18 results match your criteria: "Institute of Physiology (230)[Affiliation]"
Insects
October 2019
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
In the desert locust (), pheromones are considered to be crucial for governing important behaviors and processes, including phase transition, reproduction, aggregation and swarm formation. The receptors mediating pheromone detection in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) on the antenna of are unknown. Since pheromone receptors in other insects belong to the odorant receptor (OR) family and are typically co-expressed with the "sensory neuron membrane protein 1" (SNMP1), in our search for putative pheromone receptors of , we have screened the OR repertoire for receptor types that are expressed in SNMP1-positive OSNs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Integr Neurosci
May 2018
Membrane Physiology Division, Institute of Physiology 230, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany.
We review the concepts and findings that may be related to the occurrence of non-linear glial/neural dynamics involving interactions between polyelectrolytes of the extracellular matrix and the basement membranes that cover the endfeet of glia at CNS interfaces. Distortions of perception and blocking of learning expressed in functional syndromes are interpreted as macroscopic electrochemical patterns that emerge in grey matter through glial/neural interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Sci
May 2018
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Under given environmental conditions, the desert locust () forms destructive migratory swarms of billions of animals, leading to enormous crop losses in invaded regions. Swarm formation requires massive reproduction as well as aggregation of the animals. Pheromones that are detected via the olfactory system have been reported to control both reproductive and aggregation behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Biophys J
March 2018
Institute of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
For decades it has been shown that acute changes in gravity have an effect on neuronal systems of human and animals on different levels, from the molecular level to the whole nervous system. The functional properties and gravity-dependent adaptations of these system levels have been investigated with no or barely any interconnection. This review summarizes the gravity-dependent adaptation processes in human and animal organisms from the in vitro cellular level with its biophysical properties to the in vivo motor responses and underlying sensorimotor functions of human subjects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Med Chem
May 2012
Institute of Physiology (230), Dept. Membrane Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
Spreading Depression is the underlying patho physiological mechanism for the neurological symptoms of migraine aura and is thought to play a major role in triggering migraine. Therefore it seems reasonable to use the Spreading Depression as a pharmacological tool for anti migraine drugs. Drugs that are able to alter parameters of Spreading Depression should also influence appearance and course of migraine attacks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe complex physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract must permanently be adjusted according to the composition of ingested food, which requires continuous monitoring by appropriate sensory systems. Sensing the dietary constituents is thought to be mediated by chemosensory cells residing in the mucosa of the GI tract. We have examined the appearance and differentiation of candidate chemosensory cells at distinct postnatal stages and visualized cells that express gustducin or TRPM5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Tissue Res
November 2008
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are receptors for the adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin, which is an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and which has also been implicated in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis. In the present study, we have demonstrated that AdipoR1 is expressed in mature sensory neurons of the olfactory mucosa of mice, in a pattern reminiscent of the olfactory marker protein. AdipoR1 expression levels in the olfactory mucosa have been observed to increase gradually during late embryogenesis until adulthood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Senses
March 2008
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
In moths the detection of female-released sex pheromones involves hairlike structures on the male antenna. These long sensilla trichodea usually contain 2-3 chemosensory neurons accompanied by several supporting cells. Previous studies have shown that the pheromone-specific neurons are characterized by a "sensory neuron membrane protein" (SNMP) which is homologous to the CD36 family and localized in the dendrite membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
February 2008
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology-230, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
According to its physicochemical properties, neuronal tissue, including the central nervous system (CNS) and thus the human brain, is an excitable medium, which consequently exhibits, among other things, self-organization, pattern formation and propagating waves. Furthermore, such systems can be controlled by weak external forces. The spreading depression (SD), a propagating wave of excitation-depression, is such an event, which is additionally linked to a variety of medically important situations, classical migraine being just one example.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Neurosci
April 2007
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology (230), Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Males of the moth species Heliothis virescens are able to detect the female-released pheromone with remarkable sensitivity and specificity, distinguishing between highly related pheromonal compounds. In the past, electrophysiological studies succeeded in assigning sensory hairs to identified compounds revealing three functional types of long sensilla trichodea housing neurons specifically responding to distinct semiochemicals. The specific responsiveness implies that the sensory neurons express different receptor types tuned to pheromone components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvert Neurosci
December 2006
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Pheromone reception is thought to be mediated by pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) in the aqueous lymph of the antennal sensilla. Recent studies have shown that the only known PBP of Bombyx mori (BmorPBP1) appears to be specifically tuned to bombykol but not to bombykal, raising the question of whether additional subtypes may exist. We have identified two novel genes, which encode candidate PBPs (BmorPBP2, BmorPBP3).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Senses
July 2006
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
The enormous capacity of the male silkmoth Bombyx mori in recognizing and discriminating bombykol and bombykal is based on distinct sensory neurons in the antennal sensilla hairs. The hydrophobic pheromonal compounds are supposed to be ferried by soluble pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) through the sensillum lymph toward the receptors in the dendritic membrane. We have generated stable cell lines expressing the candidate pheromone receptors of B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvert Neurosci
March 2006
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
Pheromone recognition in insects is thought to involve distinct receptor proteins in the dendritic membrane of antennal sensory neurons. We have generated antibodies directed against a peptide derived from the sequence of the candidate pheromone receptor HR13 from Heliothis virescens. The antibodies specifically labelled the cell bodies of a distinct neuron population housed in male-specific pheromone-sensitive sensilla.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Neurosci
April 2005
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology (230), Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Communication via specific chemical signals is vitally important for the reproductive behaviour of many species. The first identified sex-attractant pheromone was bombykol from the silkmoth Bombyx mori. This female-released signalling compound is perceived by the male moth with extreme sensitivity and specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistochem Cell Biol
June 2005
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
The responsiveness of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) is based on odorant receptors (ORs) residing in the membrane of chemosensory cilia. It is still elusive as to when and how olfactory cilia are equipped with OR proteins rendering them responsive to odorants. To monitor the appearance of OR proteins in sensory compartments of OSNs, the olfactory epithelium of mice at various stages of prenatal development (lasting 19 days from conception) was investigated using immunohistochemical approaches and antibodies specific for different OR subtypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
August 2004
Institute of Physiology 230, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
The remarkable responsiveness of male moths to female released pheromones is based on the extremely sensitive and selective reaction of highly specialized sensory cells in the male antennae. These cells are supposed to be equipped with male-specific receptors for pheromonal compounds, however, the nature of these receptors is still elusive. By using a combination of genomic sequence analysis and cDNA-library screening, we have cloned various cDNAs of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens encoding candidate olfactory receptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol
July 2003
Institute of Physiology (230), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Candidate olfactory receptors of the moth Heliothis virescens were found to be extremely diverse from receptors of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, but there is one exception. The moth receptor type HR2 shares a rather high degree of sequence identity with one olfactory receptor type both from Drosophila (Dor83b) and from Anopheles (AgamGPRor7); moreover, in contrast to all other receptors, this unique receptor type is expressed in numerous antennal neurons. Here we describe the identification of HR2 homologues in two further lepidopteran species, the moths Antheraea pernyi and Bombyx mori, which share 86-88% of their amino acids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Neurosci
August 2002
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology (230), Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
The antennae of moths have been an invaluable model for studying the principles of odour perception. In spite of the enormous progress in understanding olfaction on the molecular level, for the moth one of the key elements in olfactory signalling, the odourant receptors, are still elusive. We have assessed a genome database of a heliothine moth (Heliothis virescens, Noctuidae) and employed exon-specific probes to screen an antennal cDNA library of this species.
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