs are covalently linked to N-glycans through the modified base acpU and trafficked to the cell surface. However, little is currently known about the role for O-glycosylation, another major class of carbohydrate polymer modifications.

Ginger-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Natural Solution for Alopecia.

Background: Ginger (Zingiber officinale (L.) Rosc), as an edible plant-derived nanoparticle, offers several advantages, such as a high return rate, low budget, no ethical barriers, and good for health. Ginger-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (GDEVs) are nanoscale vesicles isolated from ginger.

Targeting APT2 improves MAVS palmitoylation and antiviral innate immunity.

Innate immunity serves as the primary defense against viral and microbial infections in humans. The precise influence of cellular metabolites, especially fatty acids, on antiviral innate immunity remains largely elusive. Here, through screening a metabolite library, palmitic acid (PA) has been identified as a key modulator of antiviral infections in human cells.

Multi-omic analysis identifies metabolic biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer and therapeutic response prediction.

Reliable blood-based tests for identifying early-stage breast cancer remain elusive. Employing single-cell transcriptomic sequencing analysis, we illustrate a close correlation between nucleotide metabolism in the breast cancer and activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment, which shows distinctions between subtypes of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC, and is likely to impact cancer prognosis through the A2AR-Treg pathway. Combining machine learning with absolute quantitative metabolomics, we have established an effective approach to the early detection of breast cancer, utilizing a four-metabolite panel including inosine and uridine.

Ping, pong, and freeze: Structural insights into the inhibition of ceramide synthase by Fumonisin B1.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) targets sphingolipid biosynthesis, inhibiting ceramide synthases. In this issue of Structure, Zhang et al. determined the cryoelectron microscopic structures of yeast ceramide synthase in complex with FB1 and its acylated derivative, acyl-FB1, revealing a two-step "ping-pong" mechanism for the N-acylation of FB1 and how it inhibits ceramide synthase.

Nanoneedle Array-Electroporation Facilitates Intranuclear Ribonucleoprotein Delivery and High Throughput Gene Editing.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical regulators of T cell immunity, with immense therapeutic potential against tumors and autoimmune diseases. Efficient gene editing in DCs is crucial for understanding their regulatory mechanisms and maximizing their therapeutic efficacy. However, DCs are notoriously difficult to transfect, posing a major bottleneck for conventional DNA and RNA-based editing approaches.

Monosome Stalls the Translation Process Mediated by IGF2BP in Arcuate Nucleus for Puberty Onset Delay.

Puberty onset through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis as an important reproductive event in postnatal development is initiated from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). The growing evidence indicates that translational control also plays an essential role in the final expression of gonadotropin genes. To investigate the role of protein translation and behavior of ribosomes in pubertal onset, the global profiles of transcriptome, single ribosome (monosome), polysome, and tandem mass tag proteome were comprehensively investigated in rat hypothalamic ARCs of different pubertal stages using RNA sequencing, polyribo sequencing, and mass spectrum.