Pathology-specific lipid alterations with triacylglycerol as a potential biomarker in Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS).

Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) & Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) are two common pathologies of drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRE). Inappropriate localization of the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD is a significant contributing factor to the unsatisfactory surgical results observed in FCD cases. Currently, no molecular or cellular indicators are available which can aid in identifying the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD.

Variations in the Antivirulence Effects of Fatty Acids and Virstatin against Strains.

The expression of two major virulence factors of , cholera toxin (CT) and toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP), is induced by environmental stimuli through a cascade of interactions among regulatory proteins known as the ToxR regulon when the bacteria reach the human small intestine. ToxT is produced via the ToxR regulon and acts as the direct transcriptional activator of CT (), TCP ( gene cluster), and other virulence genes. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and several small-molecule inhibitors of ToxT have been developed as antivirulence agents against .

The transition towards community-based mental health care in the European Union: Current realities and prospects.

The shift of mental health care from mental institutions to community-based services has been implemented differentially throughout the EU. However, because a comprehensive overview of the current mental health provision in member states is lacking, it is challenging to compare services across nations. This study investigates the extent of implementation of community-based mental health services within the EU using data collected from the WHO Mental Health Atlas.

Expression of Cholera Toxin (CT) and the Toxin Co-Regulated Pilus (TCP) by Variants of ToxT in Strains.

The expression of the two major virulence genes of - (the major subunit of the toxin co-regulated pilus) and (cholera toxin)-is regulated by the ToxR regulon, which is triggered by environmental stimuli during infection within the human small intestine. Special culture methods are required to induce the expression of virulence genes in in the laboratory setting. In the present study, induction of the expression of virulence genes by two point mutations (65th and 139th amino acids) in , which is produced by the ToxR regulon and activates the transcription of the virulence genes in , under laboratory culture conditions has been investigated.

Final results of the real-life observational VICTOR-6 study on metronomic chemotherapy in elderly metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.

Nowadays, treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has been enriched with novel therapeutical strategies. Metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT) is a continuous and frequent administration of chemotherapy at a lower dose and so whit less toxicity. Thus, this strategy could be attractive for elderly MBC patients.

Perceptions of shared decision making in gastroenterology and inflammatory bowel disease: A qualitative analysis.

Objective: Shared decision-making (SDM) is the partnership and discussion between clinicians and patients to make an appropriate decision based on scientific evidence and patient preferences. Many benefits are associated with SDM; however, little is known about its awareness or use by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinicians in gastroenterology departments across Israel. This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators in implementing SDM as standard practice to achieve optimal disease management and personalized care for patients with IBD.

Administration of Inhibitory Molecules through Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Therapy.

According to Global Cancer Statistics, breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in women. While there are several treatments for breast cancer, they are not always effective. In most cases, after initial treatment, patients may present a low response to therapy, more severe relapses, and even drug resistance.

Thoracic UltrasONOgraphy Reporting: The TUONO Consensus.

The widespread use of the lung ultrasound (LUS) has not been followed by the development of a comprehensive standardized tool for its reporting in the intensive care unit (ICU) which could be useful to promote consistency and reproducibility during clinical examination. This work aims to define the essential features to be included in a standardized reporting tool and provides a structured model form to fully express the diagnostic potential of LUS and facilitate intensivists in the use of a LUS in everyday clinical ICU examination. We conducted a modified Delphi process to build consensus on the items to be integrated in a standardized report form and on its structure.

Patient-derived podocyte spheroids reveal new insights into the etiopathogenesis of Alport syndrome.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a rare disease characterized by defective glomerular basement membranes, caused by mutations in COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5, which synthesize collagen type IV. Patients present with progressive proteinuria, hematuria and podocyte loss. There is currently no cure for Alport syndrome, and this is mainly due to its complex and variable pathogenesis, as well as the lack of models that can faithfully mimic the human phenotype.

Development of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for ß-lactamase gene identification using clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria.

Rapid evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility is important in the treatment of nosocomial infections by Gram-negative bacteria, which increasingly carry carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases. We developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assays for four β-lactamase genes ( , , group, and ). The assays were evaluated using eight reference bacterial strains (, , , and ) harboring six β-lactamase genes.

The epidemiology of epilepsy in older adults: A narrative review by the ILAE Task Force on Epilepsy in the Elderly.

