Occurrence and dietary risk assessment of 37 pesticides in wheat fields in the suburbs of Beijing, China.

The co-occurrence of multiple pesticides in wheat fields adversely affects human health and the environment. Herein, 206 pairs of wheat and soil samples were collected from wheat fields in Beijing, China from 2018 to 2020. One or multiple pesticide residues were detected, and carbendazim (maximum: 38511.

A chromosome-level assembly of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a genomic resource to study beetle and invasion biology.

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), is a well-known model organism for genetic studies and is also a well-studied natural enemy used for pest control. It became an invasive species after being introduced to North America and Europe as a pest control agent. Though two genome assemblies for this insect have been previously reported, a high-quality genome assembly at the chromosome level is still not available.

First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum siamense and C. fructicola of Camellia chrysantha in China.

Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama, belonging to the Theaceae family, is famous for its large size and golden yellow flowers, which has high ornamental and health care functions (Mo et al. 2013). Anthracnose is one of the most important fungal diseases worldwide, causing serious economic losses to many plants.

Acetaminophen degradation by a synergistic peracetic acid/UVC-LED/Fe(II) advanced oxidation process: Kinetic assessment, process feasibility and mechanistic considerations.

Application of peracetic acid (PAA) in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) has seen an increase in the last few years. In this study, PAA/UVC-LED/transition metal was used to degrade acetaminophen (ACT) in an aqueous solution. Amongst tested transition metals (Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Ag), Fe(II) demonstrated the highest efficiency.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products.

Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Species Causing Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China.

Watermelon is an economically important crop in China and is commonly affected by -like leaf blight that can result in significant economic losses. In this study, 830 isolates, recovered from symptomatic watermelon leaves, were identified based on morphological traits, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (), histone 3 (), the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA ITS), and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (). Watermelon isolates grouped to five species and one unclassified species.

Broadly Tuned Odorant Receptor AlinOR59 Involved in Chemoreception of Floral Scent in .

Plant volatiles such as floral scent compounds play a crucial role in mediating insect host locating, mate search, and oviposition sites selection. The alfalfa plant bug, (Goeze), is a seriously polyphagous herbivore of alfalfa and cotton that has an obvious preference for flowering host plants. In this study, we focused on the role of an odorant receptor AlinOR59 in the perception of plant volatiles in .

A Re-evaluation of the Taxonomy and Classification of the Type III Secretion System in a Pathogenic Bacterium Causing Soft Rot Disease of Pleurotus eryngii.

Pantoea beijingensis, a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, causes soft rot disease in the fungus Pleurotus eryngii in China. However, the taxonomic classification of this pathogen is controversial due to close relationships between bacteria of the genera Pantoea and Erwinia. This study aimed to resolve the identity of P.

Identification and Functional Characterization of a Sigma Glutathione S-Transferase Involved in λ-Cyhalothrin Resistance in the Codling Moth .

The codling moth, (L.), is a quarantine pest of global significance impacting pome fruits and walnuts. It has evolved resistance to many commonly used insecticides including λ-cyhalothrin.

Molecular data reveals a new holomorphic marine fungus, , and the asexual morph of .

This study introduces a novel holomorphic marine fungal species, (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales), from dead . The new species has semi-immersed, subglobose or ellipsoidal, papillate, conical ascomata, clavate to subcylindrical, short pedicellate asci and 3-septate, fusoid to ellipsoidal ascospores with rounded ends, pale brown to dark brown central cells and hyaline end cells. The asexual morph has multiseptate, filiform, intercalary, catenate, branched chlamydospores that resemble .

The Effect of Different Dietary Sugars on the Development and Fecundity of .

The aim of this study was to screen synergistic substances included in existing artificial feeds in order to improve the fertility and survival rate of (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an efficient pest predator. To this end, we analyzed the potential effects of glucose and trehalose on the growth, development, and reproduction of and evaluated the effect of three different artificial feeds on the energy stress of s. The artificial diets contained fresh pork liver, honey, sucrose, vitamin C, and royal jelly, which was marked it as Diet1.

Characterization of field-evolved resistance to pyridalyl in a near-isogenic line of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.

Background: Plutella xylostella has developed resistance to a variety of pesticides in the field. Selection, inheritance, a near-isogenic line, cross-resistance and biochemical mechanisms of pyridalyl resistance were characterized in a field-collected resistant population of P. xylostella from China.

Olfactory Reception of Host Alarm Pheromone Component by the Odorant-Binding Proteins in the Samurai Wasp, (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae).

