The impact of reduced skeletal muscle mass at stroke onset on 3-month functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Introduction: Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass (RMM), is increasingly recognized as a significant factor influencing outcomes in various health conditions, including stroke. Although most studies focus on sarcopenia developing during stroke rehabilitation, the impact of sarcopenia present at the onset of acute ischemic stroke remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effect of RMM at stroke onset on 3-month functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Distinct patterns of osteoradionecrosis after photon-based radiotherapy and carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: case series from two institutions.

Background And Purpose: To present the clinical outcomes of two series of patients treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and definitive photon radiotherapy (RT) for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (HN-ACC).

Material And Methods: The first cohort of six patients was referred from Oslo University Hospital (OUS) to Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Pavia, Italy) for CIRT in 2014-2017. The second cohort included 18 patients treated with definitive photon RT at OUS in 2005-2017.

All-Optical Single-Channel Plasmonic Logic Gates.

Optical computing, renowned for its light-speed processing and low power consumption, typically relies on the coherent control of two light sources. However, there are challenges in stabilizing and maintaining high optical spatiotemporal coherence, especially for large-scale computing systems. The coherence requires rigorous feedback circuits and numerous phase shifters, introducing system instability and complexity.

Assessment of tissue-air ratios in epoxy resin and PMMA phantoms for radiation dosimetry: findings from experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.

This study assesses radiation doses in multi-slice computed tomography (CT) using epoxy resin and PMMA phantoms, focusing on the relationship between TAR (tissue air ratio) and kilovoltage peak (kVp). The research was conducted using a Hitachi Supria 16-slice CT scanner. An epoxy resin phantom was fabricated from commercially available materials, to simulate human tissue.

Current status of fertility preservation procedures in gynecologic oncology: from a Chinese perspective.

Background: The "Healthy China" initiative, along with advancements in technology for cancer diagnosis and treatment, has significantly enhanced outcomes for patients with gynecologic tumors. The trends of late marriage and delayed childbirth have led to an increasing number of women diagnosed with gynecologic cancers who are seeking fertility preservation in China. This issue is critical yet often overlooked in clinical practice.

The role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in photoelectron circular dichroism: the diastereoisomers of 1-amino-2-indanol.

(1,2)--Aminoindanol and (1,2)--aminoindanol, denoted as -AI and -AI, are diastereoisomer aromatic aminoalcohols differing by the presence of a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond in -AI, which is absent in -AI. They also differ by the number of conformers under supersonic jet conditions, one for -AI and two for -AI. One-photon and resonance-enhanced two-photon photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) spectra are obtained for the two molecules.

Topologically Engineered High- Quasi-BIC Metasurfaces for Enhanced Near-Infrared Emission in PbS Quantum Dots.

Enhancing photoluminescence (PL) efficiency in colloidal quantum dots is pivotal for next-generation near-infrared photodetectors, imaging systems, and photonic devices. Conventional methods, especially metal-based plasmonic structures, suffer from large optical losses, which limits their practical use. Here, we introduce a quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) metasurface on a silicon-on-insulator platform, tailored to provide high-quality factor resonances with minimized losses.

Integration of Motion and Stillness: A Paradigm Shift in Constructing Nearly Planar NIR-II AIEgen with Ultrahigh Molar Absorptivity and Photothermal Effect for Multimodal Phototheranostics.

The two contradictory entities in nature often follow the principle of unity of opposites, leading to optimal overall performance. Particularly, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with donor-acceptor (D-A) structures exhibit tunable optical properties and versatile functionalities, offering significant potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. However, trapped by low molar absorptivity (ε) owing to the distorted configurations, the ceilings of their photon-harvesting capability and the corresponding phototheranostic performance still fall short.

Non-adiabatic quantum electrodynamic effects on electron-nucleus-photon systems: Single photonic mode vs infinite photonic modes.

The quantum-electrodynamic non-adiabatic emission (QED-NAE) is a type of radiatively assisted vibronic de-excitation due to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations on non-adiabatic processes. Building on our previous work [Tsai et al., J.

Self-consistent electron density with shell structure using neural network-based Pauli potential.

The orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) based method is a convenient tool to carry out electronic structure calculations scaling almost linearly with the number of electrons. However, the main impediment in the application of this method is the unavailability of the accurate form for the non-interacting kinetic energy functional in terms of electron density. The Pauli kinetic energy functional is the unknown part of the kinetic energy functional, and the corresponding Pauli potential appears in the governing Euler equation.

Pressure-Induced Dehydration and Reversible Recrystallization of Dihydrogen-Bonded Sodium Borohydride Dihydrate NaBH·2HO.

Sodium borohydride dihydrate (NaBH·2HO) forms through dihydrogen bonding between the hydridic hydrogen of the BH ion and the protonic hydrogen of the water molecule. High-pressure structural changes in NaBH·2HO, observed up to 11 GPa through X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy, were analyzed to assess the influence of dihydrogen bonds on its crystal structure. At approximately 4.

Leveraging Optical Anisotropy of the Morpho Butterfly Wing for Quantitative, Stain-Free, and Contact-Free Assessment of Biological Tissue Microstructures.

Changes in the density and organization of fibrous biological tissues often accompany the progression of serious diseases ranging from fibrosis to neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease and cancer. However, challenges in cost, complexity, or precision faced by existing imaging methodologies and materials pose barriers to elucidating the role of tissue microstructure in disease. Here, we leverage the intrinsic optical anisotropy of the Morpho butterfly wing and introduce Morpho-Enhanced Polarized Light Microscopy (MorE-PoL), a stain- and contact-free imaging platform that enhances and quantifies the birefringent material properties of fibrous biological tissues.

