The Interaction of Fungicide and Nitrogen for Aboveground Biomass from Flag Leaf Emergence and Grain Yield Generation under Tan Spot Infection in Wheat.

(Died.) Drechs., the causal agent of tan spot, is one of the most serious biotic diseases affecting wheat worldwide ( L.

Ammonium Uptake, Mediated by Ammonium Transporters, Mitigates Manganese Toxicity in Duckweed, .

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that affects all aspects of the growth, development and metabolic responses of plants. Here we investigated the influence of the two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium, on the toxicity caused by excess of Mn in great duckweed, . The revealed alleviating effect of ammonium on Mn-mediated toxicity, was complemented by detailed molecular, biochemical and evolutionary characterization of the species ammonium transporters (AMTs).

Genetic Variation in Common Bunt Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat.

Common bunt (caused by and ) is a major wheat disease. It occurs frequently in the USA and Turkey and damages grain yield and quality. Seed treatment with fungicides is an effective method to control this disease.

Impacts of drought and elevated temperature on the seeds of malting barley.

High seed quality is key to agricultural production, which is increasingly affected by climate change. We studied the effects of drought and elevated temperature during seed production on key seed quality traits of two genotypes of malting barley ( L.).

Medium-Chain-Length Fatty Acid Catabolism in Cupriavidus necator H16: Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Differences from Long-Chain-Length Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Involvement of Several Homologous Genes.

The number of genes encoding β-oxidation enzymes in Cupriavidus necator H16 (synonym, Ralstonia eutropha H16) is high, but only the operons A0459-A0464 and A1526-A1531, each encoding four genes for β-oxidation enzymes, were expressed during growth with long-chain-length fatty acids (LCFAs). However, we observed that C. necator ΔA0459-A0464 ΔA1526-A1531 and C.

High temperature increases centromere-mediated genome elimination frequency and enhances haploid induction in Arabidopsis.

Double haploid production is the most effective way to create true-breeding lines in a single generation. In Arabidopsis, haploid induction via mutation of the centromere-specific histone H3 (cenH3) has been shown when the mutant is outcrossed to the wild-type, and the wild-type genome remains in the haploid progeny. However, factors that affect haploid induction are still poorly understood.

Biofilm formation and inflammatory potential of A possible cause of orthopedic implant-associated infections.

a coagulase-negative staphylococcal species, has some unusual characteristics for human-associated staphylococci, such as slow growth and its preference for anoxic culture conditions. This species is a relatively abundant member of the human skin microbiota, but its microbiological properties, as well as the pathogenic potential, have scarcely been investigated so far, despite being occasionally isolated from different types of infections including orthopedic implant-associated infections. Here, we investigated the growth and biofilm properties of clinical isolates of and determined host cell responses.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization leads to a change of hormone profile in micropropagated plantlet Satureja khuzistanica Jam.

Phytohormones are supposed to contribute to the establishment of mutualistic Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses. However, their role in the acclimation of micropropagated plantlet inoculated with AM is still unknown. To address this question, we performed a hormone profiling during the acclimation of Satureja khuzistanica plantlets inoculated with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum.

Chromosome-length genome assemblies of six legume species provide insights into genome organization, evolution, and agronomic traits for crop improvement.

Introduction: Legume crops are an important source of protein and oil for human health and in fixing atmospheric N for soil enrichment. With an objective to accelerate much-needed genetic analyses and breeding applications, draft genome assemblies were generated in several legume crops; many of them are not high quality because they are mainly based on short reads. However, the superior quality of genome assembly is crucial for a detailed understanding of genomic architecture, genome evolution, and crop improvement.

Wheat genome architecture influences interactions with phytobeneficial microbial functional groups in the rhizosphere.

Wheat has undergone a complex evolutionary history, which led to allopolyploidization and the hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum. However, the significance of wheat genomic architecture for beneficial plant-microbe interactions is poorly understood, especially from a functional standpoint. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that wheat genomic architecture was an overriding factor determining root recruitment of microorganisms with particular plant-beneficial traits.

Genetic association of spikelet abortion with spike, grain, and shoot traits in highly-diverse six-rowed barley.

Spikelet abortion is a phenomenon where apical spikelet primordia on an immature spike abort. Regardless of the row-type, both apical and basal spikelet abortion occurs, and their extent decides the number of grain-bearing spikelets retained on the spike-thus, affecting the yield potential of barley. Reducing spikelet abortion, therefore, represents an opportunity to increase barley yields.

Functional characterization of the sugarcane ( spp.) ammonium transporter AMT2;1 suggests a role in ammonium root-to-shoot translocation.

AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER/METHYLAMMONIUM PERMEASE/RHESUS (AMT) family members transport ammonium across membranes in all life domains. Plant AMTs can be categorized into AMT1 and AMT2 subfamilies. Functional studies of AMTs, particularly AMT1-type, have been conducted using model plants but little is known about the function of AMTs from crops.

Seed size, endosperm and germination variation in sexual and apomictic .

Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the mother. Among apomictic plants (reproducing asexually through seeds) many require paternal genetic contribution for proper endosperm development (pseudogamous endosperm). We examined phenotypic diversity in seed traits using a diverse panel of sexual and apomictic accessions from the genus .

Metabolic diversity in a collection of wild and cultivated subspecies.

() and its subspecies contain many bioactive metabolites that are important for plant defense and human health. This study aimed at investigating the metabolite composition and variation among a large collection of genotypes, including subspecies and their accessions. Metabolite profiling of leaves of 102 genotypes was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS).

A technical guide to TRITEX, a computational pipeline for chromosome-scale sequence assembly of plant genomes.

Background: As complete and accurate genome sequences are becoming easier to obtain, more researchers wish to get one or more of them to support their research endeavors. Reliable and well-documented sequence assembly workflows find use in reference or pangenome projects.

Results: We describe modifications to the TRITEX genome assembly workflow motivated by the rise of fast and easy long-read contig assembly of inbred plant genomes and the routine deployment of the toolchains in pangenome projects.

BAHD Company: The Ever-Expanding Roles of the BAHD Acyltransferase Gene Family in Plants.

Plants' ability to chemically modify core structures of specialized metabolites is the main reason why the plant kingdom contains such a wide and rich array of diverse compounds. One of the most important types of chemical modifications of small molecules is the addition of an acyl moiety to produce esters and amides. Large-scale phylogenomics analyses have shown that the enzymes that perform acyl transfer reactions on the myriad small molecules synthesized by plants belong to only a few gene families.

In-Depth Understanding of the Genetic Control of Stripe Rust Resistance ( f. sp. ) Induced in Wheat () by T34.

Wheat stripe rust (caused by f. Erikss.) causes severe yield losses worldwide.

Image analysis workflows to reveal the spatial organization of cell nuclei and chromosomes.

Nucleus, chromatin, and chromosome organization studies heavily rely on fluorescence microscopy imaging to elucidate the distribution and abundance of structural and regulatory components. Three-dimensional (3D) image stacks are a source of quantitative data on signal intensity level and distribution and on the type and shape of distribution patterns in space. Their analysis can lead to novel insights that are otherwise missed in qualitative-only analyses.

Strategies for Intraspecific Genotyping of Duckweed: Comparison of Five Orthogonal Methods Applied to the Giant Duckweed .

The predominantly vegetative propagating duckweeds are of growing commercial interest. Since clonal accessions within a respective species can vary considerably with respect to their physiological as well as biochemical traits, it is critical to be able to track the clones of species of interest after their characterization. Here, we compared the efficacy of five different genotyping methods for , a species with very low intraspecific sequence variations, including polymorphic NB-ARC-related loci, tubulin-gene-based polymorphism (TBP), simple sequence repeat variations (SSR), multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq), and low-coverage, reduced-representation genome sequencing (GBS).

Exploring the trade-off between individual fitness and community performance of wheat crops using simulated canopy shade.

The genetic heritage of wheat (Triticum spp.) crops has been shaped by millions of years of predomestication natural selection, often driven by competition among individuals. However, genetic improvements in yield potential are thought to involve selection towards reduced competitiveness, thus enhancing adaptation to the crop environment.

Histone chaperone ASF1 mediates H3.3-H4 deposition in Arabidopsis.

Histone chaperones and chromatin remodelers control nucleosome dynamics, which are essential for transcription, replication, and DNA repair. The histone chaperone Anti-Silencing Factor 1 (ASF1) plays a central role in facilitating CAF-1-mediated replication-dependent H3.1 deposition and HIRA-mediated replication-independent H3.

Dissection of a grain yield QTL from wild emmer wheat reveals sub-intervals associated with culm length and kernel number.

Genetic diversity in wheat has been depleted due to domestication and modern breeding. Wild relatives are a valuable source for improving drought tolerance in domesticated wheat. A QTL region on chromosome 2BS of wild emmer wheat ( ssp.

Precision phenotyping across the life cycle to validate and decipher drought-adaptive QTLs of wild emmer wheat ( ssp. ) introduced into elite wheat varieties.

Drought events or the combination of drought and heat conditions are expected to become more frequent due to global warming, and wheat yields may fall below their long-term average. One way to increase climate-resilience of modern high-yielding varieties is by their genetic improvement with beneficial alleles from crop wild relatives. In the present study, the effect of two beneficial QTLs introgressed from wild emmer wheat and incorporated in the three wheat varieties BarNir, Zahir and Uzan was studied under well-watered conditions and under drought stress using non-destructive High-throughput Phenotyping (HTP) throughout the life cycle in a single pot-experiment.