In an aging world, it is important to know the burden of epilepsy affecting populations of older persons. We performed a selective review of epidemiological studies that we considered to be most informative, trying to include data from all parts of the world. We emphasized primary reports rather than review articles.

Epilepsy in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: an observational retrospective study of a large population.

Objective: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in older adults. Epilepsy represents a possible sequela of the disease. To date, studies on epilepsy in CAA are lacking, and the few data available mainly focus on CAA-related inflammation (CAA-ri), the inflammatory form of the disease.

Thoracic UltrasONOgraphy Reporting: The TUONO Study.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a validated technique for the prompt diagnosis and bedside monitoring of critically ill patients due to its availability, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this work is to detect similarities and differences among LUS reports performed in ICUs and to provide a common ground for an integrated report form. We collected all LUS reports during an index week in 21 ICUs from the GiViTI network.

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among people with chronic neurological disorders: A position paper.

Background And Purpose: Health risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are undisputed. Moreover, the capability of vaccination to prevent symptomatic, severe, and fatal COVID-19 is recognized. There is also early evidence that vaccination can reduce the chance for long COVID-19.

Corrigendum: Molecular Serotype-Specific Identification of Non-type b by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.

Why Do High-Risk Patients Develop or Not Develop Coronary Artery Disease? Metabolic Insights from the CAPIRE Study.

Traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (RFs) and coronary artery disease (CAD) do not always show a direct correlation. We investigated the metabolic differences in a cohort of patients with a high CV risk profile who developed, or did not develop, among those enrolled in the Coronary Atherosclerosis in Outlier Subjects: Protective and Novel Individual Risk Factors Evaluation (CAPIRE) study. We studied 112 subjects with a high CV risk profile, subdividing them according to the presence (CAD/High-RFs) or absence of CAD (No-CAD/High-RFs), assessed by computed tomography angiography.

Differential Proteomics of Cardiovascular Risk and Coronary Artery Disease in Humans.

Background: Proteomics of atypical phenotypes may help unravel cardiovascular disease mechanisms.

Aim: We aimed to prospectively screen the proteome of four types of individuals: with or without coronary artery disease (CAD), each with or without multiple risk factors. Associations with individual risk factors and circulating biomarkers were also tested to provide a functional context to the protein hits.

Biochemical and biophysical features of disease-associated tau mutants V363A and V363I.

The comprehension of pathogenetic mechanisms in tauopathy-associated neurodegenerative diseases can be improved by the knowledge of the biochemical and biophysical features of mutated tau proteins. Here, we used the full-length, wild-type tau, the V363A and V363I mutated species, associated with pathology, and the P301L mutated tau as a benchmark. Using several techniques, including small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, thioflavin T binding, and electrophoretic separation, we compared their course from intrinsically disordered monomers in solution to early-stage recruitment in complexes and then aggregates of increasing size over long periods up to the asymptotic aggregative behavior of full-length tau proteins.

High-mobility group box 1 as a predictive biomarker for drug-resistant epilepsy: A proof-of-concept study.

Currently no sensitive and specific biomarkers exist to predict drug-resistant epilepsy. We determined whether blood levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a mediator of neuroinflammation implicated in drug-resistant epilepsies, identifies patients with drug-resistant seizures. Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy express significantly higher levels of blood HMGB1 than those with drug-responsive, well-controlled seizures and healthy controls.

VicPred: A Genotype Prediction Tool.

Genomic information can be used to predict major pathogenic traits of pathogens without the need for laboratory experimentation. However, no genome-based trait identification tools currently exist. The aim of this study was to develop a web-based prediction tool to identify pathogenic traits using publicly available 796 whole-genome sequences of .

Metabolomic correlates of coronary atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk, both or neither. Results of the 2 × 2 phenotypic CAPIRE study.

Background: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and coronary artery disease (CAD) do not always run parallel. We investigated functional-metabolic correlations of CAD, RFs, or neither in the CAPIRE (Coronary Atherosclerosis in Outlier Subjects: Protective and Novel Individual Risk Factors Evaluation) 2 × 2 phenotypic observational study.

Methods: Two hundred and fortyone subjects were included based on RF burden, presence/absence of CAD (assessed by computed tomography angiography), age and sex.