LLMDiff: Diffusion Model Using Frozen LLM Transformers for Precipitation Nowcasting.

Precipitation nowcasting, which involves the short-term, high-resolution prediction of rainfall, plays a crucial role in various real-world applications. In recent years, researchers have increasingly utilized deep learning-based methods in precipitation nowcasting. The exponential growth of spatiotemporal observation data has heightened interest in recent advancements such as denoising diffusion models, which offer appealing prospects due to their inherent probabilistic nature that aligns well with the complexities of weather forecasting.

Short-Term Precipitation Radar Echo Extrapolation Method Based on the MS-DD3D-RSTN Network and STLoss Function.

Short-term precipitation forecasting is essential for agriculture, transportation, urban management, and tourism. The radar echo extrapolation method is widely used in precipitation forecasting. To address issues like forecast degradation, insufficient capture of spatiotemporal dependencies, and low accuracy in radar echo extrapolation, we propose a new model: MS-DD3D-RSTN.

Variation characteristics of extreme climate events in Southwest China from 1961 to 2017.

change is increasing the intensity of climate . Significant impacts of extreme climate on human society and ecosystem have occurred in many places of the world, for example, Southwest China (SWC). In this study, the daily temperature and precipitation data from 438 meteorological stations are used to analyze the variation characteristics of extreme climate events in the SWC from 1961 to 2017.

Forecast of Fine Particles in Chengdu under Autumn-Winter Synoptic Conditions.

We conducted an evaluation of the impact of meteorological factor forecasts on the prediction of fine particles in Chengdu, China, during autumn and winter, utilizing the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)733 objective weather classification software and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. This analysis was performed under four prevailing weather patterns. Fine particle pollution tended to occur under high-pressure rear, homogeneous-pressure, and low-pressure conditions; by contrast, fine particle concentrations were lower under high-pressure bottom conditions.

Improving the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of hybrid rice through rational use of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea topdressing.

Introduction: Controlled-release fertilizers effectively improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, their use increases the cost of crop production. Optimal management modes involving urea replacement with controlled-release N fertilizers to increase rice yield through enhanced NUE are not widely explored.

No-tillage with straw mulching promotes the utilization of soil nitrogen by rice under wheat-rice and oilseed rape-rice cropping systems.

Introduction: To investigate the effects of no-tillage with straw mulching on the absorption and utilization of soil nitrogen (N), fertilizer N, and straw N by rice under paddy-upland rotations.

Methods: A field experiment with three cropping systems: fallow-rice rotation without straw mulching (FRN), wheat-rice rotation with wheat mulching in rice season (WRS), and oilseed rape-rice rotation with oilseed rape straw mulching in rice season (ORS) was conducted from 2015 to 2017, along with a mini-plot experiment with N-labeled urea and straws, which was conducted in 2017.

Results: No-tillage with straw reduced rice N uptake up to 20 days after transplanting, the total amount of fertilizer N uptake of WRS and ORS rice plants was 46.

[Application of WRF Optimal Parameterization Scheme for Different Air Quality Models].

Accurate meteorological fields and applicable air quality models are important ways to optimize air pollution simulations. To improve the accuracy of winter air pollution models in the Sichuan basin, we conducted a meteorological field simulation using 25 sets of parameterized scheme combinations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Based on the optimal parameters, the air pollution levels were simulated using AERMOD and CALPUFF models in a local large steel plant, and the data were verified by comparing the data from four National Ambient Air Monitoring Stations (NAAMS).

A predictable prospect of the South Asian summer monsoon.

Prediction of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) has remained a challenge for both scientific research and operational climate prediction for decades. By identifying two dominant modes of the SASM, here we show that the unsatisfactory prediction may be due to the fact that the existing SASM indices are mostly related to the less predictable second mode. The first mode, in fact, is highly predictable.

[Variation characteristics of normalized difference vegetation index in Northwestern Sichuan Plateau and its response to extreme climate during 2001-2020].

The northwestern Sichuan Plateau is a typical eco-climate sensitive area, where vegetation condition is closely related to climate change. We used the MODIS-NDVI and the meteorological data during 2001-2020 to investigate the change trend of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the mechanism underlying its responses to climate factors in the growing season of northwestern Sichuan Plateau by using the methods of maximum value composite, geodetector model, trend analysis, and correlation analysis. The results showed that vegetation coverage in northwestern Sichuan Plateau was overall good during the study period.

Exploring the ozone pollution over the western Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: The impact of diurnal change in mountain-plains solenoid.

The Sichuan Basin (SCB), to the east of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), experiences severe ozone (O) pollution. Unfavorable atmospheric diffusion conditions are considered the main causes of heavy air pollution over the basin. However, the meteorological impact of thermally driven mountain-plains solenoid (MPS) between the TP and SCB on O pollution has not been reported.

[Continuous-rain hazard of transplanting and direct-sowing rice in Sichuan Basin, China].

Continuous rain disaster is a kind of complex disaster with high frequency in the Basin area of Sichuan Province. Continuous rainy weather may appear in every growing stage of rice, with consequences on the yield and quality. Based on the meteorological data of 105 meteorological stations between 1981 and 2019, combining the observation data of rise production, agricultural statistics and the basic geographic information, we quantitatively evaluated and compared the continuous-rain disasters in the whole growth period and the four growth stages (sowing-jointing, jointing-booting, booting-early filling, mid-late filling-maturity) between transplanted rice and direct-seeded rice in the basin area of Sichuan Province.

Nocturnal surface radiation cooling modulated by cloud cover change reinforces PM accumulation: Observational study of heavy air pollution in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China.

