Isolation and spectroscopic characterization of anticancer phytochemicals from : a combined experimental and theoretical investigation using ADMET analysis and in silico molecular docking simulation against key cancer targets.

, a high-altitude medicinal herb, possesses diverse therapeutic properties. This study conducted a comprehensive phytochemical analysis of the whole plant, leading to the isolation of 15 secondary metabolites (1-15) across various classes: flavonoids (), triterpenoids (, ), sesquiterpenoid lactones (, ) and furanocoumarins (, ) along with three steroids (). These compounds were characterized using NMR (HNMR,C NMR, 2D NMR), IR, HRMS and UV-VIS.

A DOF transcriptional repressor-gibberellin feedback loop plays a crucial role in modulating light-independent seed germination.

Plants evolved several strategies to cope with the ever-changing environment. One example of this is given by seed germination, which must occur when environmental conditions are suitable for plant life. In the model system Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination is induced by light; however in nature, seeds of several plant species can germinate regardless of this stimulus.

Effect of Allium sativum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Eurycoma longifolia crude extracts on the minute intestinal fluke, Haplorchis taichui.

Haplorchis taichui is the minute intestinal fluke (MIF), presents a significant public health concern in Thailand. Despite praziquantel (PZQ) being the main treatment, concerns over recurrent use and drug resistance have surfaced. Thus, local herbal alternatives effective against gastrointestinal parasites could be crucial for reducing issues, necessitating exploration of herbal sources for alternative treatments.

Annona muricata leaf water extract in combination with artemisinin-based combination therapy for increasing CCL19 levels in the treatment of severe Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection using swiss mice.

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, with resistance to antimalarial drugs, including artemisinin-based combination therapies(ACTs), posing a significant threat. CD4+ naive cells expressing CCR7 are known to play a protective role, as they readily migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues activated by CCL19 chemokines. In an effort to address this challenge, we investigated the impact of Annona muricata, an herbaceous and immunomodulatory plant, on CCL19 concentration.

Anthelmintic activity and pathophysiological effect of Allium sativum crude extract against carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini.

Opisthorchis viverrini poses a substantial risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Thailand. Despite praziquantel (PZQ) remains the primary treatment for opisthorchiasis, its association with adverse effects and potential CCA development during prolonged treatment, particularly in cases of reinfection and chronic infection, underscores the imperative for alternative herbal interventions with anthelmintic potential. In this context, a prior study suggested the inhibitory effects of Allium sativum L.

Cysteine S-conjugate sulfoxide β-lyase activity for human ACCS.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACCS) catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl-methionine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis. A gene encoding a putative ACCS protein was identified in the human genome two decades ago. It has been shown to not exhibit any canonical ACC synthase activity and its true function remains obscure.

Identification and structural characterization of a novel acetyl xylan esterase from Aspergillus oryzae.

Acetyl xylan esterase plays a crucial role in the degradation of xylan, the major plant hemicellulose, by liberating acetic acid from the backbone polysaccharides. Acetyl xylan esterase B from Aspergillus oryzae, designated AoAxeB, was biochemically and structurally investigated. The AoAxeB-encoding gene with a native signal peptide was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris as an active extracellular protein.

Cytisine compared to combination nicotine replacement therapy to reduce cigarette consumption in relapsed smokers: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of death and disease, including those related to the cardiovascular system. Cytisine is a plant-based medication, which works in a similar mechanism to varenicline. It is safe, efficacious, and cost-effective for smoking cessation.

Reductive acetogenesis is a dominant process in the ruminant hindgut.

Background: The microbes residing in ruminant gastrointestinal tracts play a crucial role in converting plant biomass to volatile fatty acids, which serve as the primary energy source for ruminants. This gastrointestinal tract comprises a foregut (rumen) and hindgut (cecum and colon), which differ in structures and functions, particularly with respect to feed digestion and fermentation. While the rumen microbiome has been extensively studied, the cecal microbiome remains much less investigated and understood, especially concerning the assembling microbial communities and overriding pathways of hydrogen metabolism.

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamps reduce amplification of host chloroplast and mitochondria rRNA gene sequences and increase detected diversity in 16S rRNA gene profiling analysis of oak-associated microbiota.

Background: Acquiring representative bacterial 16S rRNA gene community profiles in plant microbiome studies can be challenging due to the excessive co-amplification of host chloroplast and mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences that reduce counts of plant-associated bacterial sequences. Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) clamps prevent this by blocking PCR primer binding or binding within the amplified region of non-target DNA to stop the function of DNA polymerase. Here, we applied a universal chloroplast (p)PNA clamp and a newly designed mitochondria (m)PNA clamp to minimise host chloroplast and mitochondria amplification in 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiles of leaf, bark and root tissue of two oak species (Quercus robur and Q.

