Exploring Non-Invasive Salivary Biomarkers for Acute Pain Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review.

Pain is one of the most common complaints leading to a pediatric emergency department visit and is associated with various painful procedures, leading to increased anxiety and stress. Assessing and treating pain in children can be challenging, so it is crucial to investigate new methods for pain diagnosis. The review aims to summarize the literature on non-invasive salivary biomarkers, such as proteins and hormones, for pain assessment in urgent pediatric care settings.

Association of a high-fat diet with I-FABP as a biomarker of intestinal barrier dysfunction driven by metabolic changes in Wistar rats.

Background: The epithelial lining of the gut expresses intestinal fatty-acid binding proteins (I-FABPs), which increase in circulation and in plasma concentration during intestinal damage. From the perspective of obesity, the consumption of a diet rich in fat causes a disruption in the integrity of the gut barrier and an increase in its permeability.

Hypothesis: There is an association between the expression of I-FABP in the gut and various metabolic changes induced by a high-fat (HF) diet.

Anti-arthritic effects of geranium essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritic rats through down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines.

Geranium essential oil (GEO) has been widely used in aromatherapy and traditional medicines. Nanoencapsulation, a novel technique has emerged to overcome the environmental degradation and less oral bioavailability of essential oils. This work was undertaken to encapsulate geranium essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles (GEO-CNPs) by ionic gelation technique and to explore anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory potential in FCA-induced arthritic model in rats.

Development of a Low-Frequency Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer for Biological Tissue Sonication.

The safety of ultrasound exposure is very important for a patient's well-being. High-frequency (1-10 MHz) ultrasound waves are highly absorbed by biological tissue and have limited therapeutic effects on internal organs. This article presents the results of the development and application of a low-frequency (20-100 kHz) ultrasonic transducer for sonication of biological tissues.

Analyzing cross-talk of and genes along with evaluating therapeutic potential of in cigarette-smoke-induced lung pathophysiology in rat model.

The integrity of the distal alveolar epithelium is crucial for lung regeneration following an injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of extract; cross-talk of epidermal growth factor () and erythropoietin () genes in a smoke-induced lung injury rat model. For experimentation ( = 27), albino rats were divided equally into three groups, i.

Therapeutic efficacy of spirulina against ovalbumin and cigarette smoke-induced asthma-specific stress biomarkers in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Due to the high prevalence of allergies and asthma, awareness about allergens and therapeutic use of functional foods and nutraceuticals have gained immense attention. Spirulina powder is being used as health-boosting and antioxidant agent against several ailments owing to its unique nutritional profile. Considering its antioxidant role, the current study was focused on exploring therapeutic role of spirulina against stress biomarkers in asthmatic model.

Induced pain affects auricular and body biosignals: From cold stressor to deep breathing.

Pain affects every fifth adult worldwide and is a significant health problem. From a physiological perspective, pain is a protective reaction that restricts physical functions and causes responses in physiological systems. These responses are accessible for evaluation recorded biosignals and can be favorably used as feedback in active pain therapy auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS).

The Therapeutic Application of Extract Loaded Nanoemulsion Cream for Acid-Burn Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration.

Background and Objectives: Nanomedicine is a constantly growing field for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases as well as for regenerative therapy. Nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems improve pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles of plants based biologically active molecules. Based on traditional claims, leaves of the Tamarix aphylla (TA) were investigated for their potential healing activity on burn wounds.

Production performance, protein digestibility, gut health and economic efficiency in sexed broilers with super dozing of lysine.

Modern commercial broiler is growing very rapidly and its amino acid requirement is not fulfilling. An experimental trial was conducted to study the effect of super-dosing of lysine in fish meal-based diets (50% fish meal and 50% SBM) on production performance, protein digestibility and economic efficiency in male and female broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty (480) one-day-old male and female broiler chicks were divided into forty experimental units of 12 birds each.

Association between antimicrobial consumption and resistance rate of Escherichia coli in hospital settings.

Aims: This study aims to quantify antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan.

Methods And Results: This observational study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan over a 1-year period. The AMC and resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates collected from hospitals were observed and analysed using the pearson correlation coefficient.

Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of for its utilization in the management of hepatic injury.

Introduction: Phytochemicals present in () leaves have performed several physiological functions in human system such as anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and antiatherogenic functions.

Methods: Phytochemical and antioxidant potential of leaves extracts were measured. Histopathology, biochemical analysis, and gene expression tests were performed on serum, blood, and liver in animal model.

(L.) fruit extract alleviates oxidative stress through activation of dual oxidases and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling cascades in high-fat-diet associated atherosclerosis rats.

Atherosclerosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation associated with progressive thickening and hardening of the large to medium-sized arteries due to plaque formation. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic efficacy of (OFI) fruit extract against the high-fat-diet associated atherosclerotic rat model. qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of OFI fruit extract revealed the significant presence of total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents.

Quercetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating anti-oxidant enzymes and downregulating pro- and inflammatory cytokines.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory condition and associated with the symmetrical synovitis of the joints and cause joint pain. The use of anti-rheumatic drugs is associated with many adverse effects. Quercetin, an important polyphenolic flavonoid, possess anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects.

Comparative Biochemical Profiling of Aluminum Chloride and Sodium Azide Induced Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Disturbance.

Comorbidities in human beings signify the numerous risk factors that increase the incidences of neuro- and cardio-metabolic disorders. Experimental models depicting comorbidities are important to explore the molecular pathophysiology that can help suggest appropriate treatment strategies. Tissue-accumulating potential and pathological effects of aluminium chloride (AlCl)and sodium azide (NaN) are well recognized.

Resistance to Cypermethrin Is Widespread in Cattle Ticks () in the Province of Punjab, Pakistan: In Vitro Diagnosis of Acaricide Resistance.

Control of the cattle tick () mainly relies on chemical acaricides and cypermethrin is the most widely used acaricide in Pakistan. Farmers frequently complain about its low efficacy, thus, the present study was designed to quantify the frequency of cypermethrin resistance in cattle ticks. Engorged female were collected and tested for the efficacy of cypermethrin using the FAO-recommended larval packet test.

Platelet-Derived Biomarkers: Potential Role in Early Pediatric Serious Bacterial Infection and Sepsis Diagnostics.

Fever is the most common complaint of children who are attending a pediatric emergency department (PED). Most of the fever cases are of viral origin; however, the most common markers, such as leucocyte, neutrophil count, or C-reactive protein, are not sensitive or specific enough to distinguish the etiology of fever, especially if children present at the early phase of infection. Currently, platelets have been attributed a role as important sentinels in viral and bacterial infection pathogenesis.

Methods and criteria for validating the multimodal functions of perinatal derivatives when used in oncological and antimicrobial applications.

Perinatal derivatives or PnDs refer to tissues, cells and secretomes from perinatal, or birth-associated tissues. In the past 2 decades PnDs have been highly investigated for their multimodal mechanisms of action that have been exploited in various disease settings, including in different cancers and infections. Indeed, there is growing evidence that PnDs possess anticancer and antimicrobial activities, but an urgent issue that needs to be addressed is the reproducible evaluation of efficacy, both and .

Effect of stimulated platelets in COVID-19 thrombosis: Role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Since early 2020, SARS-CoV-2-induced infection resulted in global pandemics with high morbidity, especially in the adult population. COVID-19 is a highly prothrombotic condition associated with subsequent multiorgan failure and lethal outcomes. The exact mechanism of the prothrombotic state is not well understood and might be multifactorial.

PPARγ signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights for cellular reprogramming and therapeutic implications.

Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally. The therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases-associated liver cancers aimed at modulating immune check-points and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway during multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis that played a dispensable role in immunopathogenesis and outcomes of disease. Herein, the review highlights PPARγ-induced effects in balancing inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interplay of PPARγ, hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenic niche in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic crosstalk of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Overuse of medical care in paediatrics: A survey from five countries in the European Academy of Pediatrics.

Unlabelled: Studies and initiatives such as the "Choosing wisely" (CW) campaign emphasise evidence-based investigations and treatment to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The perception of the extent of medical overactivity among professionals and drivers behind are not well studied in the paediatric field.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the physicians' opinion and clarify the main drivers regarding medical overactivity in member countries of the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP).

Pathogenic role of cytokines in COVID-19, its association with contributing co-morbidities and possible therapeutic regimens.

The Covid-19, a threatening pandemic, was originated from China in December 2019 and spread quickly to all over the world. The pathogenesis of coronavirus is linked with the disproportionate response of the immune system. This involves the systemic inflammatory reaction which is characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release commonly known as cytokine release storm (CRS).

Over-Prescription of the Imidazoline Receptor Agonists: Evidence for Restriction of the Therapeutic Indication.

Background: Major antihypertensive drug classes (but not Imidazoline Receptor Agonists) have been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In 2017, Latvia and Lithuania had the highest cardiovascular mortality among the Eastern, Central, Northern, and Western Member States of the European Union (EU). Cardiovascular mortality in Estonia is much lower than in Lithuania and Latvia.

Naringin and Naringenin: Their Mechanisms of Action and the Potential Anticancer Activities.

Naringin and naringenin are the main bioactive polyphenols in citrus fruits, the consumption of which is beneficial for human health and has been practiced since ancient times. Numerous studies have reported these substances' antioxidant and antiandrogenic properties, as well as their ability to protect from inflammation and cancer, in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models in animals and humans. Naringin and naringenin can suppress cancer development in various body parts, alleviating the conditions of cancer patients by acting as effective alternative supplementary remedies.

Phytochemical characterization of Morus nigra fruit ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract for its cardioprotective potential.

The current work investigated the phytochemical profile of ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of Morus nigra (M. nigra) fruit. FTIR analysis of M.