Phylogeography and genetic diversity of Ulmus elongata (Ulmaceae), a Tertiary relict tree with extremely small populations (PSESP).

Background: Assessing the current status and identifying the mechanisms threatening endangered plants are significant challenges and fundamental to biodiversity conservation, particularly for protecting Tertiary relict trees and plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP). Ulmus elongata (Ulmus, Ulmaceae) with high values for the ornamental application, is a Tertiary relict tree species and one of the members from PSESP in China. Currently, the wild populations of U.

TaSnRK3.23B, a CBL-interacting protein kinase of wheat, confers drought stress tolerance by promoting ROS scavenging in Arabidopsis.

Background: Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) have been implicated in plant growth and stress responses. Although SnRK3.23 is known to be involved in drought stress, the underlying mechanism of resistance differs between Arabidopsis and rice, and little is known about its function in wheat.

Deciphering the endomicrobiome of Podophyllum hexandrum to reveal the endophytic bacterial-association of in-planta podophyllotoxin biosynthesis.

Understanding the change in plant-associated microbial diversity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal plants due to their cultivation in non-natural habitat (NNH) is important to maintain their therapeutic importance. Here, the bacterial endomicrobiome of Podophyllum hexandrum plants of natural habitat (NH; Kardang and Triloknath locations) and NNH (Palampur location) was identified and its association with the biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin (PTOX) was revealed. Rhizomes (source of PTOX) of plants of NH had highest endophytic bacterial diversity compared to NNH-plants.

Elucidating circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous regulatory RNA network during leaf rust pathogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Advancements in bioinformatic tools and breakthroughs in high throughput RNA sequencing have unveiled the potential role of non-coding RNAs in influencing the overall expression of disease-responsive genes. Owing to the increasing need to develop resilient crop varieties against environmental constraints, our study explores the functional relationship of various non-coding RNAs in wheat during leaf rust pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were retrieved from SAGE and RNA-Seq libraries, respectively, in the susceptible (HD2329) and resistant (HD2329 + Lr28) wheat Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs).

Cannabidiol abrogates cue-induced anxiety associated with normalization of mitochondria-specific transcripts and linoleic acid in the nucleus accumbens shell.

Anxiety disorders are one of the top contributors to psychiatric burden worldwide. Recent years have seen a dramatic rise in the potential anxiolytic properties ascribed to cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating constituent of the Cannabis Sativa plant. This has led to several clinical trials underway to examine the therapeutic potential of CBD for anxiety disorders.

Autoactive CNGC15 enhances root endosymbiosis in legume and wheat.

Nutrient acquisition is crucial for sustaining life. Plants develop beneficial intracellular partnerships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria to surmount the scarcity of soil nutrients and tap into atmospheric dinitrogen, respectively. Initiation of these root endosymbioses requires symbiont-induced oscillations in nuclear calcium (Ca) concentrations in root cells.

Elemental cryo-imaging reveals SOS1-dependent vacuolar sodium accumulation.

Increasing soil salinity causes significant crop losses globally; therefore, understanding plant responses to salt (sodium) stress is of high importance. Plants avoid sodium toxicity through subcellular compartmentation by intricate processes involving a high level of elemental interdependence. Current technologies to visualize sodium, in particular, together with other elements, are either indirect or lack in resolution.

Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials, detection of host origin compounds, and metabolic profiling of endophytic Bacillus spp. isolated from Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz.

The research highlights the importance of exploring endophytic microbiomes of medicinal plants to uncover their potential for secondary metabolite production and their role in the biosynthesis of host-derived compounds. This study was aimed to isolate leaf endophytic bacteria of Rauvolfia serpentina, investigate their antibacterial, antioxidant potentials and detect host-origin compound reserpine using Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC). Untargeted analysis via Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) was conducted for profiling main phytochemicals in the leaves and to explore potential bioactive compounds in bacterial extracts.

Functional genomics implicates ebony in the black pupae phenotype of tephritid fruit flies.

The remarkable diversity of insect pigmentation offers a captivating avenue for studying evolution and genetics. In tephritids, understanding the molecular basis of mutant traits is also crucial for applied entomology, enabling the creation of genetic sexing strains through genome editing, thus facilitating sex-sorting before sterile insect releases. Here, we present evidence from classical and modern genetics showing that the black pupae (bp) phenotype in the GUA10 strain of Anastrepha ludens is caused by a large deletion at the ebony locus, removing the gene's entire coding region.

Microsatellite/SSR dataset: characterization of apple cultivars of the German Fruit Genebank.

The German Fruit Genebank is a decentralized network focused on coordinating various germplasm collections across Germany to conserve and utilize the genetic resources of native fruit species. This aim emphasizes the necessity of trueness-to-type validation of genetic resources based on pomological and molecular characteristics. Between 2009 and 2021, multiple projects were undertaken to create an inventory of the apple (Malus ssp.

Spatial characteristics of soil potassium in the early stage of vegetation restoration and influencing factors in southwest China's karst region.