Surface radiation is crucial to atmospheric boundary layer development and air pollution formation. Several studies have revealed that surface radiation plays a vital role in developing the daytime convective boundary layer that controls the explosive growth of PM concentration; however, less attention has been paid to the effects of changing nighttime surface radiation on the near-surface temperature inversion layer and PM accumulation. In this study, we used long-term observations of meteorological and environmental data and atmospheric boundary layer measurements during a severe PM pollution event to investigate the effect of changes in nocturnal surface radiation on the increase in PM concentrations.

[Climatic ecological suitability and potential distribution for in mountainous areas of Western Sichuan Plateau, China].

The ecological climate suitability of was systematically analyzed in mountainous areas of the Western Sichuan Plateau using DEM, land cover data and meteorological data from 52 weather stations in Sichuan Province and four weather stations in other provinces. Factors such as temperature, precipitation and vegetation cover were selected as the regionalization index to analyze the potential spatial distribution of in Western Sichuan Plateau by GIS technology. The results showed that the northern boundary of potential distribution area for was near 32° N, the upper and lower limits of the altitude were about 800 m and 3000 m.

[Characteristics of agricultural climate resource changes during the growth stages of tobacco during 1961-2017 in Panxi Region, China].

It is of great significance for the sustainable development of regional agriculture to understand the changes of agricultural climate resources during the growth period of local main crops. Based on data from 15 meteorological stations in tobacco planting area of Panxi region, Sichuan, from 1961 to 2017, the average temperature, diurnal temperature range, water deficit, and radiation were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of agricultural climate resources such as light, temperature, and water in the whole growth period and each growth stages respectively. From 1961 to 2017, the average temperature of tobacco during the whole growth period gradually decreased from south to north in Panxi, while temperature showed an increasing trend in most areas.

Potential impact of atmospheric heating over East Europe on the zonal shift in the South Asian high: the role of the Silk Road teleconnection.

It is well recognized that the zonal shift in the South Asian High (SAH) has pronounced influences on weather and climate anomalies over surrounding and teleconnected regions. Hence, it is of great importance to investigate the factors related to the interannual variation in the zonal location of the SAH. This study indicates that the anomalous atmospheric apparent heat source () around East Europe has a close relationship with the interannual variation in the SAH zonal shift during boreal summer.

[Potential distribution and suitability regionalization of kiwifruit canker disease in Sichuan Province, China].

To detect the suitability of kiwifruit bacterial canker in Sichuan, a MaxEnt model based on distribution information and environmental variables was used to predict its potential distribution area and to analyze the impact of major environmental variables. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model simulation. The average area under curve of 10 replicates was 0.

Southeastern China Boreal Winter Precipitation Anomalies are Dependent on Intensity of El Niño.

Previous studies reported that boreal winter precipitation in southeastern China (SEC) tends to increase during El Niño. In this study, however, we find that most weak El Niño events are accompanied by below-normal precipitation in SEC, although strong El Niño events are accompanied by above-normal precipitation in SEC for both eastern Pacific El Niño and central Pacific El Niño. Both the cold SST anomalies in the western North Pacific (WNP) and the warm SST anomalies in the central tropical Pacific are important for the formation of anomalous anticyclone over the WNP, which favors above-normal precipitation over SEC by transporting more water vapor to SEC.

[Comparison of drought risk between transplanting and direct-sowing rice in the Sichuan Basin, China].

The quantitative evaluation and comparison of drought risks at each development stage and the whole growth period between transplanting rice and direct-sowing rice in Sichuan Basin can provide a scientific basis for the transformation and promotion of rice production technology in various regions. Based on the theory of natural disaster risk and the formation mechanism of rice drought risk, we evaluated and compared the drought risk in the whole growth period and the four development stages (sowing-jointing, jointing-booting, booting-full heading, full heading-maturity) between transplanting rice and direct-sowing rice, analyzed the vulnerability of disaster bodies, the sensitivity of disaster environment and the capacity of drought disaster prevention and reduction of rice drought in Sichuan Basin, using meteorological data in Sichuan Basin from 1961 to 2017, the observation data of rise production, agricultural statistics and the basic geographical information. The drought risk assessment model for Sichuan Basin was established, which was used to classify the results of evaluation.

Dynamical and Thermodynamical Influences of the Maritime Continent on ENSO Evolution.

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts tremendous influences on the global climate. Through dynamic lifting and thermal forcing, the Maritime Continent (MC) plays an important role in affecting global atmospheric circulation. In spite of the extensive studies on ENSO mechanisms, the influence of MC on the characteristics of ENSO life cycle remains unclear.

[Prediction model of meteorological grade of wheat stripe rust in winter-reproductive area, Sichuan Basin, China].

The winter reproductive areas of Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis in Sichuan Basin are often the places mostly affected by wheat stripe rust. With data on the meteorological condition and stripe rust situation at typical stations in the winter reproductive area in Sichuan Basin from 1999 to 2016, this paper classified the meteorological conditions inducing wheat stripe rust into 5 grades, based on the incidence area ratio of the disease.

Tree-ring-based reconstruction of streamflow for the Zaqu River in the Lancang River source region, China, over the past 419 years.

Tree-ring width standard chronologies were created from juniperus przewalskii Kom data collected in the Lancang River Headwaters region. Statistical analysis results showed high correlation (r = 0.69) between the composite tree-ring chronology and instrumental streamflow records at the Xiangda Hydrological Station during the annual September-August interval.

Approaches for controlling air pollutants and their environmental impacts generated from coal-based electricity generation in China.

This study aims at qualifying air pollutants and environmental impacts generated from coal-based power plants and providing useful information for decision makers on the management of coal-based power plants in China. Results showed that approximately 9.03, 54.