Pharmacological, computational, and mechanistic insights into triptolide's role in targeting drug-resistant cancers.

As a promising candidate for tackling drug-resistant cancers, triptolide, a diterpenoid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has been developed. This review summarizes potential antitumor activities, including the suppression of RNA polymerase II, the suppression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), and the blockade of NF-kB signalling. Triptolide is the first known compound to target cancer cells specifically but spare normal cells, and it has success in treating cancers that are difficult to treat, including pancreatic, breast, and lung cancers.

Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Prenylated Indole Alkaloids from the Antarctic Fungus sp. Strain SF-7367.

Inflammation has always been considered a trigger or consequence of neurodegenerative diseases, and the inhibition of inflammation in the central nervous system can effectively protect nerve cells. Several studies have indicated that various natural products inhibit neuroinflammation. Among these, Antarctic fungal metabolites have pharmacological activities and a developmental value.

Moracin M promotes hair regeneration through activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and angiogenesis.

Hair follicle growth depends on the intricate interaction of cells within the follicle and its vascular supply. Current FDA-approved treatments like minoxidil have limitations, including side effects and the need for continuous use. Moracin M, a compound from Moraceae family, was investigated for its effects on hair growth and vascular regeneration.

Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-mediated Therapy in Brain Cancer.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of brain cancer due to their unique biological properties, including their ability to home tumor sites, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and exert anti-tumor effects. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying MSC-mediated therapy in brain cancer. We explore the various signalling pathways activated by MSCs that contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, such as the PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch pathways.

Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids Combating Cancer Drug Resistance.

Despite notable progress in treatment modalities, cancer continues to be a prom-inent cause of death globally. Chemotherapy is the main method used to treat cancer, and chemotherapeutic medications are categorized according to how they work. Nevertheless, the issue of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant obstacle, impacting almost 90% of cancer patients who receive chemotherapy or innovative targeted medicines.

Targeting signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Quercetin's cellular and molecular mechanisms for neuroprotection.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options.

Methods: This review systematically sourced articles related to neurodegenerative diseases, neurodegeneration, quercetin, and clinical studies from primary medical databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Results: Recent studies have included quercetin to impact the cellular and molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration.

Pharmacological Approaches and Innovative Strategies for Individualized Patient Care.

Personalized medicine is an evolving paradigm that aims to tailor therapeutic interventions to individual patient characteristics. With a growing understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, tailored therapies are becoming more feasible and effective. This review highlights the significant advancements in personalized medicine, focusing specifically on pharmacological strategies.

Recent Advancements in the Synthetic Chemistry of Oxazole Derivatives and their Significant Medicinal Applications.

The five-membered oxazole motif heterocyclic aromatic ring has been gaining considerable attention due to its bioisosterism property and unusually wide range of desired biological properties. Thus, it is a perfect pre-built platform for the discovery of new scaffold development in medicinal chemistry. In recent years, the potential of oxazoles has garnered significant attention from medicinal chemists, resulting in the development of several synthetic and plant-based drugs currently in the market.

S-ketamine alleviates morphine-induced hyperalgesia via decreasing the gut Enterobacteriaceae levels: Comparison with R-ketamine.

Background: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a serious complication during the pain treatment. Ketamine has been commonly reported to treat OIH, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota is recently recognized as one of the important mechanisms underlying the occurrence and treatment of OIH.

The interplay of senescence and MMPs in myocardial infarction: implications for cardiac aging and therapeutics.

Aging is associated with a marked increase in cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI). Cellular senescence is also a crucial factor in the development of age-related MI. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) interaction with cellular senescence is a critical determinant of MI development and outcomes, most notably in the aged heart.

Targeting senescence and GATA4 in age-related cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive approach.

The growing prevalence of age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) poses significant health challenges, necessitating the formulation of novel treatment approaches. GATA4, a vital transcription factor identified for modulating cardiovascular biology and cellular senescence, is recognized for its critical involvement in CVD pathogenesis. This review collected relevant studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using search terms like 'GATA4,' 'cellular senescence,' 'coronary artery diseases,' 'hypertension,' 'heart failure,' 'arrhythmias,' 'congenital heart diseases,' 'cardiomyopathy,' and 'cardiovascular disease.

Designing & optimisation of dual Ca and SO ionic cross-linked sericin/pectin microbeads using response surface methodology for colon-specific delivery.

Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, requires precise and targeted treatment, and polysaccharides, with their pH responsiveness and biodegradability, offer an innovative approach for colon-specific drug delivery. This study aims to develop a highly precise drug delivery system with enhanced therapeutic and targeting efficiency for ulcerative colitis, focusing on the preparation, optimisation, and evaluation of dual cross-linked mesalamine-loaded sericin-pectin (DSPs) micro-beads. These beads utilise the pH-responsive and microflora biodegradability properties of polysaccharides for targeted colon delivery, employing the Response Surface Methodology.

The role of GATA4 in mesenchymal stem cell senescence: A new frontier in regenerative medicine.

The Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) is a multipotent progenitor cell with known differentiation potential towards various cell lineage, making it an appealing candidate for regenerative medicine. One major contributing factor to age-related MSC dysfunction is cellular senescence, which is the hallmark of relatively irreversible growth arrest and changes in functional properties. GATA4, a zinc-finger transcription factor, emerges as a critical regulator in MSC biology.

Molecular-targeted Therapy for Precision Medicine in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Advancement in Cancer Targeting Strategies.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer represent significant health challenges, affecting the digestive system with often subtle symptoms that can delay diagnosis. GI cancers account for a higher global mortality rate than any other cancer, largely due to the limited availability of highly effective treatment options." Due to next-generation sequencing and new preclinical model tools, that we have learned more regarding its pathophysiology and molecular changes.

Exploring the neuroprotective benefits of phytochemicals extracted from indigenous edible fruits in Bangladesh.

The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and the constraints of existing treatment methods have spurred a keen interest in investigating alternative therapies. Medicinal plants, renowned for their long-standing use in traditional medicine, offer a hopeful avenue for discovering new neuroprotective agents. This study emphasizes the potential neuroprotective characteristics of edible fruit plants in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on their traditional folk medicine uses for neurological disorders.

Therapeutic Potential of Microneedle Assisted Drug Delivery for Wound Healing: Current State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Perspective.

Microneedles (MNs) appear as a transformative and minimally invasive platform for transdermal drug delivery, representing a highly promising strategy in wound healing therapeutics. This technology, entailing the fabrication of micron-scale needle arrays, enables the targeted and efficient delivery of bioactive agents into the epidermal and dermal layers without inducing significant pain or discomfort. The precise penetration of MNs facilitates localized and sustained drug release, which significantly enhances tissue regeneration and accelerates wound closure.

Neuroactive Phytoconstituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, poses a significant global health challenge with complicated pathogenesis. Pathological characteristics of AD include increasing loss of cholinergic neurons, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and amyloid beta accumulation. Due to the limited availability of effective therapeutic options with only symptomatic relief and their severe adverse effects, there is a significant need to search and explore new agents for the management of AD.

Bioinformatics Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Lotus Seed Compounds in Multiple Sclerosis: A Network Analysis of c-Jun Pathway.

The central nervous system is affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune illness characterized by axonal destruction, demyelination, and inflammation. This article summarizes the state of the field, highlighting its complexity and significant influence on people's quality of life. The research employs a network pharmacological approach, integrating systems biology, bioinformatics, and pharmacology to identify biomarkers associated with MS.

LC-MS profiling and cytotoxic activity of Angiopteris helferiana against HepG2 cell line: Molecular insight to investigate anticancer agent.

Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases in humans and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Angiopteris helferiana was mentioned as a possible anticancer herb according to ethnomedicinal applications. However, the molecular docking and chemical profiling of the bioactive phytoconstituents accountable for the reported anticancer action still require research.

Enhancing the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles by beta-carotene conjugation for improved anti-microbial and anti-tumor therapy for dental application.

Zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) are notable in nanomedicine for their exceptional physicochemical and biological properties. This study synthesizes and characterizes beta-carotene-coated ZnO NPs (BT-ZnO NPs) for potential anti-cancer and antimicrobial applications, demonstrating significant efficacy against dental pathogens and oral cancer cells. Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDAX, UV, FTIR, XRD, and Zeta potential analysis of prepared BT-ZnO NPs revealed uniform flower-like crystalline structures with intricate morphology and an average particle size of 38.

Chronic kidney disease and aging: dissecting the p53/p21 pathway as a therapeutic target.

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are a group of multi-factorial disorders that markedly impair kidney functions with progressive renal deterioration. Aging contributes to age-specific phenotypes in kidneys, which undergo several structural and functional alterations, such as a decline in regenerative capacity and increased fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular atrophy, all predisposing them to disease and increasing their susceptibility to injury while impeding their recovery. A central feature of these age-related processes is the activation of the p53/p21 pathway signaling.

Optimisation and evaluation of long circulating Ru-SLNs carrier for targeting melanoma cells.

The aim of study was to prepared and evaluated rutin-loaded solid-lipid-nanoparticles (Ru-SLNs) gel for treatment of melanoma cells. SLNs were prepared by ultrasonication method through optimisation and evaluated their mean-diameter, PDI, zeta-potential, morphology, entrapment-efficiency, drug-loading, interaction by FTIR, in vitro skin permeation, stability, antioxidant/MTT assay and fluorescence microscopic. Further developed Ru-SLNs was incorporated into gel and characterised their physicochemical properties, drug contents, in vitro diffusion, ex vivo permeation and retention studies in human cadaver skin.

Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing.

Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity.

Liquid biopsies and exosomal ncRNA: Transforming pancreatic cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal malignancy due to poor early detection rate and resistance to conventional therapies. This review examines the potential for liquid biopsy as a transformative technology to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Specifically, we explore emerging biomarkers such as exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs).