Resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus in the Family .

Resistance to diseases caused by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in crop species of the family has been studied extensively, especially in members of the genus . The variation in response observed on resistant and susceptible plants inoculated with different isolates of TuMV is due to a combination of the variation in the plant resistome and the variation in the virus genome. Here, we review the breadth of this variation, both at the level of variation in TuMV sequences, with one eye towards the phylogeny and evolution of the virus, and another eye towards the nature of the various responses observed in susceptible vs.

Determination of lycopene and beta-carotene content in tomato fruits and related products: Comparison of FT-Raman, ATR-IR, and NIR spectroscopy.

Tomatoes and various products derived from thermally processed tomatoes are major sources of lycopene, but apart from this micronutrient, other carotenoids such as beta-carotene also are present in the fruit. They occur in tomato fruits and various tomato products in amounts of 2.62-629.

In situ flavonoid analysis by FT-Raman spectroscopy: identification, distribution, and quantification of aspalathin in green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis).

FT-Raman spectroscopy was used for the first time for in situ identification of aspalathin and quantification of the dihyrochalcones in dried, green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis). With the support of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, characteristic key bands of aspalathin, the main flavonoid and antioxidant occurring in rooibos, were localized and identified in the spectra obtained from various plant samples. Application of Raman mapping revealed the spatial distribution of this valuable dihydrochalcone within the intact dried leaves.

Structural changes of polyacetylenes in American ginseng root can be observed in situ by using Raman spectroscopy.

The presented results show the special advantage of Raman spectroscopy in the investigation of polyacetylenes in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) roots. The compounds are measured directly in the plant tissue without any preliminary sample preparation.

Tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots.

Raman spectroscopy can be used for sensitive detection of carotenoids in living tissue and Raman mapping provides further information about their spatial distribution in the measured plant sample. In this work, the relative content and distribution of the main carrot (Daucus carota L.) root carotenoids, alpha-, beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene were assessed using near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy.

In situ simultaneous analysis of polyacetylenes, carotenoids and polysaccharides in carrot roots.

This paper presents an approach to simultaneously analyze polyacetylenes, carotenoids, and polysaccharides in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots by means of Raman spectroscopy. The components were measured in situ in the plant tissue without any preliminary sample preparation.

Chemotaxonomy of aromatic plants of the genus Origanum via vibrational spectroscopy.

Fourier transformed-Raman (FT-Raman) and attenuated total reflection-infrared (ATR-IR) spectra of essential oils obtained from marjoram and oregano plants by hydrodistillation are presented. It is shown that the main components of the essential oils can be ascertained through both of these complementary techniques, using spectral information from the pure terpenoids. Spectroscopic analysis is based on the characteristic key bands of the individual volatile substances and therefore, in principle, these techniques allow us to discriminate between different essential oil profiles from individual oil plants of the same species (chemotypes).

Potential of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy in natural carotenoid analysis.

This paper demonstrates the special advantages of FT-Raman spectroscopy for in situ studies of several carotenoids that occur ubiquitously in the plant kingdom. Spectra obtained from various tissues of a range of plant species indicate that the wavenumber location of C=C stretching vibrations is mainly influenced both by the length as well as by the terminal substituents of the polyene chain of carotenoids and by their interaction with other plant constituents. The obtained results show also the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy in the investigation of cis-trans isomerization of carotenoids during processing.

Determination of alkaloids in capsules, milk and ethanolic extracts of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) by ATR-FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy.

Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectroscopy using a diamond composite ATR crystal and NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy techniques were applied for the simultaneous identification and quantification of the most important alkaloids in poppy capsules. Most of the characteristic Raman signals of the alkaloids can be identified in poppy milk isolated from unripe capsules. But also poppy extracts present specific bands relating clearly to the alkaloid fraction.