The samurai wasp, , is the predominant egg parasitoid of the brown marmorated stink bug, , in its native range in China. ()-2-Decenal is a major component of the alarm pheromone of , an important invasive insect pest with significant economic importance. .

Biological Control with in China: History, Present Status, and Perspectives.

species make up one of the most commonly used groups of natural enemies for biological control programs worldwide. Given the major successes in using to control economically important lepidopterous pests on agricultural crops in China, the biology and ecology of these wasps have been intensively studied to identify traits that contribute to successful biological control. Since the 1960s, improved mass production of and better augmentative release methods to suppress agricultural pests have been achieved.

A LysM Domain-Containing Protein LtLysM1 Is Important for Vegetative Growth and Pathogenesis in Woody Plant Pathogen .

Lysin motif (LysM) proteins are reported to be necessary for the virulence and immune response suppression in many herbaceous plant pathogens, while far less is documented in woody plant pathogens. In this study, we preliminarily characterized the molecular function of a LysM protein LtLysM1 in woody plant pathogen Transcriptional profiles revealed that LtLysM1 is highly expressed at infectious stages, especially at 36 and 48 hours post inoculation. Amino acid sequence analyses revealed that LtLysM1 was a putative glycoprotein with 10 predicted -glycosylation sites and one LysM domain.

Functional and evolutionary characterization of chemosensory protein CSP2 in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.

Background: Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are thought to play essential roles in insect chemical communication, but their exact physiological functions remain unclear.

Results: In this study, we investigated the functions of the CSP2 gene in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci using protein expression and the binding affinity spectrum of CSP2 to different types of odor molecules. Moreover, the evolutionary characteristics of the CSP2 gene were studied.

First Report of Leaf Blotch of Caused by in China.

Salix babylonica L. (weeping willow) is an important ornamental tree commonly planted in China. Since 2018, a new disease with a high incidence has been observed on S.

Characterization of flupyradifurone resistance in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q biotype).

Background: Bemisia tabaci is one of most notorious pests on various crops worldwide and many populations show high resistance to different types of insecticides. Flupyradifurone is a novel insecticide against sucking pests. B.

Effects of zinc acquired through the plant-aphid-ladybug food chain on the growth, development and fertility of Harmonia axyridis.

Heavy metal pollution is an increasingly serious problem in agricultural ecosystems. Zinc accumulation in the food chain may harm the physiological functions of organisms, including herbivorous and predatory insects. Its effects on development and reproduction in Harmonia axyridis are largely unknown.

Joint effects of cadmium and copper on Apis mellifera forgers and larvae.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are important ecological and agricultural resources. They are among the most widely available pollinators and provide products as well as services.

Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanism of resistance to cyantraniliprole in a near-isogenic line of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q biotype).

Bemisia tabaci, sweetpotato whitefly, is one notorious insect pest on a series of crops worldwide, and many populations show high resistance to various insecticides. The cyantraniliprole-resistant strain of B. tabaci SX-R (138.

Characterization and target gene analysis of microRNAs in the antennae of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding single-strand RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes, are about 21-24 nucleotides long and are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. Generally, the types and quantities of miRNAs in the different tissues of an organism are diverse, and these divergences may be related to their specific functions. Here we have identified 296 known miRNAs and 46 novel miRNAs in the antennae of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator by high-throughput sequencing.

LtEPG1, a Secretory Endopolygalacturonase Protein, Regulates the Virulence of in and Is Recognized as a Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns.

The genome encodes numerous glycoside hydrolases involved in organic matter degradation and conducive to pathogen infection, whereas their molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we identified the glycoside hydrolase family 28 endopolygalacturonase LtEPG1 in and characterized its function in detail. LtEPG1 acts as a virulence factor during infection.

Characterization of pyridalyl resistance in a laboratory-selected strain of Frankliniella occidentalis.

Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips, is one of most notorious pests on a variety of crops worldwide and many populations have high resistance to different types of insecticides. In order to determine the susceptibility of F. occidentalis to the insecticide pyridalyl in the field and to understand the potential mechanism of resistance, we conducted field monitoring of resistance and investigated cross-resistance, fitness cost, and synergism for the 75.

Species Associated with Various Hosts from Shandong Peninsula, China.

is a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae. Species in this genus are phytopathogenic, endophytic, and saprobic on different hosts. In this study, leaf specimens with disease symptoms were collected from host plants from the Shandong Peninsula, China.