COL2-dependent photoperiodic floral induction in seems to be lost in the × hybrid .

Introduction: Plants are sessile organisms that maximize reproductive success by adapting to their environment. One of the key steps in the reproductive phase of angiosperms is flower development, requiring the perception of multiple endogenous and exogenous signals integrated via a complex regulatory network. Key floral regulators, including the main transcription factor of the photoperiodic pathway (CONSTANS, CO) and the central floral pathway integrator (FLOWERING LOCUS T, FT), are known in many species.

Plant height variation and genetic diversity between (Schlecht.) YY Yao and Batsch based on using SSR markers in East Kazakhstan.

Background: Genetic differences between isolated endemic populations of plant species and those with widely known twin species are relevant for conserving the biological diversity of our planet's flora. (Schlecht.) YY Yao is an endangered and endemic species of shrub almond from central Asia.

Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species are the likely primary trigger of mitochondrial retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis.

Besides their central function in respiration, plant mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress by providing "retrograde" feedback to the nucleus. Despite the growing understanding of this signaling network, the nature of the signals that initiate mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR) in plants remains unknown. Here, we investigated the dynamics and causative relationship of a wide range of mitochondria-related parameters for MRR, using a combination of Arabidopsis fluorescent protein biosensor lines, in vitro assays, and genetic and pharmacological approaches.

Chemoselective umpolung of thiols to episulfoniums for cysteine bioconjugation.

Cysteine conjugation is an important tool in protein research and relies on fast, mild and chemoselective reactions. Cysteinyl thiols can either be modified with prefunctionalized electrophiles, or converted into electrophiles themselves for functionalization with selected nucleophiles in an independent step. Here we report a bioconjugation strategy that uses a vinyl thianthrenium salt to transform cysteine into a highly reactive electrophilic episulfonium intermediate in situ, to enable conjugation with a diverse set of bioorthogonal nucleophiles in a single step.

QTL mapping for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe and leaf rust in two winter wheat populations.

The two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations developed by crossing Almaly × Avocet S (206 RILs) and Almaly × Anza (162 RILs) were used to detect the novel genomic regions associated with adult plant resistance (APR) and seedling or all-stage resistance (ASR) to yellow rust (YR) and leaf rust (LR). The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected through multi-year phenotypic evaluations (2018-2020) and using high-throughput DArTseq genotyping technology. RILs exhibited significant genetic variation with < 0.

Proteome plasticity during Physcomitrium patens spore germination - from the desiccated phase to heterotrophic growth and reconstitution of photoautotrophy.

The establishment of moss spores is considered a milestone in plant evolution. They harbor protein networks underpinning desiccation tolerance and accumulation of storage compounds that can be found already in algae and that are also utilized in seeds and pollen. Furthermore, germinating spores must produce proteins that drive the transition through heterotrophic growth to the autotrophic plant.

Characterization of tryptophan oxidation affecting D1 degradation by FtsH in the photosystem II quality control of chloroplasts.

Photosynthesis is one of the most important reactions for sustaining our environment. Photosystem II (PSII) is the initial site of photosynthetic electron transfer by water oxidation. Light in excess, however, causes the simultaneous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to photo-oxidative damage in PSII.

Probing the in situ volumes of Arabidopsis leaf plastids using three-dimensional confocal and scanning electron microscopy.

Leaf plastids harbor a plethora of biochemical reactions including photosynthesis, one of the most important metabolic pathways on Earth. Scientists are eager to unveil the physiological processes within the organelle but also their interconnection with the rest of the plant cell. An increasingly important feature of this venture is to use experimental data in the design of metabolic models.

Genome-wide association study for charcoal rot resistance in soybean harvested in Kazakhstan.

Charcoal rot (CR) caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina is a devastating disease affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) worldwide.

Differential proteome profiling of bacterial culture supernatants reveals candidates for the induction of oral immune priming in the red flour beetle.

Most organisms are host to symbionts and pathogens, which led to the evolution of immune strategies to prevent harm. Whilst the immune defences of vertebrates are classically divided into innate and adaptive, insects lack specialized cells involved in adaptive immunity, but have been shown to exhibit immune priming: the enhanced survival upon infection after a first exposure to the same pathogen or pathogen-derived components. An important piece of the puzzle are the pathogen-associated molecules that induce these immune priming responses.

Total Content of Saponins, Phenols and Flavonoids and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of In Vitro Culture of (Regel) Schischk Compared to Wild Plants.

is a rare Central Asian species, a super-producer of triterpene saponins with pharmacological and technical value. In this work, a comparative evaluation of the in vitro culture of adventitious roots (ARs), in vitro adventitious microshoots (ASs), natural roots and aboveground parts of wild plants from Kazakhstan to define the total saponin (TS), phenol (TP) and flavonoid (TF) content, as well as antioxidant (AOA) and antimicrobial activity, is presented for the first time. In the AR culture, growth index (GI), TS, TP and TF were evaluated on days 25, 45 and 60 of cultivation on ½ MS medium without (control) and with auxin application.

In vitro cold acclimation is required for successful cryopreservation of Juglans regia L. shoot tips.

Background: Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most economically important nut crops. In the Western Tien Shan in Kazakhstan, walnut forests are the northernmost in the natural range of this species.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Soybean Collection Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers.

Soybean [ (L.) Merr.] is a nutrient-rich crop that offers a sustainable source of dietary protein and edible oil.

Allele mining of eukaryotic translation initiation factor genes in Prunus for the identification of new sources of resistance to sharka.

Members of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex are co-opted in viral infection, leading to susceptibility in many crop species, including stone fruit trees (Prunus spp.). Therefore, modification of one of those eukaryotic translation initiation factors or changes in their gene expression may result in resistance.

Environmental gradients reveal stress hubs pre-dating plant terrestrialization.

Plant terrestrialization brought forth the land plants (embryophytes). Embryophytes account for most of the biomass on land and evolved from streptophyte algae in a singular event. Recent advances have unravelled the first full genomes of the closest algal relatives of land plants; among the first such species was Mesotaenium endlicherianum.

Quantification of Growth in .

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most devastating plant pathogens, infecting a wide array of plant species; it has also been established as a model organism to study plant-pathogen interactions. In this context, development of different assays to follow the relative success of B. cinerea infections is required.

Analysis of Pectin-derived Monosaccharides from Using GC-MS.

Pectin is a complex polysaccharide present in the plant cell wall, whose composition is constantly remodelled to adapt to environmental or developmental changes. Mutants with altered pectin composition have been reported to exhibit altered stress or pathogen resistance. Understanding the link between mutant phenotypes and their pectin composition requires robust analytical methods to detect changes in the relative monosaccharide composition.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Kom. Collected in Central Asia.

Kom. is a species that grows widely in the mountain ranges from Central Asia to Oman. It is an important tree for the formation of shrub-forest massifs in mountainous areas and for draining and fixing soils from middle to high altitudes.

Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA.

Leaf rust (LR) is the most widespread disease of common wheat worldwide. In order to evaluate leaf rust resistance, 70 uncharacterized wheat cultivars and promising lines with unknown leaf rust resistance genes ( genes) were exposed to Kazakhstani () races at the seedling stage. Field tests were performed to characterize leaf rust responses at the adult plant growth stage in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 cropping seasons.

PGPR-driven phytoremediation and physiobiochemical response of Miscanthus × giganteus to stress induced by the trace elements.

The effect of inoculation of Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu by the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to the phytoremediation process and physio-biochemical plant's parameters was investigated in soil contaminated with the trace elements (TEs) from the Tekeli mining complex, Kazakhstan. Yeast Trichosporon sp. CA1, strains Rhizobium sp.