The study established experimental transects in undisturbed areas of the Caohai Nature Reserve in Weining, Guizhou Province. The study aims to examine complete successional transects in different landscapes: non-karst, karst, and vegetation restoration, using the spatiotemporal substitution method. It analyzes the distribution patterns of Total potassium (TK) and Avail potassium (AK) in the soil and employs a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) to investigate the effects of geomorphology, soil aggregates, and their interactions on the changes in soil potassium(K) elements.

Draft genome sequence of Kei apple, an underutilized African tree crop.

To address food and nutrition security in the face of burgeoning global populations and erratic climatic conditions there is a need to include nutrient dense, climatic resilient but neglected indigenous fruit trees in agrifood systems. Here we present the draft genome sequence of Kei Apple, Dovyalis afra, a neglected indigenous African fruit tree with untapped potential to contribute to nutrient security and improved livelihoods. Our long-read-based genome assembly comprises 440 Mbp sequence across 1190 contigs with a N50 and L50 of 13.

Gelatin/PLA-loaded gold nanocomposites synthesis using Syzygium cumini fruit extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer's activities.

Nanotechnology has experienced significant advancements, attracting considerable attention in various biomedical applications. This innovative study synthesizes and characterizes Ge/PLA/AuNCs (gelatin/PLA/gold nanocomposites) using Syzygium cumini extract to evaluate their various biomedical applications. The UV-Visible spectroscopy results in an absorption peak at 534 nm were primarily confirmed by Ge/PLA/AuNCs synthesis.

Warming-induced changes in seasonal priority effects drive shifts in community composition.

Shifting community assembly dynamics are an underappreciated mechanism by which warming will alter plant community composition. Germination timing (which can determine the order in which seedlings emerge within a community) will likely shift unevenly across species in response to warming. In seasonal environments where communities reassemble at the beginning of each growing season, changes in germination timing could lead to changes in seasonal priority effects, and ultimately community composition.

The underappreciated roles of aboveground vertebrates on belowground communities.

In recent decades, evidence of interactions between aboveground and belowground (i.e., soil) subsystems has accumulated.

Statistical power and the detection of global change responses: The case of leaf production in old-growth forests.

Forests sequester a substantial portion of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Many open questions concern how. We address two of these questions.

Antibody functionalized curcuma-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with doxorubicin overcome therapy-induced senescence and enhance chemotherapy.

Conventional cancer treatments often induce a sustained DNA damage response (DDR) in tumor cells, leading to therapy-induced senescence (TIS), characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest and resistance to apoptosis. These senescent cells secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), which can promote tumor progression and create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance chemotherapy efficacy by using functionalized curcuma-derived extracellular vesicles (DR5-CNV/DOX) to target and eliminate senescent tumor cells and inhibit their SASP.

Encapsulation of astilbin in zein nanoparticles with fructo-oligosaccharides and caseinate as costabilizers: Formation, stability, bioavailability, and antioxidant capacity.

Zein-based nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention as potential delivery systems for bioactive compounds. However, their application has been limited by poor stability and redispersibility. In this study, we addressed these challenges by fabricating zein nanocarriers using branching structural fructo-oligosaccharides (P-FOS) and sodium caseinate (NaCas) as costabilizers.

Deletion of FgAtg27 decreases the pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum through influence autophagic process.

Autophagy is a conserved and unique degradation system in eukaryotic cells, which plays crucial roles in the growth, development and pathogenesis of Fungi. Despite that, it is poorly understood in Fusarium graminearum currently. Here, we identified an autophagy gene FgAtg27 from F.

Genome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factor genes in Euphorbia lathyris reveals ElWRKY48 as a negative regulator of phosphate uptake and ingenol biosynthesis.

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play pivotal roles in regulating plant nutrient uptake, particularly phosphate (Pi) acquisition, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Euphorbia lathyris, a significant medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological activities, lacks a systematic analysis of WRKY members and their functional roles. In this study, 58 ElWRKY genes were identified in the E.

The TIFY Transcription Factor ZmJAZ13 Enhances Plant Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress by Interacting with ZmbHLH161 and ZmA0A1D6GLB9.

The JAZ protein family, serving as a key negative regulator in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, interacts with transcription factors to play an essential role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, minimal research has focused on the role of JAZ transcription factors in regulating the growth, development, and stress responses of maize. In this study, we cloned the JAZ gene ZmJAZ13 from maize (Zea mays L.

Antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck collected from Iraq: Bioassay-guided isolation of sinensetin as the anti-MRSA compound.

Infections caused by antibiotic-drug-resistant microorganisms are a major global health concern, and they result in millions of deaths every year. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of such drug-resistant microbial strains, and new and effective antimicrobial agents are desperately needed to combat infections caused by MRSA. In the search for effective anti-MRSA agents, the leaves of Citrus grandis (Rutaceae), also known as C.

Recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent a group of organized and programmed systems that participate in gene transcription, chromosome organization, cell division, tumorigenesis, and aging. However, the understanding of BMCs in terms of internal organizations and external regulations remains at an early stage. Recently, novel approaches such as synthetic biology have been used for de novo synthesis of BMCs.