Two novel species and two new records of from freshwater habitats in China and Thailand.

During investigations into freshwater fungi from the Great Mekong Subregion, four taxa were collected from China and Thailand. Based on morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1-α, and RPB2 sequence data, two new species and are introduced, and two known species and were first reported in freshwater habitat. Illustrations and descriptions of these taxa are provided, along with comparisons with extant taxa in the genus.

gen. et sp. nov., a Novel Quellkörper-Bearing Fungal Taxon Added to and Inclusion of in Based on Phylogenetic Evidence.

An undetermined saprobic fungal taxon from Yunnan (China) is revealed as a new genus in (). The novel taxon, , is characterized by immersed to erumpent, semi-globose ascomata, which are not surrounded by any tomentum or conspicuous subiculum, a subcylindrical quellkörper in the centrum, clavate asci with long pedicels and allantoid hyaline ascospores with granular contents. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probability analyses based on LSU, ITS, and sequence data depict a close phylogenetic relationship of the new genus to , hence, confirming its placement in .

Morphological and Phylogenetic Appraisal of Novel and Extant Taxa of Stictidaceae from Northern Thailand.

Stictidaceae comprises taxa with diverse lifestyles. Many species in this family are drought resistant and important for studying fungal adaptation and evolution. Stictidaceae comprises 32 genera, but many of them have been neglected for decades due to the lack of field collections and molecular data.

(Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) Species from the Greater Mekong Subregion.

The cosmopolitan fungal genus is an important pathogen on arboreal plant hosts, particularly in tropical and temperate regions. It has long been used as a traditional medicine because of its medicinal properties and chemical constituents. In this study, collections were made in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), encompassing tropical parts of Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and temperate areas in Yunnan Province, China.

Biodiversity of Lignicolous Freshwater Hyphomycetes from China and Thailand and Description of Sixteen Species.

Freshwater hyphomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi with a worldwide distribution and have been mostly reported from tropical and subtropical regions. During investigations of freshwater fungi from the Greater Mekong subregion in China and Thailand, sixteen freshwater hyphomycetes (three of them belong to the class Dothideomycetes while thirteen belong to the class Sordariomycetes) were collected. Based on morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, , , , , and are described as new species; is proposed as a new combination; , , , , and are reported as new country records; and , and are introduced as three new collections.

Fungal Biodiversity in Salt Marsh Ecosystems.

This review brings together the research efforts on salt marsh fungi, including their geographical distribution and host association. A total of 486 taxa associated with different hosts in salt marsh ecosystems are listed in this review. The taxa belong to three phyla wherein Ascomycota dominates the taxa from salt marsh ecosystems accounting for 95.

Molecular and Morphological Assessment of Species Associated with Ornamental Plants in Yunnan Province, China.

The Karst landform is the main geographic characteristic in South China. Such areas are rich in vegetation and especially suitable for growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants. In this study, 11 strains were obtained from different plants' leaves collected in the Kunming Botanical Garden, Yunnan Province, China.

Diversity and Function of Appressoria.

Endophytic, saprobic, and pathogenic fungi have evolved elaborate strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Among the diverse plant-fungi interactions, the most crucial event is the attachment and penetration of the plant surface. Appressoria, specialized infection structures, have been evolved to facilitate this purpose.

Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value.

Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers, pleasant taste, and unique flavors. The presence of high quality proteins, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, triterpene sterols, and secondary metabolites makes macrofungi an important commodity.

Reappraisal of in Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales: Introducing sp. nov. and comb. et gen. nov. Based on Morphology and Phylogeny.

is a poorly known genus, and currently, no DNA sequence data are available to ascertain its proper phylogenetic placement and evolutionary relationships with other bitunicate fungi. To date, there are only two species accepted in the genus. During our ongoing research study of bambusicolous fungi in southwest China and Thailand, a fungus associated with stromata of sp.

Morpho-molecular characterization of sp. nov. and a new host record for .

Collections of fungal samples from two dead leaf specimens from Italy were subjected to morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses. Two coelomycetous taxa belonging to two different genera in Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, namely and , were identified. The taxon is revealed as a new species and is herein introduced as while the taxon is identified as .

Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of , the Green Peach Aphid, Infected with Cucumber Mosaic Virus.