Which dietary shifts to improve nutritional quality while reducing diet cost in the French West Indies?

Background: The French West Indies are facing increasing rates of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. Food prices are more than 30% higher compared with mainland France, while a large part of the population is socioeconomically disadvantaged. The affordability of a healthy diet is a key issue.

The impact of dietary patterns on gut microbiota for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.

Background: Previous studies found that it is promising to achieve the protective effects of dietary patterns on cardiovascular health through the modulation of gut microbiota. However, conflicting findings have been reported on how dietary patterns impact gut microbiota in individuals either established or at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our systematic review aimed to explore the effect of dietary patterns on gut microbiota composition and on risk factors for CVD in these populations.

TaWI12 may be involved in pistillody and leaf cracking in wheat.

TaWI12 is a member of the wound-induced (WI) protein family, which has been implicated in plant stress responses and developmental processes. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial staple crop upon which human sustenance relies.

A new approach for evaluating maize transgressive segregants and their three-way cross potential in the S4 convergent breeding population.

The development of transgressive segregant (TS) selection on convergent breeding populations of S4 maize is a concept that is rarely applied. However, the development of TS is necessary to accelerate maize breeding pipelines. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to develop the concept of TS selection and (2) to select S4 TS maize to be developed as hybrid cross parents.

Metabolic profiles and potential antioxidant mechanisms of hawk tea.

Hawk tea has received increasing attention for its unique flavor and potential health benefits, with antioxidant function being one of its significant bioactivities. However, the metabolic profiles, potential antioxidant components, and action mechanisms of different types of hawk tea are still unclear. In this study, the chemical components of five hawk teas were determined using untargeted metabolomics.

Crop rotation increases Tibetan barley yield and soil quality on the Tibetan Plateau.

Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare) accounts for over 70% of the total food production in the Tibetan Plateau. However, continuous cropping of Tibetan barley causes soil degradation, reduces soil quality and causes yield decline. Here we explore the benefits of crop rotation with wheat and rape to improve crop yield and soil quality.

Transposon proliferation drives genome architecture and regulatory evolution in wild and domesticated peppers.

Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is a widely consumed vegetable with exceptionally large genomes in Solanaceae, yet its genomic evolutionary history remains largely unknown. Here we present 11 high-quality Capsicum genome assemblies, including two gap-free genomes, covering four wild and all five domesticated pepper species.

Functional innovation through new genes as a general evolutionary process.

In the past decade, our understanding of how new genes originate in diverse organisms has advanced substantially, and more than a dozen molecular mechanisms for generating initial gene structures were identified, in addition to gene duplication. These new genes have been found to integrate into and modify pre-existing gene networks primarily through mutation and selection, revealing new patterns and rules with stable origination rates across various organisms. This progress has challenged the prevailing belief that new proteins evolve from pre-existing genes, as new genes may arise de novo from noncoding DNA sequences in many organisms, with high rates observed in flowering plants.

Betula pendula Roth. survival and growth in treeline is affected by genotype and environment.

Alpine and Arctic treelines are assumed to be shifting toward higher latitudes and altitudes as a consequence of climate warming. Here, we compared the survival and growth of 1264 silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees representing nine half-sib families.

Assessment of Opuntia ficus-indica supplementation on enhancing antioxidant levels.

Opuntia ficus-indica (OFi) is a major fruit source prevalent in semiarid and arid regions across various countries worldwide. It is widely recognised for its potential health benefits; however, most studies investigating its effects have been limited to pre-clinical models, highlighting the need for further validation through clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of OFi supplementation in enhancing antioxidant levels.

Short-term airborne ultrasound induced cell death in tobacco cells and changed their wall components.

The effects of low-intensity ultrasound on plants such as piezoelectric and ultrasonic water baths, on plants have been extensively studied. However, the specific effect of airborne ultrasound on plant cells has yet to be reported. The present study was conducted to elucidate the physiological responses of plant cells to airborne US.

Digital framework for georeferenced multiplatform surveillance of banana wilt using human in the loop AI and YOLO foundation models.

Bananas (Musa spp.) are a critical global food crop, providing a primary source of nutrition for millions of people. Traditional methods for disease monitoring and detection are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to inaccuracies.

A multilayered regulatory network mediated by protein phosphatase 4 controls carbon catabolite repression and de-repression in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and de-repression (CCDR) are critical for fungal development and pathogenicity, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood in pathogenic fungi. Here, we identify a serine/threonine protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, Pp4c, as essential for growth, conidiation, virulence, and the utilization of carbohydrates and lipids in Magnaporthe oryzae. We demonstrate that the protein phosphatase 4 complex (Pp4c and Smek1 subunits), the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Snf1, and the transcriptional regulators CreA (repressor) and Crf1 (activator) collaboratively regulate the utilization of non-preferred carbon sources.