Clinical and cost-effectiveness of pessary self-management versus clinic-based care for pelvic organ prolapse in women: the TOPSY RCT with process evaluation.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is common, causes unpleasant symptoms and negatively affects women's quality of life. In the UK, most women with pelvic organ prolapse attend clinics for pessary care.

Objectives: To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of vaginal pessary self-management on prolapse-specific quality of life for women with prolapse compared with clinic-based care; and to assess intervention acceptability and contextual influences on effectiveness, adherence and fidelity.

The individual contributions of blaB, blaGOB and blaCME on MICs of β-lactams in Elizabethkingia anophelis.

Background: The blaB, blaGOB and blaCME genes are thought to confer β-lactam resistance to Elizabethkingia anophelis, based on experiments conducted primarily on Escherichia coli.

Objectives: To determine the individual contributions of β-lactamase genes to increased MICs in E. anophelis and to assess their impact on the in vivo efficacy of carbapenem therapy.

Sputum bacterial microbiota signature as a surrogate for predicting disease progression of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.

Objectives: Predicting progression of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) remains challenging. This study evaluated whether sputum bacterial microbiome diversity can be the biomarker and provide novel insights into related phenotypes and treatment timing.

Methods: We analyzed 126 sputum microbiomes of 126 patients with newly diagnosed NTM-LD due to Mycobacterium avium complex, M.

Impact of Telemedicine on Blood Glucose Control and Ophthalmic Screenings for Patients with Diabetes in Remote Areas During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Real-World Study in Northern Taiwan.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of telemedicine on ophthalmic screening and blood glucose control for patients with diabetes in remote areas of Northern Taiwan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Telemedicine was implemented in Shiding and Wanli Districts using a 5G platform from April 2021 to December 2022. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes received real-time consultations from endocrinologists at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, 50 km away, for medication adjustment, diet control, and lifestyle recommendations.

Association of Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Adolescent Traditional and Cyberbullying Victimization in the Digital Generation: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Purpose: This population-based cohort study aimed to examine the association with childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bullying experiences during adolescence among Digital Generation individuals, exploring both traditional and cyberbullying.

Methods: This study included data from 15,240 participants, collected from the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study project. Participants, initially in seventh and 10th grade in 2015, were selected through a multistage stratified sampling approach.

Trade-offs between overall survival and side effects in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: eliciting preferences of patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer using a discrete choice experiment.

Objectives: There has been a recent proliferation in treatment options for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Such treatments often involve trade-offs between overall survival and side effects. Our study aims to estimate the trade-offs that could be used to inform decision-making at the individual and policy level.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and the Risk for Dialysis and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: No studies have reported the long-term outcomes of initiating sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates less than 20 mL/min/1.73 m to predialysis.

Objective: To compare the risk for dialysis, cardiovascular events, and death between SGLT2i users and nonusers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Automated osteoporosis classification and -score prediction using hip radiographs deep learning algorithm.

Background: Despite being the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an underutilized screening tool for osteoporosis.

Objectives: This study proposed and validated a controllable feature layer of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with a preprocessing image algorithm to classify osteoporosis and predict -score on the proximal hip region simple hip radiographs.

Design: This was a single-center, retrospective study.

Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO.

Monitoring is a major component of asthma management in children. Regular monitoring allows for diagnosis confirmation, treatment optimization, and natural history review. Numerous factors that may affect disease activity and patient well-being need to be monitored: response and adherence to treatment, disease control, disease progression, comorbidities, quality of life, medication side-effects, allergen and irritant exposures, diet and more.

Plasma fibrinogen and risk of vascular recurrence after ischaemic stroke: An individual participant and summary-level data meta-analysis of 11 prospective studies.

Introduction: Inflammation is an emerging target for secondary prevention after stroke and randomised trials of anti-inflammatory therapies are ongoing. Fibrinogen, a putative pro-inflammatory marker, is associated with first stroke, but its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after stroke is unclear.

Materials And Methods: We did a systematic review investigating the association between fibrinogen and post-stroke vascular recurrence.

Tracking of MVPA across childhood and adolescence.

Objectives: Tracking of physical activity from childhood onwards is an important public health issue, but evidence on tracking is limited. This study quantified the tracking of Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) across childhood and adolescence in a recent cohort from England.

Design: Longitudinal, with a socio-economically representative sample from North-East England, over an 8-year period.

Trends of anti-seizure medication prescribing pattern in traumatic brain injury patients for the prevention of posttraumatic seizure in Taiwan.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are recommended to receive anti-seizure medication (ASM) as posttraumatic seizure (PTS) prophylaxis. However, the utilization of ASM, including the prescription patterns and associated clinical characteristics, is limited in Taiwan. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ASM trends and clinical characteristics.

Widowhood and mortality risk in Taiwan: a population-based matched cohort study.

Background: Studying the causes of death among deceased spouses and surviving partners may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the association between widowhood and mortality. This study investigated the mortality risk of widowhood in Taiwan, examined the association of the cause of death between widowed individuals and their deceased spouses and explored potential modifying effects by age, gender and duration after widowhood.

Methods: This matched cohort study utilized Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims database and National Death Registry.

Longitudinal observational cohort study: Speech for Intelligent cognition change tracking and DEtection of Alzheimer's Disease (SIDE-AD).

Introduction: There is emerging evidence that speech may be a potential indicator and manifestation of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Therefore, the University of Edinburgh and Sony Research have partnered to create the Speech for Intelligent cognition change tracking and DEtection of Alzheimer's Disease (SIDE-AD) study, which aims to develop digital speech-based biomarkers for use in neurodegenerative disease.

Methods And Analysis: SIDE-AD is an observational longitudinal study, collecting samples of spontaneous speech.

Early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through machine-learning-driven prediction model in a population-based healthcare record database.

Objective: Early diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are vital for a better prognosis. Still, because of obscure anatomical sites and insidious symptoms, nearly 80% of patients with NPC are diagnosed at a late stage. This study aimed to validate a machine learning (ML) model utilizing symptom-related diagnoses and procedures in medical records to predict nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) occurrence and reduce the prediagnostic period.

Multimorbidity analysis with low condition counts: a robust Bayesian approach for small but important subgroups.

Background: Robustly examining associations between long-term conditions may be important in identifying opportunities for intervention in multimorbidity but is challenging when evidence is limited. We have developed a Bayesian inference framework that is robust to sparse data and used it to quantify morbidity associations in the oldest old, a population with limited available data.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of a representative dataset of primary care patients in Scotland as of March 2007.