Aphids transmit CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) in a non-persistent manner. However, little is known about the mechanism of CMV transmission. In this study, an integrated analysis of the mRNA and protein was performed to identify important putative regulators involved in the transmission of CMV by aphids.

Three Novel Entomopathogenic Fungi From China and Thailand.

Entomopathogenic fungi are ubiquitous in tropical rainforests and feature a high level of diversity. This group of fungi not only has important ecological value but also medicinal value. Nevertheless, they are often ignored, and many unknown species have yet to be discovered and described.

The Evolution of Life Modes in Stictidaceae, with Three Novel Taxa.

Ostropales is a large group comprising both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, with several lineages expressing optional lichenization where individuals of the same fungal species exhibit either saprotrophic or lichenized lifestyles depending on the substrate (bark or wood). Greatly variable phenotypic characteristics and large-scale phylogenies have led to frequent changes in the taxonomic circumscription of this order. Ostropales is currently split into Graphidales, Gyalectales, Odontotrematales, Ostropales , and Thelenellales.

Additions to Italian Pleosporinae, including sp. nov.

Background: In the last few years, many microfungi-including plant-associated species-have been reported from various habitats and substrates in Italy. In this study of pleosporalean fungi, we researched terrestrial habitats in the Provinces of Arezzo (Tuscany region), Forlì-Cesena and Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna region) in Italy.

New Information: Our research on Italian pleosporalean fungi resulted in the discovery of a new species, (Phaeosphaeriaceae).

Simultaneous determination of 79 pesticides in pigeonpea grains using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS.

Pigeonpea grains are important sources of vegetarian proteins. It is the paramount importance to check the pesticide residues due to their frequent use during production. The LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 79 pesticide residues in pigeonpea.

Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China.

Karst formations represent a unique eco-environment. Research in the microfungi inhabiting this area is limited. During an ongoing survey of ascomycetous microfungi from karst terrains in Guizhou Province, China, we discovered four new species, which are introduced here as , , and placed in Rhytismataceae, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters.

Taxonomy, Diversity and Cultivation of the Oudemansielloid/Xeruloid Taxa and with Respect to Their Bioactivities: A Review.

The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa and are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins.

Novel species of fungi on from Thailand.

A survey of the diversity and distribution of microfungi on leaf litter in Songkhla Province (Thailand) yielded two collections of pestalotiopsis-like fungi. Analyses of a combined ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2 sequence data matrix were applied to infer the phylogenetic position of these new isolates in . The phylogenies indicated that these two isolates were monophyletic and constituted a distinct lineage that perceived a taxonomic novelty in .

The Genus from Southwestern China and Northern Thailand.

(Pyronemataceae, Pezizales) is a saprobic genus in Pezizomycetes, characterized by colored apothecia, subcylindrical to cylindrical asci and guttulate ascospores. We collected four samples from China and Thailand. Descriptions and illustrations are introduced for all fresh samples.

Insect chemical ecology: chemically mediated interactions and novel applications in agriculture.

Insect chemical ecology (ICE) evolved as a discipline concerned with plant-insect interactions, and also with a strong focus on intraspecific pheromone-mediated communication. Progress in this field has rendered a more complete picture of how insects exploit chemical information in their surroundings in order to survive and navigate their world successfully. Simultaneously, this progress has prompted new research questions about the evolution of insect chemosensation and related ecological adaptations, molecular mechanisms that mediate commonly observed behaviors, and the consequences of chemically mediated interactions in different ecosystems.

Screening of Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi From Air and Soil in Yunnan, China: Four Novel Species in , , , and .

Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) play an important role in increasing the bioavailability of phosphorus in soils for plants. Thirteen fungal strains, one collected from air and 12 from soil, were screened and described here in detail. These fungal strains were tested for their ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on both solid and liquid Pikovskaya (PVK) media .

Synthesis, characterization of two matrine derivatives and their cytotoxic effect on Sf9 cell of Spodoptera frugiperda.

The invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda has imposed a serious impact on global food security. Matrine is a botanical pesticide with a broad spectrum of insecticidal activity which was recommended for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. In order to discover effective insecticide for Spodoptera frugiperda, two matrine derivatives modified with carbon disulfide and nitrogen-containing groups were systhesized.