Isolated Tin Enhanced CO Coverage-Regulation on SnCu Alloy for Selective CO Electroreduction to C Products.

Electricity-powered C─C coupling of CO represents an attractive strategy for producing valuable commodity chemicals with renewable energy, but it is still challenging to gain high C selectivity at high current density. Here, a SnCu single-atom alloy (SAA) is reported with isolated Sn atom embedded into the Cu lattice, as efficient ectrocatalyst for CO reduction. The as prepared SnCu-SAA catalyst shows a maximal C Faradaic efficiency of 79.

Ligand labilization gates intramolecular electron transfer in molecular photocatalyst.

Identification of rate determining steps concerning catalyst activation and catalytic turnover is key to optimize molecular photocatalysts. In this contribution, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy upon variation of temperature and ionic strength yields new insights into the light-driven reactivity of the benchmark molecular photocatalyst, RutpphzRhCp*.

A Graph Neural Network-Based Approach to XANES Data Analysis.

The determination of three-dimensional structures (3D structures) is crucial for understanding the correlation between the structural attributes of materials and their functional performance. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) is an indispensable tool to characterize the atomic-scale local 3D structure of the system. Here, we present an approach to simulate XANES based on a customized 3D graph neural network (3DGNN) model, XAS3Dabs, which takes directly the 3D structure of the system as input, and the inherent relation between the fine structure of spectrum and local geometry is considered during the model construction.

All-Optical Generation and Detection of Coherent Acoustic Vibrations in Single Gallium Phosphide Nanoantennas Probed near the Anapole Excitation.

Nanostructured high-index dielectrics have shown great promise as low-loss photonic platforms for wavefront control and enhancing optical nonlinearities. However, their potential as optomechanical resonators has remained unexplored. In this work, we investigate the generation and detection of coherent acoustic phonons in individual crystalline gallium phosphide nanodisks on silica in a pump-probe configuration.

Symmetric Diblock Copolymers Form Versatile and Switchable Ultrasmall Nanoparticles.

Block copolymers (BCPs) can form nanoparticles having different morphologies that can be used as photonic nanocrystals and are a platform for drug delivery, sensors, and catalysis. In particular, BCP nanoparticles having disk-like shape have been recently discovered. Such nanodisks can be used as the next-generation antitumor drug delivery carriers; however, the applicability of the existing nanodisks is limited due to their poor or unknown ability to respond to external stimuli.

Electrically Pumped -BN Single-Photon Emission in van der Waals Heterostructure.

Atomic defects in solids offer a versatile basis to study and realize quantum phenomena and information science in various integrated systems. All-electrical pumping of single defects to create quantum light emission has been realized in several platforms including color centers in diamond and silicon carbide, which could lead to the circuit network of electrically triggered single-photon sources. However, a wide conduction channel which reduces the carrier injection per defect site has been a major obstacle.

Nonlinear memristive computational spectrometer.

In the domain of spectroscopy, miniaturization efforts often face significant challenges, particularly in achieving high spectral resolution and precise construction. Here, we introduce a computational spectrometer powered by a nonlinear photonic memristor with a WSe homojunction. This approach overcomes traditional limitations, such as constrained Fermi level tunability, persistent dark current, and limited photoresponse dimensionality through dynamic energy band modulation driven by palladium (Pd) ion migration.

Structure switching aptamer enhance sensitivity and specificity of photonic crystal-based sensors for RSV-G protein detection.

Photonic crystal-based aptasensors for viral proteins detection offer the advantage of producing visible readouts. However, they usually suffer from limited sensitivity and high non-specific background noise. A significant contributing factor to these issues is the use of fixed-conformation aptamers in these sensors.

Unusual Iron-Independent Ferroptosis-like Cell Death Induced by Photoactivation of a Typical Iridium Complex for Hypoxia Photodynamic Therapy.

Ferroptosis is a unique cell death mode that relies on iron and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and is extensively utilized to treat drug-resistant tumor. However, like the other antitumor model, requirement of oxygen limited its application in treating the malignant tumors in anaerobic environments, just as photodynamic therapy, a very promising anticancer therapy. Here, we show that an iridium(III) complex (Ir-dF), which was often used in proton-coupled electron transport (PCET) process, can induce efficient cell death upon photo irradiation, which can be effectively protected by the typical ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 but not by the classic iron chelating agents and ROS scavengers.

Multi-Modality Imaging in Cardio-Rheumatology.

Purpose Of Review: Our purpose was to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various noninvasive imaging modalities in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). The detailed knowledge of imaging modalities will facilitate the diagnosis and follow up of CVD in ARDs.

Recent Findings: Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (ARDs) are characterized by alterations in immunoregulatory system of the body.

Inhibition of IFITM3 in cerebrovascular endothelium alleviates Alzheimer's-related phenotypes.

Introduction: Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) modulates γ-secretase in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although IFITM3 knockout reduces amyloid β protein (Aβ) production, its cell-specific effect on AD remains unclear.

Methods: Single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was used to assess IFITM3 expression.

Regulable crack patterns for the fabrication of high-performance transparent EMI shielding windows.

Crack pattern-based metal grid film is an ideal candidate material for transparent electromagnetic interference shielding optical windows. However, achieving crack patterns with narrow grid spacing, small wire width, and high connectivity remains challenging. Herein, an aqueous acrylic colloidal dispersion was developed as a crack precursor for preparing crack patterns.

Coupling of single nanodiamonds hosting SiV color centers to plasmonic double bowtie microantennas.

Color centers are promising single-photon emitters owing to their operation at room temperature and high photostability. In particular, using nanodiamonds as a host material is of interest for sensing and metrology. Furthermore, being a solid-state system allows for incorporation to photonic systems to tune both the emission intensity and photoluminescence spectrum and therefore adapt the individual color center to desired properties.